• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2745-2750
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• 2015

Abstract should be placed here In this study, we propose an algorithm of the method of recovering quickly find the location of the error encountered during separate operations in the functional structure of complex digital circuits by mimicking the self-healing function of the cell. By the digital circuit was divided by 9 function block unit of function, proposes a method that It can quickly detect and recover the error position. It was the detection and recovery algorithms for the error location in the digital circuit of a complicated structure and could extended the number of function block for the $3{\times}3$ matrix structure on the dital circuit.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.377-380
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• 2015

Muscle contusion has a negative effect on muscle function. Although several studies showed that pain control and muscle recovery is facilitated by pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), there has not been much research regarding the specific effects of PEMF on them. The aim of the present study is to investigate effects of PEMF on pain and muscle recovery following extensor digitorum longus (EDL) contusion injury through measuring the expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene and nerve growth factor (NGF). Significantly reduced c-fos expression in the spinal cord was shown in PEMF groups compared with control (CON) groups. There was no significant difference between PEMF1 and CON1, but significantly increased NGF expression was shown in PEMF3 and PEMF5 compared with in CON groups, where the numbers in the group names are the days from contusion. In conclusion, PEMF could be used to not only reduce pain in muscle injuries by down-regulating c-fos expression in the spinal cord, but it could also influence muscle healing through increasing NGF expression in the injured muscle.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop an osteogenic, biodegradable material using polymer and BMP. It was designed to have structural function and be moldable, for the reconstruction of load bearing areas and deformities of various configurations. Bone apatite was added to Poly(L-lactide)(PLLA) and made porous for osteoconductability and ease of BMP loading. The materials, with or without BMP purified from porcine bone matrix, were evaluated in cranial bone defect models in rats for biocompatibility and bone regeneration capability. The following results were obtained: The PLLA-BMP material with BMP added to the polymer showed 30% healing of cranial bone defects in rats during the 2 weeks to 3 months period of observation. The moldable PLLA agent without BMP also showed 25% bone healing capacity. Although new bone formation was incomplete in the critical size defect of rat cranium, it can be concluded that the unique moldability of those agents makes them useful for the reconstruction of various bone defects and maxillofacial deformities.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2020

Even though 304 low-carbon (304L) stainless steel was developed to enhance the resistance to intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, it is occasionally subject to degradation in harsh environments. The degree of sensitization (DOS) of 304L stainless steel was studied as a function of sensitization using a double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) method. Sensitizing heat treatment was performed in an Ar atmosphere at 500℃, 600℃, and 700℃, with heat treatment times varying from 0 to 96 h. DOS was measured by the ratio of the peak current density value of the forward scan to that of the reverse scan. After the EPR experiment, the specimen surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The DOS of the specimens heat-treated at 600℃ increased with heat treatment times up to 48 h and then decreased due to a self healing effect. The DOS was higher in specimens heat-treated at 600℃ than those at 500℃ or 700℃. Corrosion of the sensitized specimens occurred mainly at the δ-γ phase boundary. The corrosion morphology at the δ-γ phase boundary changed with sensitizing heat-treatment conditions due to differences in chromium activity in γ austenite and δ ferrite.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.135-147
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• 2016

This paper describes a smart structural system, which uses smart materials for real-time monitoring and active control of bolted-joints in steel structures. The goal of this research is to reduce the possibility of failure and the cost of maintenance of steel structures such as bridges, electricity pylons, steel lattice towers and so on. The concept of the smart structural system combines impedance based health monitoring techniques with a shape memory alloy (SMA) washer to restore the tension of the loosened bolt. The impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques were used to detect loosened bolts in bolted-joints. By comparing electrical impedance signatures measured from a potentially damage structure with baseline data obtained from the pristine structure, the bolt loosening damage could be detected. An outlier analysis, using generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, providing optimal decision boundaries, has been carried out for more systematic damage detection. Once the loosening damage was detected in the bolted joint, the external heater, which was bonded to the SMA washer, actuated the washer. Then, the heated SMA washer expanded axially and adjusted the bolt tension to restore the lost torque. Additionally, temperature variation due to the heater was compensated by applying the effective frequency shift (EFS) algorithm to improve the performance of the diagnostic results. An experimental study was conducted by integrating the piezoelectric material based structural health monitoring and the SMA-based active control function on a bolted joint, after which the performance of the smart 'self-monitoring and self-healing bolted joint system' was demonstrated.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.365-372
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• 2010

Irradiation has been recognized as a highly suitable tool to aid in the formation of hydrogel. The radiation process has various advantage, such as easy process control and the lack of necessity for initiators and crosslinker. In this study, the hydrogel containing the citrus fermentation gel for the wound healing were successfully synthesized. The strength of hydrogel was increased as a function of a increasing the concentration of citrus and the irradiation doses. In addition, this hydrogel have been evaluated by the cytotoxicity and animal experiment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.295-302
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• 2007

The use of colors plays an important role in the field of space design. The selection of proper colors influences on people who use space by making the most of the psychological and physical functions of colors. Especially, the medical space is relatively more important than other indoor spaces in the selection of colors. The medical space has to be something to do with diversity and functions, and at the same time with stability and quietude, as well as the space with general convenient facilities. Color is not only related to the expression but also to the distinction of things and the existence. It also functions as a visual language. Human beings depend heavily on the function of color as a visual language. According to previous studies, human beings depend on color by 80% of the whole range of eyesight. Thus, color is an important factor in recognizing things and space. For example, in hospital, it Is very important to apply proper colors to various medical treatment spaces for the sake of patients' rest and healing. Various colors which do not consider the function of patients' rest and healing may make the space confusing against the change of space and structure. It is also important to apply colors to the change of space and structure. Another key point that I would like to make is that color has visual, direct and physical influence on the human body. For example, the color red with long wavelength serves to regulate body temperature. Research on the color scheme for hospitals should consider both physical and psychological factors. That is why the research should be carried out in depth through continuous clinical demonstration. The present research aims to outline color planning.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.495-503
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• 2018

With significant improvements in success rates for free flap reconstruction of the head and neck, attention has turned to donor site morbidity associated with osteocutaneous free flaps. In this review, we address the morbidity associated with harvest of the four most commonly used osteocutaneous flaps; the free fibula flap, the scapula flap, the iliac crest flap and the radial forearm flap. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify articles relevant to donor site morbidity for these flaps. We assessed morbidity in terms of incidence of delayed healing, chronic pain, aesthetic outcomes, site specific complications and patient satisfaction/quality of life. Weighted means were calculated when sufficient studies were available for review. The radial forearm and free fibula flaps are associated with high rates of delayed healing of approximately 20% compared to the scapular (<10%) and iliac flaps (5%). The radial forearm flap has higher rates of chronic pain (16.7%) and dissatisfaction with scar appearance (33%). For the majority of these patients harvest of one of these four osteocutaneous does not limit daily function at long-term follow-up. The scapular osteocutaneous flap is associated with the lowest relative morbidity and should be strongly considered when the recipient defect allows. The radial forearm is associated with higher morbidity in terms of scarring, fractures, chronic pain and wrist function and should not be considered as first choice when other flap options are available.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.338-347
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• 2001

Purpose: This is to review the cases of posterior maxillary segmental osteotomies to regain the interarch spaces for dental implants in the posterior mandible. Materials & Methods: Seven patients who presented with alveolar extrusion of upper posterior molars underwent segmental osteotomies by single-stage Kufner's buccal approach under the intravenous sedation and local anesthesia. The posterior maxillary cento-alveolar segments were repositioned upward using pre-fabricated palato-occlusal resin splints and immobilized with osteosynthesis microplates and screws. Dental implants were installated simultaneously. The regained spaces, tooth vitality, periodontal healing, relapse, tenderness on function, and complications including maxillary sinus involvements were evaluated periodically for over one year after the surgeries. Results: The single-tage procedures were completed within 80 minutes without any surgical complications. The posterior maxillary segments were repositioned upward to regain the interarch spaces ranging from 2.5 to 5.5mm. All teeth involved in the procedures keep their vitalities. The repositioned segments were maintained showing neither evidence of periodontal break-down nor tenderness to function. One patient whose segments had not been immobilized by osteosynthesis plate resulted in 2mm down-ward relapse in post-operative 8 months. A case of postoperative nasal bleeding from the posterior-lateral wall resulted in oroantral fistula and chronic maxillary sinusitis later. Conclusion: The extruded dento-alveolar segments of the posterior maxilla were repositioned properly by Kufner's one-stage segmental osteotomies. One microplate can be of help to keep the position until the osseous healing enough to support the masticatory force.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.167-172
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the emotional codes of Sijo, which has been acknowledged to have excellent therapeutic function, to activate the contents of the therapy of humanities. Sijo as a function of healing forms emotional codes of therapy, which is the total of emotions, through the fusion of emotions formed during the process of appreciation of various works. This process enables the literary therapeutic activities to proceed physiologically in the human body. Just as machine learning is self-learning by cognitive functions, the coding process for encoding and re-encoding at all times operates on collections of numerous neurons in the human system. In such a process, it is predicted that amino acids are synthesized in the human body by collective encoding of emotion codes. These amino acids regulate the signaling system of the human body. In the future, if the study on the healing process as such at the contact point of humanities and human physiology proceeds, it is expected that a program of higher quality humanistic therapy will be activated.