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The Spatial Location Analysis of Disaster Evacuation Shelter for Considering Resistance of Road Slope and Difference of Walking Speed by Age - Case Study of Seoul, Korea

도로경사와 연령별 보행속도 차이를 고려한 자연재난 대피소의 입지분석 - 서울시 사례분석

  • Received : 2015.05.07
  • Accepted : 2015.06.19
  • Published : 2015.06.30

Abstract

In Korea, local governments have decided the location of shelters as part of their disaster planning. However, no quantitative standards, such as assuming different hazard and shelter types, shelters' capacity, are specified in that planning. To propose the direction of disaster evacuation policy, first of all, the current state of shelters' location and evacuation area is needed to be analyzed. In addition, considering topographical condition such as road slope and physical strength by age are important factors to measure optimal evacuation route. The purpose is to suggest a new methodology of estimating optimal evacuation route considering resistance of road slope and difference of walking speed by age. Moreover, as a case study of Seoul, Korea, using coverage analysis of GIS analysis tool, the accessible area (or vulnerable area) to the shelters is evaluated based on the spatial distribution of disaster evacuation shelters and their accommodation capacity, according to evacuation time within 7.5, 15 and 30 minutes. The main results are summarized as follows: 1) The average area of disaster evacuation shelter per person is calculated as 0.45 square meters. Considering that the minimum shelters' area per person is 1 square meters, only 45% of people in Seoul can be accommodated. 2) The ratio of inhabitants who live in accessible area within 7.5 minutes presents only 33% of all. Furthermore, the ratio of inhabitants by age group of 5~9 or over 65 years old shows significantly lower percentage in comparison with 15~49 years old people.

우리나라 대피시설의 종류는 재난유형별 대피계획에 따라 구분된다. 자연재난 대피의 경우, 시 군 구별로 수립되는 '안전관리계획'에 대피소의 입지 및 대피에 관한 사항이 포함된다. 그러나 인구수용이 용이하고 구조상 안전한 건축물을 지정하도록 되어 있을 뿐 대피소의 입지나 규모 등에 대한 정량적 기준은 마련되어 있지 않다. 따라서 현실적인 대피계획 수립을 위해서는 자연재난 대피소의 분포 및 대피면적에 대한 현황 분석이 우선시 되어야 한다. 도로경사 등 지형요소와 연령별 신체능력의 차이는 도보 대피 시 신속한 대피경로 분석을 위한 주요 요인이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지형요소와 연령별 보행속도 차이를 고려한 3차원 기반의 최적 대피경로 산정방법을 제시하고, 서울시를 대상으로 기준 대피시간(7.5, 15, 30분)별 대피소 커버권역의 지역적 차이 분석을 통해 자연재난 대피소의 입지 문제점과 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 주요 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서울시 인구 1인당 평균대피면적은 $0.45m^2$로 분석되었다. 이는 최소 대피면적을 $1m^2$로 가정했을 때 서울시 전체 인구의 45%만 수용 가능하다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 기준 대피시간 7.5분 이내에 대피 가능한 인구비율은 서울시 전체 인구의 33%에 불과하였다. 셋째, 5~9세 어린이나 65세 이상 노인의 대피가능 인구비율은 15~49세 기준 보행속도 그룹에 비해 현저히 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다.

Keywords

References

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