• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2022.06a
• /
• pp.1209-1216
• /
• 2022

The majority of construction site incidents occur due to a lack of hazard awareness among workers on job sites. This lack of awareness is despite mandatory construction safety training, typically in the form of written content (safety manuals) or of images depicting hazards. To reduce job-site injuries and fatalities, general contractors have started adopting Virtual Reality (VR) to impart safety training to job site personnel. VR safety training can take the form of an immersive simulation comprising potential safety hazards intentionally embedded into a virtual job site; users are required to identify these hazards within a specified time frame with the expectation that they will be more adept at recognizing hazards on an actual job-site, resulting in fewer accidents. This research study seeks to identify the actual impacts of VR on construction safety awareness among participants. The research addresses the following question: Does VR improve hazard recognition awareness? The primary objective is to evaluate participants' performance of past construction safety awareness against present construction safety awareness after receiving VR training. Participants were asked to complete a multiple-choice Qualtrics™ questionnaire. The results of the study showed a statistically significant knowledge gain advantage with respect to hazard recognition and construction safety awareness with the use of interactive, immersive VR over a more conventional and passive safety training method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.565-576
• /
• 2024

In this study, the earthquake risk assessment of single-story RC precast buildings in Turkey was carried out using loss curves. In this regard, Kocaeli, a seismically active city in the Marmara region, and this building class, which is preferred intensively, were considered. Quality and period parameters were defined based on structural and geometric properties. Depending on these parameters, nine main sub-classes were defined to represent the building stock in the region. First, considering the mean fragility curves and four different central damage ratio models, vulnerability curves for each sub-class were computed as a function of spectral acceleration. Then, probabilistic seismic hazard analyses were performed for stiff and soft soil conditions for different earthquake probabilities of exceedance in 50 years. In the last step, 90 loss curves were derived based on vulnerability and hazard results. Within the scope of the study, the comparative parametric evaluations for three different earthquake intensity levels showed that the structural damage ratio values for nine sub-classes changed significantly. In addition, the quality parameter was found to be more effective on a structure's damage state than the period parameter. It is evident that since loss curves allow direct loss ratio calculation for any hazard level without needing seismic hazard and damage analysis, they are considered essential tools in rapid earthquake risk estimation and mitigation initiatives.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2015

The incidents related to transporting hazardous materials may cause serious impacts on neighborhood and surrounding areas. It is essential to have a real-time safe management system for incidents prevention of transporting hazardous materials. Currently, the system is not integrated into one channel, which makes it difficult to control an incidents response. Another problem is that event status is not appropriately shared among authorities having responsibilities taking down the incidents. This paper investigates previous studies covering the real-time safety management system for hazard material transports and suggests an integrated management system that helps communicate effectively and promptly.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2017

Process Hazard Analysis(PHA) have been performed for a risk management of process (petrochemical) industry for nearly 50 years. There are many PHA methods for application in the process industry, Hazop Study method has been recognized as a good method used typically in most of phase of process plant. And also there was inconvenient opinion that Hazop Study is too resource (man power, time etc.) consuming comparing its result performance (a quality of recommendations) for a good operating and existing plant. In this study, two types of PHA method - checklist and K-PSR - were performed respectively for a new para-xylene(PX)plant and 30 year old PX plant. Past history and experience of incident, operation, maintenance and so on are very important in PHA by those two methods. The higher effectiveness were realized in PHA by a checklist and K-PSR Method than prior Hazop study. And also some suggestions including PHA cycle determination, RBPS application, Follow-up plan of PHA result etc. were proposed about PHA improvement measures for a best risk management.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.421-427
• /
• 2017

Seismic safety evaluation of weir structure is significant considering the catastrophic economical consequence of operational disruption. In recent years, the seismic probabilistic risk assessment (SPRA) has been issued as a key area of research for the hydraulic system to mitigate and manage the risk. The aim of this paper is to assess the seismic probabilistic risk of weir structures employing the seismic hazard and the structural fragility in Korea. At the first stage, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) approach is performed to extract the hazard curve at the weir site using the seismic and geological data. Thereafter, the seismic fragility that defines the probability of structural collapse is evaluated by using the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method in accordance with the four different design limit states as failure identification criteria. Consequently, by combining the seismic hazard and fragility results, the seismic risk curves are developed that contain helpful information for risk management of hydraulic structures. The tensile stress of the mass concrete is found to be more vulnerable than other design criteria. The hazard deaggregation illustrates that moderate size and far source earthquakes are the most likely scenario for the site. In addition, the annual loss curves for two different hazard source models corresponding to design limit states are extracted.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2022

Background: Potato is the main crop of Ardabil Plain (accounting for one-fifth of potato production in Iran). Its health hazard risk to farmers is rising due to the increasing rate of pesticide use. The present study analyzes potato farmers' health hazard risk in the use of chemical pesticides. Methods: The rate of pesticide use by farmers (n = 370) was first compared with the recommended dosage (on pesticide label). Then, a composite index was employed to estimate the health hazard risk of farmers during pesticide use, and the variables accounting for pesticide overuse and nonoveruse were analyzed. Safety behavior was examined in four steps, namely of pesticide purchase and storage, preparation, application, and postapplication. Results: It was found that 74.6 percent of potato farmers used pesticides in higher concentrations than the recommended dosage. The higher average rate of pesticide use versus recommendation (label instruction) was related to Chlorpyrifos and Trifluralin, and the highest average health hazard risk among farmers was related to the use of Chlorpyrifos and Metribuzin. Farmers with a higher risk of health hazard displayed much lower safety behavior than the other farmers at all steps of pesticide use. Conclusion: The most important variables discriminating the health hazard risk of farmers' overuse included health behavior identity, attitude, knowledge and awareness, and cues to action. Therefore, using social media, holding local exhibitions, and engaging local leaders and skilled farmers in the region to improve farmers' attitudes and health behavior identity toward the dangers of chemical pesticides can play a significant role in motivating farmers' display of overuse preventive behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2023

The Severe Disaster Punishment Act had recently been established in order to promote safety and health (OSH) management system for severe accident prevention. OSH management system is primarily designed based on risk assessments; however, companies in industries have been experiencing difficulties in hazard identification and selecting proper measures for risk assessments and accident prevention. This study intended to introduce an accident analysis method based on epidemiological model in finding hazard and preventive measures. The accident analysis method employed in this study was proposed by the U.S. Department of Energy. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the accident analysis method, this study applied it to two accident cases occurred in construction and manufacturing industries. The application process and results of this study can be utilized in improving OSH management system and preventing severe accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 1992.04b
• /
• pp.371-380
• /
• 1992

본 논문에서는 어떤 공정이 일반적인 확률분포를 따른다는 가정하에, 시뮬레이션에 의한 CUSUM챠트의 ARL을 추정하는 방법에 관하여 기술하였다. 추정치에 대한 분산을 최소화하기 위하여 TOTAL HAZARD방법을 적용하였으며, 지수분포를 따르는 공정에 대하여 HAZARD 및 CYCLE추정치와 분산감소법을 적용하지 않았을 경우의 추정치와 비교분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.615-618
• /
• 2004

The previous quantitative bankruptcy prediction models cannot include time dimension. To overcome this limit, various dynamic models using survival analysis are developed recently. This paper emphasizes that the proportionality assumption must be adapted with caution when the Cox's proportional hazard model is used to explain bankruptcy. It is shown that a non-proportional hazard model including a change point model is a proper alternative, when the proportionality assumption is violated by the change of macroeconomic environment, such as the financial crisis in 1997.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.71-83
• /
• 2000

This paper presents accelerated life tests for Type I censoring data under probabilistic stresses. Probabilistic stress, $S_j$, is the random variable for stress influenced by test environments, test equipments, sampling devices and use conditions. The hazard rate, ,$theta_j$, is the random variable of environments and the function of probabilistic stress. Also it is assumed that the general stress distribution is uniform, the life distribution for the given hazard rate, $\theta$, is exponential and inverse power law model holds. In this paper, we obtained maximum likelihood estimators of model parameters and the mean life in use stress condition.