• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.308-315
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• 2000

Headway calculation is a important mean to evaluate railway system performance. A accurate headway calculation can be needed to headway reducing being achieved line capacity increasing by regulating signals spacing without any line construction. This paper introduced the theories and algorithms of calculating headways on wayside, multi step, one step braking and moving block signalling systems and showed some results of headways.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 1996

The objective of this paper is to estimate the PCE(Passenger Car Equivalents) of various vehicle types on expressway work zones. Headway samples of 5,359 vehicles were collected in 6 work zones in the Kyungbu Expressway between September and November of 1995. Average headways of 8 vehicle types based on the vehicle classification method of the Department of Construction and Transportation were calculated. A statistical test of effects of the types of the preceding vehicles were performed for the average headways between a vehicle type preceded by other vehicle types. The results show that the effects of the type of preceding vehicles are significant (exceeded 5% and 10% significance levels) and the PCEs of heavy vehicles on expressway work zones are higher than that of basic expressway section. Therefore, different adjustment factors should be applied for heavy vehicles in estimating saturation flow rates of expressway work zones. The study also derives an equation to determine PCEs of these vehicle types.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.573-580
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• 2006

The Saturation headway is a major parameter in estimating the intersection capacity and setting the signal timing. But Existing algorithms are still far from being robust in dealing with factors related to the variation of saturation headways at signalized intersections. So this study apply the fuzzy inference system using ANFIS. The ANFIS provides a method for the fuzzy modeling procedure to learn information about a data set, in order to compute the membership function parameters that best allow the associated fuzzy inference system to track the given input/output data. The climate conditions and the degree of brightness were chosen as the input variables when the rate of heavy vehicles is 10-25 %. These factors have the uncertain nature in quantification, which is the reason why these are chosen as the fuzzy variables. A neuro-fuzzy inference model to estimate saturation headways at signalized intersections was constructed in this study. Evaluating the model using the statistics of $R^2$, MAE and MSE, it was shown that the explainability of the model was very high, the values of the statistics being 0.993, 0.0289, 0.0173 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2018

Calculating the relevant length of left turn storages in urban intersections is very crucial in road designs. A left turn lane consists of deceleration lanes and left turn storages. In this study, we developed methods for calculating relevant lengths of left turn storages that vary at each intersection using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) spatial images. Problems of conventional design techniques are applying the same number of left turn vehicles (N) using Poisson distribution without considering land use types, using a vehicle length that may not be measurable when applying the length of waiting vehicles (S), and using same storage length coefficient (${\alpha}$), 1.5, for every intersections. In order to solve these problems, we estimated the number of left turn vehicles (N) using an empirical distribution, suggested to use headways of vehicles for (S) to calculate the length of waiting vehicles (S) with a help of using UAV spatial images, and defined ranges of storage length coefficient (${\alpha}$) from 1.0 to 1.5 for flexible design. For more convenient design, it is suitable to classify two cases when possible to know and impossible to know about ratio of large trucks among vehicles when planning an intersection. We developed formula for each case to calculate left turn storage lengths of a minimum and a maximum. By applying developed methods and values, more efficient signalized intersection operation can be accomplished.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.663-670
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• 2015

In most public transportation related master plans, decisions for investment priorities are initially made by facilities with lower installation rates or lower satisfaction (performance) levels. In general, the decisions are made without conducting importance factor analysis. In this study, a combined method of importance-performance analysis (IPA) model for bus users related in travel time is proposed by using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results of the IPA for Metropolitan users show that the categories need improvement are number of bus stops, number of intersections, headways, waiting times for boarding and traffic signal operations in order. On the other hand, Non-Metropolitan uses show that the categories need improvement are traffic signal operations, waiting times for boarding, headways, bus exclusive lanes and number of intersections that is in reverse order to Metropolitan users.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the association between emotional labor and job stress in bus drivers, as well as to propose management strategies for job stress. Methods: The study was conducted in February 2013 and involved 182 bus drivers working in the Gyeonggi area. Results: emotional labor was $9.5{\pm}2.34$ on average, and job stress was higher than the median of the same indicator among Korea's workers in the areas of physical environment, job autonomy, and relationship conflicts. Factors that affected job stress was lower if the subjects' Higher values for emotional labor indicated a higher level of job stress. Conclusion: To reduce among drivers, the following measures are necessary: increase the comfort of the driver's seat within the vehicle, provide adequate rest between bus headways, provide comfortable in-house rest facilities, and establish physical training spaces to reduce musculoskeletal disorders as well as programs for reducing back pain. In addition, relationship conflicts may be relieved by increasing job autonomy as much as possible, by granting autonomous control of working hours and bus headways, as well as by banning long work hours. Moreover, various club activities, exercise programs, and counseling programs that workers can be involved in together may be beneficial. This study is significant in that it identified the relationship of the bus drivers' emotional labor and job stress, which has previously been ignored as a research topic. Through its results, this study provides baseline data for the preparation of management strategies that can address the job stress of bus drivers.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.498-508
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• 2011

First phase section of line 9 which had been constructed by first private capitalization business of Seoul city was opened on July 24, 2009. There are 25 stations of 25.5km operation distance between Gaehwa and Sinnonhyeon, running regular and express trains on the same track. The number of daily passenger demand has risen to above 200thousand passengers with record above 90% of anticipatied transport demand in 2010. The construction of second phase section(Sinnonhyeon~Bohoon Hospital : 14km, 13 stations) is currently under construction for opening in 2016. This study aims to suggest optimal operating patterns taking into consideration theoretical operating headways for regular and express trains, demand of rolling stocks mainly analyzed on record of first phase demand of line 9 and anticipated transport demand of second phase basic plan.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2292-2299
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• 2011

The CBTC(Communication Based Train Control) system, a recent train control system, is a wireless communication based train control system that is operated in the moving block system control by tracking trains in real time. In additioin, the system helps to increase the volume of traffic by shortening driving headways through controlling moving block system control. Furthermore, driverless modes are performed by controlling ATP(Automatic Train Protection)/ATO(Automatic Train Operation). In this paper, controllable elements in ATO driverless train control system, affecting comfortable ride, will be analysed and applied to CBTC train control system that developed by POSCO ICT. Finally, the test results of improved comfortable ride will be showed by appling the developed system to the Gyeong-san light rail transit test track.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1333-1337
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• 2003

The present headway on KNR lines varies from 6 to 10 minutes. Therefore, KNR would like to reduce the headway of all the lines by 4 minutes with the implementation of ERTMS/ETCS on-board system. In Korea, thanks to the operation of the High Speed Line in 2004, the bottleneck phenomenon will occur only in a few sections such as Seoul-Siheung, which will be the common route between KTX and conventional trains. Therefore, we will analyze expected braking distance and running time depending on characteristics of conventional passenger and freight trains and high speed train will be operated within electrified conventional line for comparing the headways of ATS trackside and ETRMS/ETCS on-board system within the Seoul-Siheung section.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 1990

This research addresses the effect of heavy vehicles (especially trucks) in terms of passenger car Equivalents from a capacity viewpoint. A formulation that estimate PCE in this paper is derived by introducing appropriate headway measurements into Huber's general equation for PCEs. In this equation, PCE value is expressed in terms of headways for four different kinds of pairs; pairs of leading and following vehicles ; P-P, P-T, P-T, T-T. The mean value of headway for each case is estimated through the regression analysis. Finally, the approach used in this research was compared with macroscopic approach which analyzed a speed-density relationship to evaluate PCE.