• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2016

Objectives: According to the new Chemical Control Act from the Korean Ministry of Environment (2014-259), workers handling hazardous chemicals should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). However the act simply states in basic phrases that every worker handling one or more of the 69 listed chemicals should wear PPE and does not consider the unique hazard characteristics of chemicals and work types. The main purpose of this study is to provide basic data to revise the act to suit particular work processes and situations. Methods: The hazard rank of the substances was classified based on hazardous characteristics such as LC50 and vapor pressure using matrix analysis. The workplace exposure risk of the substances was also determined through a matrix analysis based on the previously determined hazard ranks and the demands of manual handling together with the likelihood of accident frequency of the operation combined with the exposure of workers during spill accidents. Results: To meet the demands for developing subsequent guidelines for the risk-based application of PPE in hazardous workplaces, this study sorted the 69 listed chemicals into five hazardous categories based on their LC50 and vapor pressures, and also assigned exposure categories according to exposure vulnerability for various types of work which are frequently performed throughout the life cycle of the chemicals. Conclusion: In the next study, an exposure risk matrix will be produced using the hazard rank of chemicals and workplace exposure risk, and then PPE will be selected to suit the categories of the exposure risk matrix.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.59-74
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• 1994

The hazard ratio may be useful as a descriptive measure to compare the hazard experience of a treatment group with that of a control group. In this paper, we propose a kernel estimator of hazard ratio with censored survival data. The uniform consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator are proved by using counting process approach. In order to assess the performance of the proposed estimator, we compare the kernel estimator with Cox estimator and the generalized rank estimators of hazard ratio in terms of MSE by Monte Carlo simulation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.517-531
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• 2021

The water supply facilities of Korea have achieved a rapid growth, along with the other social infrastructures consisting a city, due to the phenomenon of urbanization according to economic development. Meanwhile, the level of water supply service demanded by consumer is also steadily getting higher in keeping with economic growth. However, as an adverse effect of rapid growth, the quantity of aged water supply pipes are increasing rapidly, Bursts caused by pipe aging brought about an enormous economic loss of about 6,161 billion won as of 2019. These problems are not only worsening water supply management, also increasing the regional gap in water supply services. The purpose of this study is to classify hazard evaluation indicators and to rank the water distribution network hazard by cluster using the TOPSIS method. In conclusion, in this study, the entropy-based multi-criteria decision-making methods was applied to rank the hazard management of the water distribution network, and the hazard management ranking for each cluster according to the water supply conditions of the county-level municipalities was determined according to the evaluation indicators of water outage, water leakage, and pipe aging. As such, the hazard ranking method proposed in this study can consider various factors that can impede the tap water supply service in the water distribution network from a macroscopic point of view, and it can be reflected in evaluating the degree of hazard management of the water distribution network from a preventive point of view. Also, it can be utilized in the implementation of the maintenance plan and water distribution network management project considering the equity of water supply service and the stability of service supply.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제13권
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• pp.223-261
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• 1990

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1591-1598
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• 2014

The reviews of the balance sheet of commercial banks showed that loan item constitutes the largest portion of bank's assets. Although the sector has highest rate of profit, it possesses the greatest risk. Identifying factors that can contribute in lifting-up the loan repayment rate of customers of Hawassa district commercial bank is the major goal of this study. A sample of 183 customers who took loan from October, 2005 to April, 2012 was taken from the bank record. Kaplan-Meier estimation method and univariate Cox proportional hazard model were applied to identify factors affecting bank loan repayment rate. The result from Kaplan-Meier survival estimation revealed that the loan repayment rate is significantly related with loan type, and previous loan experience, educational level and mode of repayment. The log-rank test indicates that the survival probability of loan customers is not statistically different in repaying the loan among groups classified by sex. Moreover, the univariate Cox proportional hazard model result portrayed that educational level, having previous loan experience, mode of repayment, collateral type and purpose of loan are significantly related with loan repayment rate of customers commercial bank. Hence, banks should design loan strategies giving special emphasis on the significant factors while they are giving loans to their customers.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.125-143
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• 2001

We, in this paper, propose a kernel estimator of hazard ratio with censored survival data. The uniform consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator are proved by using counting process approach. In order to assess the performance of the proposed estimator, we compare the kernel estimator with Cox estimator and the generalized rank estimators of hazard ratio in terms of MSE by Monte Carlo simulation. Two examples are illustrated for our results.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1225-1238
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 직장암 환자들의 수술 후 재발까지의 시간 데이터에 대해 집단 간 생존함수 양상에 차이가 있는지 로그 순위 검정 결과 유의수준 10%에서 포도당 단일수송체 (GLUT1)의 수준, 수술 전 병기 (cstage), 수술 후 병기 (ypstage)에 따른 차이가 유의하며, Cox 비례위험률 모형을 이용하여 검정한 결과 가장 유의한 공변량은 포도당 단일수송체와 수술 후 병기였다. 지수분포를 따른다고 가정할 경우, 우도함수를 기반한 여러 가지 위험률 변화점을 추정하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.279-290
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• 2010

Technical countermeasures against debris flow should be established upon the risk level of the target location. Risk of debris flow should consider the hazard imposed by debris flow and vulnerability of the facilities to debris flow. In this research, we have defined the target location for risk evaluation and suggested scoring method of hazard of debris flow and vulnerability of road to debris flow. By defining risk rank into 6 categories in terms of possibility of damage during rainfall and using the risk scores of 46 debris flow cases, we have suggested risk ranking matrix. The method can be used in ranking the drainage basin adjacent to road by simply determining the hazard with vulnerability score and can be used for planning the debris flow countermeasures.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.122-129
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• 1997

지하저장탱크에서 누출된 유기화합물은 인근의 토양과 지하수를 오염시키고 있다. 지하저장탱크를 관리하기 위해서는 탱크로 인한 환경 위해가능성을 파악할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 지하저장탱크의 상대적 위해성을 추정할 수 있는 예비평가체계를 구축하였다. 지하저장탱크에 대한 위해성 예비평가체계를 평가인자의 선정, 평가인자의 계층구조화, 평가인자별 가중치 설정, 위해가능성 총점수 산정, 위해성평가 등 다섯 단계로 구성하였다. 구축된 예비평가체계를 서울시 관악구 소재 주유소에 적용하였고, 지리정보시스템을 이용하여 평가한 결과, 사례지역의 주유소는 위해가능성에 따라 세가지로 분류되는데 상대적으로 위해성이 높은 7개소의 주유소가 파악되었다. 또한 민감도 분석을 통하여 가중치 변화에 영향을 받지 않고 위해성이 높게 나타나는 4개소의 주유소를 파악하였다. 본 평가체계는 계층구조와 쌍대비교에 의한 가중치설정기법을 도입하였으므로 사용자가 자신의 전문적인 경험에 따라 본 평가체계를 유연하게 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 하지만 앞으로 현장조사결과와 비교하여 평가체계를 검증하고 갱신하는 작업이 수행되어야 할 것이다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.113-123
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• 1996

Data-dependent (adaptive) choice of asymptotically efficient score functions for rank estimators and M-estimators of regression parameters in a linear regression model with left-truncated and right-censored data are developed herein. The locally adaptive smoothing techniques of Muller and Wang (1990) and Uzunogullari and Wang (1992) provide good estimates of the hazard function h and its derivative h' from left-truncated and right-censored data. However, since we need to estimate h'/h for the asymptotically optimal choice of score functions, the naive estimator, which is just a ratio of estimated h' and h, turns out to have a few drawbacks. An altermative method to overcome these shortcomings and also to speed up the algorithms is developed. In particular, we use a subroutine of the PPR (Projection Pursuit Regression) method coded by Friedman and Stuetzle (1981) to find the nonparametric derivative of log(h) for the problem of estimating h'/h.