• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3741-3745
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• 2012

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the most common form of liver cancer. However, while it is associated frequently with hepatitis C virus (HCV) there is only an elementary understanding of its molecular pathogenesis. Methods: To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed microarray analysis on 75 surgical liver samples from 48 HCV-infected patients. Results: There were 395 differentially expressed geness between cirrhotic samples and HCC samples. Of these, 125 genes were up-regulated and 270 genes were down-regulated. We performed pathway enrichment analysis and screened as described previously. Conclusions: The differentially expressed genes might be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis through upregulating the pathways of ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, cell adhesion molecules and other cancer-related pathways, and downregulating the pathways of "complement and coagulation cascades". We hope our results could aid in seeking of therapeutic targets for HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.388-391
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• 2019

Schwannoma is a slow-growing, well-demarcated, benign soft tissue tumor of the peripheral nerve sheath. It commonly develops in the head and neck region, usually in the parapharyngeal space. In this case, a 42-year-old woman visited the outpatient department to manage a painless mass on her left cheek. She had no history of concern and no neurological symptoms were observed. In the enhanced computed tomography scan, a 2.8×2.8×1.8 cm, heterogeneously enhanced tumor was detected in the left masseter muscle. A tumor resection under general anesthesia was planned. For the resection, a facelift incision was chosen; branches of the facial nerve were identified and retrogradely dissected. A well-marginated, yellowish, solid mass was found in the left masseter muscle. The mass was excised and given a histopathological diagnosis of schwannoma. A definite diagnosis of schwannoma, originating in the masseter muscle, is difficult to arrive at with radiographic findings alone; it is often misdiagnosed as intramuscular hemangioma. Histopathological examinations, including fine-needle aspiration or histological biopsy after surgery, are necessary. Using a facelift incision with retrograde facial nerve dissection, tumor resection in an intramasseteric lesion can be performed efficiently, without nerve damage, or leaving conspicuous scars on the face.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2012

Fatal injuries and deaths have occurred resulting from the operation or disassembling of a powder extinguishers in Korea. If a rusted powder extinguisher is exploded during operation or disassembling, it rises to the air like a rocket and hits a head, chest, or neck part of an operator, resulting in his (her) death or injury. In this study examines the explosion accident cases of a powder fire extinguisher and analyzes their causes, reactions to explosion, and precautionary measures. And in this paper suggests 1) no using of old fire extinguishers in fire drill or education, 2) education and public information on danger of old fire extinguishers, 3) indication of explosion danger to cartridge-type dry chemical powder fire extinguishers had already placed to buildings etc., 4) obligatory indication of durable years on fire extinguishers, 5) examination for introduction of system that do hydraulic pressure test about fire extinguishers that given period past, 6) construction of system that reclaim old fire extinguishers, 7) construction of system that recycle or reuse old fire extinguishers, and 8) operation of help desk related to old fire extinguishers as precautionary measure of fire extinguisher explosion accidents.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.148-162
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• 1994

A Literature study was done for identifying the effects of Bloodletting on C.V.A. The major results of the study were as follows. 1. The frequency of points of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order Twelve well point, Ship son, Gold SalivaJade Fluid, Paekoe, Chungchung, Sugu, Sosang, Taechu, Wijung, Kwanchung, etc. 2. The frequency of meridians of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order Extra-point, Tongmaek-kyong, Su-gworum-Shimpo-Kyong, Susoyang-Samcho-Kyong, Sutaeum-Pye-Kyong, Choktaeyang-Panggwang-Kyong. ete. 3. The frequency of the site of points of Bloodletting on C.V.A. were in order four extremities, face, neck and head, etc. 4. The effects of Bloodletting on C.V.A. is clear away heat and alleviate pain, therapy for waking up a patient from unconsciousness, dredge the meridian passage, expel wind-evil and promote blood circulation, emergency treatment for collapse, etc, 5. The effects of Bloodletting on the early stage of C.V.A. were wake up the patient from unconsciousness by clearing away the heat and The effects of Bloodletting on sequence of C.V.A. were dredge the meridian passage, 6. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Hemiplegia were in order Twelve well point, Kyonjong, Extra-point, Chok soyang-Tam-Kyong, etc. 7. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Aphasia were in order Gold Saliva Jade Fluid, Amun, Extra-point, Tongmaek-Kyong, etc. 8. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Quadriplegia were in order Ship son, Twelve well point, Koktaek, Wijung, Extra-point, Chok soyang-Tam-Kyong, etc. 9, The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Vertigo were in order Four Gods Cleverness, Tuyu. Chanjuk, Paekoe, Taeyang, Extra-point, Yang-Kyong, etc. 10. The frequency of points and meridians of Bloodletting on Headache were in order Taeyang, Paekoe, Taechu, Extra-point, Tongmaek-Kyong, Yang-Kyong, etc. 11. The points and meridians of Bloodletting on Bells palsy were Chichang, Hyopko in Yangmyong-Kyong.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.251-255
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• 2005

Radiotherapy for head and neck tumors is a viable treatment modality. However, a wide range of potentially debilitating dental complications may be accompanied by this treatment. We report two cases of developmental disturbance of permanent tooth germs after radiotherapy. The one was that of a seven-year-old girl, who had congenitally missing teeth, and microdontia of permanent tooth germs. she had received radiotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia at the age of 19 months. The other was that of a nine-year-old boy, in which congenitally missing teeth, microdontia, root hypoplasia, and enamel hypoplasia of permanent teeth were observed. He had undergone a course of radiotherapy for bilateral retinoblastoma at the age of 13 months.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 2006

The dynamic responses of human standing postural control were investigated when subjects were exposed to long-term horizontal vibration. It was hypothesized that the motion of standing posture complexity mainly occurs in the mid-sagittal plane. The motor-driven support platform was designed as a source of vibration. The AC Servo-controlled motors produced anterior/posterior (AP) motion. The platform acceleration and the trunk angular velocity were used as the input and the output of the system, respectively. A method was proposed to identify the complexity of the standing posture dynamics. That is, during AP platform motion, the subject's knee, hip and neck were tightly constrained by fixing assembly, so the lower extremity, trunk and head of the subject's body were individually immovable. Through this method, it was assumed that the ankle joint rotation mainly contributed to maintaining their body balance. Four subjects took part in this study. During the experiment, the random vibration was generated at a magnitude of $0.44m/s^2$, and the duration of each trial was 40 seconds. Measured data were estimated by the coherence function and the frequency response function for analyzing the dynamic behavior of standing control over a frequency range from 0.2 to 3 Hz. Significant coherence values were found above 0.5 Hz. The estimation of frequency response function revealed the dominant resonance frequencies between 0.60 Hz and 0.68 Hz. On the basis of our results illustrated here, the linear model of standing postural control was further concluded.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1261-1266
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• 2009

The wrinkle is a typical sign showing aging. These days lots of people want to have a young and healthy appearance and many medical doctors are studying about wrinkle cure. In fact a young face without wrinkle looks more healthy and energetic. Therefore the wrinkle cure is important at the point of medical view. This research is an investigation of several studies about wrinkle cure using acupuncture needle. We have to consider the problem of the whole body which is related 12 meridians and meridian muscles as well as topical skin and tissues. There are three parts affecting wrinkle formation and cure. The first is a meridian and meridian muscle, the second is a local muscle and fascia on the head and neck, the third is a local skin structure. There are three kinds of method to cure the wrinkle locally. The first one is the perpendicular treatment of acupuncture, called the microneedle therapy, the process of this method is that lots of microneedles stab in the skin to dermis. The second one is the transverse treatment of acupuncture. The process of this method is that an acupuncture needle inserts just under the wrinkle skin. The third one is the incision treatment of acupuncture, called subcision, the process of this method is to cut the fibrous band which connect from the facial muscle to SMS(superficial musculoaponeurotic system) using cuttable needle. The hematoma after treatment let a collagen increase.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2018

A 57-year-old woman scheduled for cochlear implant removal exhibited preoperative electrocardiographic findings of early repolarization (ER). Four episodes of transient ST segment elevations during surgery raised suspicion for vasospastic angina (VA). In the post-anesthetic care unit, the patient complained of chest discomfort and received sublingual nitroglycerin with uncertain effect. The patient refused to proceed with postoperative invasive coronary angiography, resulting in inconclusive diagnosis. Intraoperative circumstances limit the diagnosis of VA, which emphasizes the need for further testing to confirm the diagnosis. When VA is suspected in patients with underlying ER, it is reasonable to consider invasive examination to establish the diagnosis and prevent recurrence of VA. If ST changes are observed during surgery in patients with preoperative ER, careful monitoring is recommended. Due to general anesthesia, the absence of patient symptoms limits the definitive diagnosis of those with suspected VA. Therefore, additional postoperative surveillance is recommended.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.651-659
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• 2021

Background Many surgical specialties have had pioneering influences from plastic surgeons. However, many of these areas of practice have evolved to include surgeons from diverse training backgrounds. This raises the question as to whether the prominence of other specialties in clinical practice translates to greater research productivity in these areas. The objective of this paper is to investigate the publication volumes of plastic surgeons in selected areas of practice compared to surgeons from other disciplines. Methods PubMed was used to examine publication trends in areas associated with plastic surgery. Searches for the following topics were performed: head and neck reconstruction, hand surgery, breast reconstruction, ventral hernia repair, abdominal component separation, brachial plexus injury, craniofacial surgery, and aesthetic surgery. Affiliation tags were used to examine contributions from nine specialties. Web of Science was used to identify the top cited articles for the last 10 years in each area. Results Articles by non-plastic surgeons comprise the majority of the literature for all areas of practice studied except for breast reconstruction and aesthetic surgery. Despite this, plastic surgeons contributed the greatest number of top cited articles over the last 10 years for five of the areas of practice. Conclusions While plastic surgeons do not contribute the greatest proportion of articles published each year in several of the selected areas of practice, they do publish a larger number of articles that are the most cited. Plastic surgeons remain the dominant academic force in terms of volume and citations for both breast and aesthetic surgery.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.125-134
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• 2018

Purpose: The interest in the personal mobility started to grow and as the interest increases, there are growing concerns about the safety of it. The purpose of the study is to look at the types and dynamics of patients injured by the personal mobilities. Methods: This was a retrospective 2-year observational study, from January 2016 to December 2017, on the patients who visited the emergency center and the trauma center, with an injury related to driving the personal mobility. Cases of the personal mobility-related accident were collected based on electronic medical records and hospital emergency department-based injury in-depth surveillance data. Results: A total of 65 patients visited the emergency center and the trauma center, during this study period. Six patients of 50 adults admitted the alcohol consumption (12%) and two adult patients wore the helmet as the protection gear (3.1%). The number of the patients in 2017 rises three times more than the number of patients in 2016 (51 vs. 14). Injuries to the head and neck region (67.7%) was the most common, followed by the upper extremity (46.2%). Eleven patients (16.9%) were admitted to the hospital, of whom three were admitted to the intensive care unit due to intracranial hemorrhage. Nine patients underwent surgery. Conclusions: The use of the personal mobility will continue to grow and the accidents, caused by the vehicle, will increase along with it. The study showed the damage is worse than expected. Personal mobility currently has a limited safety laws and the riders are not yet fully aware of its danger. The improvement of the regulation of the personal mobility, safety education is needed.