• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Autophagy is known to be associated with pathogen infection. However, the expression of autophagy-related proteins has not been studied in chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma (COM) or with cholesteatoma (CholeOM). This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between COM and CholeOM in autophagy-related gene mRNA expression. Subjects and Methods: For 47 patients with chronic otitis media, the inflammatory tissues were classified into granulation tissue (COM) or cholesteatoma (CholeOM) according to biopsy results. Results: PI3K mRNA expression (COM vs. CholeOM, mean±SD, 0.009±0.010 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004) was lower, whereas Beclin-1 mRNA expression (0.089±0.107 vs. 0.176±0.163; p=0.034) was higher in the CholeOM group. Expression of PI3K mRNA in the CholeOM group was lower than that in the COM subgroups with presence of bacteria (0.022±0.019 vs. 0.001±0.001; p=0.001), otorrhea (0.049±0.068 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004), and hearing loss over 40 dB (0.083±0.130 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.005). Conclusions: The data suggested that different autophagy proteins play important roles in chronic otitis media according to the presence or absence of cholesteatoma.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Autophagy is known to be associated with pathogen infection. However, the expression of autophagy-related proteins has not been studied in chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma (COM) or with cholesteatoma (CholeOM). This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between COM and CholeOM in autophagy-related gene mRNA expression. Subjects and Methods: For 47 patients with chronic otitis media, the inflammatory tissues were classified into granulation tissue (COM) or cholesteatoma (CholeOM) according to biopsy results. Results: PI3K mRNA expression (COM vs. CholeOM, mean±SD, 0.009±0.010 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004) was lower, whereas Beclin-1 mRNA expression (0.089±0.107 vs. 0.176±0.163; p=0.034) was higher in the CholeOM group. Expression of PI3K mRNA in the CholeOM group was lower than that in the COM subgroups with presence of bacteria (0.022±0.019 vs. 0.001±0.001; p=0.001), otorrhea (0.049±0.068 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004), and hearing loss over 40 dB (0.083±0.130 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.005). Conclusions: The data suggested that different autophagy proteins play important roles in chronic otitis media according to the presence or absence of cholesteatoma.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

Purpose: Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been a useful tool for novel gene discovery of various disease categories, further increasing the diagnostic yield. This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of WES prospectively in undiagnosed genetic diseases. Materials and Methods: WES tests were performed on 110 patients (age range, 0-28 years) with suspected rare genetic diseases. WES tests were performed at a single reference laboratory and the variants reported were reviewed by clinical geneticists, pediatricians, neurologists, and laboratory physicians. Results: The patients' symptoms varied with abnormalities in the head or neck, including facial dysmorphism, being the most common, identified in 85.4% of patients, followed by abnormalities in the nervous system (83.6%). The average number of systems manifesting phenotypic abnormalities per patient was 3.9±1.7. The age at presentation was 2.1±2.7 years old (range, 0-15 years), and the age at WES testing was 6.7±5.3 years (range, 0-28 years). In total, WES test reported 100 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants or variants of uncertain significance for 79 out of 110 probands (71.8%). Of the 79 patients with positive or inconclusive calls, 55 (50.0%) patients were determined to have good genotype-phenotype correlations after careful review. Further clinical reassessment and family member testing determined 45 (40.9%) patients to have been identified with a molecular diagnosis. Conclusion: This study showed a 40.9% diagnostic yield for WES test for a heterogeneous patient cohort with suspected rare genetic diseases. WES could be the feasible genetic test modality to overcome the diversity and complexity of rare disease diagnostics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.194-200
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• 2021

Schwannomas originate from Schwann cells, and they are the most common benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves. They can occur in most parts of the body but have a predilection for the head, the neck, and the flexor aspects of the extremities. Pancreatic schwannomas are uncommon, and only a few cases have been reported in the English literature. Approximately two-thirds of pancreatic schwannomas undergo cystic degeneration, and they should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solid pancreatic tumors with cystic changes to facilitate accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. We report a case of a pathologically proven schwannoma in the pancreatic tail with multiple cystic and hemorrhagic changes followed by a review of relevant literature.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2023

Background/Aims: Image-enhanced endoscopy can detect superficial oro-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; however, reliable endoscopy of the pharyngeal region is challenging. Endoscopy under general anesthesia during transoral surgery occasionally reveals multiple synchronous lesions that remained undetected on preoperative endoscopy. Therefore, we aimed to determine the lesion detection capability of endoscopy under general anesthesia for superficial oro-hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: This retrospective study included 63 patients who underwent transoral surgery for superficial oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma between April 2005 and December 2020. The primary endpoint was to compare the lesion detection capabilities of preoperative endoscopy and endoscopy under general anesthesia. Other endpoints included the comparison of clinicopathological findings between lesions detected using preoperative endoscopy and those newly detected using endoscopy under general anesthesia. Results: Fifty-eight patients (85 lesions) were analyzed. The mean number of lesions per patient detected was 1.17 for preoperative endoscopy and 1.47 for endoscopy under general anesthesia. Endoscopy under general anesthesia helped detect more lesions than preoperative endoscopy did (p<0.001). The lesions that were newly detected on endoscopy under general anesthesia were small and characterized by few changes in color and surface ruggedness. Conclusions: Endoscopy under general anesthesia for superficial squamous cell carcinoma is helpful for detecting multiple synchronous lesions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.52-57
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• 2013

In this study, the strain energy density, stress and deformation behaviors have been analyzed as functions of a thickness and a force area of protective helmets with and without an extruder on the top of the shell structure using the finite element method. The strain energy density in which is related to the absorption capacity of an impact energy transfer is one of a key element of the helmet safety. The FEM analyzed results show that when the impulsive force of 4,540N is applied on the top surface of the helmets, the maximum stress is linearly reduced for an increased area of impact forces. But, the maximum strain energy density has been reduced for the increased force area. The reduced strain energy density may increase the impulsive forces transferred to the head and neck of helmet wearers, which may decrease the impact energy absorption safety of the helmets. In thus, it is safer design of the helmet in which has an extruded structure on the summit surface, but the modified helmet may decrease the impact energy absorption capacity.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

Pediatric head and neck phantom, using the rate by focusing distance and grid images, Image J using the Quality Assessment and Dose Area Product compared. X-ray laboratory equipment due to the Philips Digital DIAGNOST a 110 cm FFD set and using ACE Non-grid, focusing distance 110 cm (12 : 1), 140 cm (12 : 1), 180 cm (8 : 1) Focused grid, Acryl Phantom (Fluke Model 76-2 Series Phantom) 15.24 cm, by resolution chart image acquisition, image evaluation program (Image J Ver. 1.4.3.67, USA) imaging experiments were analyzed using. Dose Area Product in the Non Grid 0.028 $mGy{\cdot}cm^2$, focusing distance 110 cm (12 : 1), the 0.129 $mGy{\cdot}cm^2$, 140 cm (12 : 1), the 0.135 $mGy{\cdot}cm^2$, 180 cm (8 : 1) was measured with a 0.110 $mGy{\cdot}cm^2$ Non Grid, focusing distance 110 cm (12 : 1), 140 cm (12 : 1), 180 cm (8 : 1) Image obtained when grid using the image J program focusing distance 110 cm with grid based on the measured SNR and PSNR Non Grid if the SNR the 17.307 dB, PSNR of the 20.002 dB, if the SNR 28.755 dB, PSNR was measured by the 31.451 dB. Image J image analysis through the streets, rather than focusing on grid by the rate that could see an increase in dose. Select the grid by a small dose rate reduction is possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.14-17
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• 2016

Hoarseness is a postoperative complication of thyroidectomy, mostly due to damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Hoarseness may also be brought about via vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) due to injury of the vocal cords from manipulations during anesthesia, as well as from psychogenic disorders and respiratory and upper-GI related infections. The clinician or surgeon should 1) document assessment of the patient's voice once a decision has been made to proceed with thyroid surgery ; 2) examine vocal fold mobility, or refer the patient to a clinician who can examine vocal fold mobility 3) examine vocal fold mobility, or refer the patient to a clinician who can examine vocal fold mobility, once a decision has been made to proceed with thyroid surgery 4) educate the patient about the potential impact of thyroid surgery on voice once a decision has been made to proceed with thyroid surgery ; 5) inform the anesthesiologist of the results of abnormal preoperative laryngeal assessment in patients who have had laryngoscopy prior to thyroid surgery ; 6) take steps to preserve the external branch of the surperior laryngeal nerve(s) when performing thyroid surgery ; 7) document whether there has been a change in voice between 2 weeks and 2 months following thyroid surgery ; 8) examine vocal fold mobility or refer the patient for examination of vocal fold mobility in patients with a change in voice following thyroid surgery ; 9) refer a patient to an otolaryngologist when abnormal vocal fold mobility is identified after thyroid surgery ; 10) counsel patients with voice change or abnormal vocal fold mobility after thyroid surgery on options for voice rehabilitation.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

This paper describes the analysis of vibration characteristics through the human body as the research for voice therapy and diagnosis. The oscillation signal is not external forces but the self-voice to be pronounced the vowels ('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u'). The experiment system consists of microphones, accelerometers and amplifiers. The input data are stored by the computer. At the same time, the voice is stored by the microphone and the vibration signal of the human body is stored by accelerometer. The 63 points are appointed in head, neck, trunk of human body. The positions and number of times are changeable by the purpose. The analysis parameters are amplitude, phase, fundamental. frequency, formant and the correlation of vibration signal and voice is measured by coherence function. The results show that the vibration signals have characteristic vibration in the positions of human body.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2007

This study was conducted in cut rose cultivation field in Goyang to evaluate pesticide exposure of farmers and the relationship between the exposure and work environment/method for cut rose farmers. Dermal exposure was assessed with patch (thin chromatography layer paper), cotton glove by body parts during mixing and spraying works in which pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate pesticide were used in 4 cut rose greenhouses located in Goyang province, checking characteristics of environment/working method at the same time. Body parts assessed were as follows ; glove : hand, patch : head, neck(front/back), chest, back, shoulder(right/left), upperarm(right/left), forearm(right/left), thigh(right/left), shin(right/left). Pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography(NPD/FID) after extracting with ethyl acetate. Exposure amount differed according to pesticide type. But after standardizing with total net weight of pesticide sprayed, there were no significant difference among pesticides. There were significant difference in exposure amount among body parts(especially exposure amount of thigh, shin were more than the others), which means exposure happen not by pesticide dispersion in air but by contact with cut rose(leaf, branch) indirectly. Walking forward during spraying made farmers more exposed than waling backward, these results means contacts with leaves/branches made exposure happen in cut rose greenhouse also. As a result, pesticide exposure in cut rose greenhouse was related with contact of leaf/branch which pesticide remained in, which made exposure pattern (especially exposure amount) differ by body parts