• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to analyze the changes of crown fire hazard possibility from the effects of forest tending works (FTW) in Pinus densiflora stands in Korea. The study sites were located in Youngju (FTW) and Bonghwa (Control) areas. Ten representative sample trees were destructively felled at each areas to analyze the crown fuel characteristics. The results of this study showed that crown fuel moisture content in Youngju and Bonghwa areas were 103.6% and 104.4%, respectively. The needles and twigs with less than 1cm diameter accounted 50.3% of the total crown fuel load in Youngju area and 62.0% in Bonghwa area. On the other hand, it was observed in Youngju that the canopy bulk density was $0.11kg/m^3$ lower but have 1.3 m higher average canopy base height therefore having a possibility of lower crown fire hazard as compared to Bonghwa that had higher canopy bulk density and lower canopy base height.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.5-32
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is analyze the pattern and factors affecting the shelter exit and the patterns of homeless women in Korea. For this study, survey data were collected from 139 sheltered homeless women in Seoul in May of 2007. And respondent's exit time and exit pattern from the shelter were investigated through administration data of shelter in December of 2008. Life table analysis, Cox-proportional hazard analysis and competing risk survival analysis were employed in order to analyze data. The major findings were as follows. First, life table analysis shows that the exit ratio of homeless women started to fall sharply in 24 months from entry into shelter. Second, subjective health status, ratio of the homeless in social network and shelter entry with children affected the likelihood of shelter exit of homeless women. Third, age, subjective health status, depression and shelter entry with children affected the likelihood of positive exit. And ratio of the homeless in social network affected the likelihood of negative exit. Based on these findings, this study implied the introduction of case management service concerning individual shelter exit plan and policy for residential stability of homeless women.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

Recently our nature of environment has destroyed by a large scaled forest fire. In order to manage these forest fires, forecasting of it is considered as the most important thing. In this paper the database related to forest fire was first built and the efficient forest fire information management system was implemented by using GIS. The main goal of this system is that forest fire managers have GUI(graphic user interface) to analyze data of forest fire effectively and update and retrieve information in database. For the efficient GUI, this system is built in Visual Basic 6.0 and Map Object 2.0. Map Object 2.0 is combined to have various and powerful functionality of GIS analysis as component ware. The Oracle 8.0 is used as DBMS in this study to manage all the spatial and attributed information in database effectively. In the future, this system will play a critical role as making a decision supporting system for scientific forest fire protection and help real time forest fire hazard information offers service for public welfare administration business management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.347-362
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• 2009

The United Nation agreed to adopt the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) until 2008 to solve the significant differences enough to result in different labels or MSDS for the same chemical in different jurisdictions. Though the GHS is an ideal solution in the respect of pursuing only one format of a MSDS throughout the world, it may cause confusion at the beginning due to lack of information. So the Korean Ministry of Labor (MOL) revised the Industrial Safety and Health Act (ISHA) and related public notice on the classification & labelling of chemicals according to the GHS in 2006. The transition period for the implementation of the GHS for substances was set until Jun 30, 2010, and for mixtures until Jun 30, 2013. To promote the implementation of the GHS in Korea, we developed an application program for constructing MSDS database and a management program for providing MSDS contents on the web in accordance with the GHS. We analyzed the sixteen sections of MSDS by the GHS guideline, and the result showed the necessity to construct logically connected DB for chemical identifier, hazard classification, label, standard phrases and regulatory information. Each section of a MSDS was divided into sub-databases to update the database efficiently. According to Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), the sub-databases were automatically assembled and subsequently a full MSDS is produced. At present, MSDS database for 6,314 substances has been built and provided through internet as the MSDS Editing program. During the service period from January 1 to March 31, 13,666 users have searched MSDSs for 33,401 substances. During program review, some comments about the classification results and other MSDS element sources were reported but no technical bug reported. We expect that the MSDS DB management system in accordance with GHS will accelerate the implementation of the GHS in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to understand the management level of pathogenic bacteria in HACCP system implemented animal farms. Microbial samples were collected from manure, floor, compost depot, manure on belt, low milk tank, dust in laying house and egg collector in HACCP system implemented Korean beef cattle, dairy cattle, swine, and laying Hens farms. O157, O111 and O26 strains of E. coli were not detected in HACCP system implemented Korean beef cattle farm. The detection rate of E. coli from manure and floor in HACCP system implemented cattle farms (Korean beef cattle and dairy farm) was lower than those of non-HACCP system implemented cattle farm. Salmonella spp. was detected in HACCP system implemented cattle farms (Korean beef cattle and dairy farm). Compared with pervious studies, lower detection rate of Salmonella spp. at floor and compost depot in HACCP system implemented swine and commercial layer farms were indicated. In conclusion, implementation of HACCP system in animal farms would enhance the management level of biological hazard compare to normal animal farms.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2007

A survey on sanitary management at 98 food service institutions located in Jeollabuk-Do were conducted. Food service institutions included 13 hospitals, 38 schools, 40 enterprises, and 7 others. The sterilization in boiling water was used for disinfection of tableware, spoon and chopsticks, and dish towel. Cooking kit, refrigerator, chopping board, and knife were sterilized with disinfectant. Frequency of sanitary training program on employees was 56.1% for 1 time/month, 12.2% for 2-3 times/month, and 11.3% for 1 time/week. Preparing ratio of defrosting, warehouse and rest room, and washing and sterilization diary were 73.8, 60.5, and 54.5%, respectively. However, checking ratio of environments (9.5%), personal sanitation (10.8%), and sanitary training program diary(8.4%) were low. Major obstacle factors on the introduction of Hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system into food service institutions were lack of equipment and facilities (54.1%) and lack of understanding and data on HACCP system (17.3%). Therefore, in order to reduce the outbreak of food-borne diseases increasing frequency, we estimated that the introduction of sanitary management system and the conversion of dietician' perception on sanitary managements in food service institutions were needed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

In Korea, local governments have decided the location of shelters as part of their disaster planning. However, no quantitative standards, such as assuming different hazard and shelter types, shelters' capacity, are specified in that planning. To propose the direction of disaster evacuation policy, first of all, the current state of shelters' location and evacuation area is needed to be analyzed. In addition, considering topographical condition such as road slope and physical strength by age are important factors to measure optimal evacuation route. The purpose is to suggest a new methodology of estimating optimal evacuation route considering resistance of road slope and difference of walking speed by age. Moreover, as a case study of Seoul, Korea, using coverage analysis of GIS analysis tool, the accessible area (or vulnerable area) to the shelters is evaluated based on the spatial distribution of disaster evacuation shelters and their accommodation capacity, according to evacuation time within 7.5, 15 and 30 minutes. The main results are summarized as follows: 1) The average area of disaster evacuation shelter per person is calculated as 0.45 square meters. Considering that the minimum shelters' area per person is 1 square meters, only 45% of people in Seoul can be accommodated. 2) The ratio of inhabitants who live in accessible area within 7.5 minutes presents only 33% of all. Furthermore, the ratio of inhabitants by age group of 5~9 or over 65 years old shows significantly lower percentage in comparison with 15~49 years old people.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.33-56
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• 2007

Use of chemicals has greatly increased along with development of human civilization. Concerns about potential effects of chemicals on human health and environment have also grown accordingly. Due to the enormous number of chemicals being used, however, it is neither practical nor feasible to regulate all the chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify chemicals that deserve more immediate attention, based on the effects on receptors to be protected. This study was initiated by the need for developing management policies for Shihwa-Banwol Techno Valley and its vicinities of korea, where complaints and concerns on environmental contamination have been raised for long time. This study to identifies major chemicals that deserve most immediate attention in environmental health management in this area. For this purpose, the study employed CHEMS-1(Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), and used chemical data from Toxics Release Inventory(TRI) and environmental contamination data from the environmental pollution monitoring network. Top priority pollutants identified in Shihwa-Banwol Techno Valley area were metals and volatile organic compounds, such as dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, diazinon, tetrachloroethylene, chromium compounds, tin compounds, chloroacetic acid, ethyl acetate, and zinc compounds, in an order of decreasing importance. An evaluation of physicochemical properties of the priority chemicals and the environmental pollution monitoring network database in Shihwa-Banwol Techno Valley suggested that the media that are of potential concern would be the atmosphere and aquatic environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 2011

The sediment removal index derived from the chemical contaminants, $CI_{HC}$, is currently in use to identify and define the spatial extent of the contaminated sediments in the sea. In order to analyze the sensitivity of the ecological and human risk associated with contaminated sediment, we evaluated five hypothetical contaminated sediments, whose $CI_{HC}$ values are identical but consisted of different contaminant contents, using $TrophicTrace^{(R)}$ model dedicated to evaluate sediment risk, against the resident greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) and humans by calculating No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level based Toxicity Quotient (NOAEL TQ) and Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level based Toxicity Quotient (LOAEL TQ), and cancer risks and hazard indices (HI), respectively, based on the site conceptual model and exposure assumptions of fish ingestion to human receptor populations. NOAEL and LOAEL TQ values varied as much as a factor of 2 among 5 hypothetical sediments. Chemical element specific contribution to the carcinogenic risk and HI varied also greatly in these sediments. The reason for this significant dissimilarity in ecological and human risk stems from the different risk of each contaminant to the resident fish and human receptor. When the conceptual food web model is constructed for the target biological species for a given site, the ecological and human risk analysis considering trophic transfer of contaminants will add a ecosystem based tool for the management of contaminated sediments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of forest management activities on canopy fuel characteristics for Pinus densiflora stands in South Korea. We used 1,085 managed stands data and 349 unmanaged stands data of the National Forest Inventory for this study, and it was estimated by using the Weibull function for the growth of stand and canopy fuel characteristics. Comparing the canopy fuel characteristics for the managed stands and unmanaged stands shows that the average canopy fuel load is about 14% higher than that of managed stands, and the canopy bulk density is also approximately 16% higher. The results of comparing growth projections for 40 years, 50 years and 60 years with the Weibull function are as follows: Over time, managed stands was predicted the maximum number of medium and large class diameter, while unmanaged stands was predicted maximum number of small and medium class diameter. From a fire fuel perspective, unmanaged stands are predicted to be of the type small class diameter and high density, which is a good condition for crown fire. In addition, Canopy fuel load, Canopy bulk density is relatively higher than managed stands, indicating that the possibility of high crown fire hazard.