• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 1987

실내사육중이던 미꾸라지 친어에 생식선자극 호르몬을 복강주사하여 20시간 후인 1986년 7월 10일에 얻은 난을 인공수정시켜 난발생과정과 부화자어의 성장에 따른 형태변화에 대해 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 성숙란은 난경이 $1.04\~1.18mm$(평균 1.12mm, n=25)로 난막은 아주 얇으며, 담황색을 띤 분리침성 점착난이다. 사육수온 $25^{\circ}C$에서 수정후 약 24시간만에 첫 부화가 일어났다. 부화직후의 자어는 전장이 $2.60\~2.80mm$ 두부는 난황 앞쪽 아래에 위치하며, 근절수는 $35\~36$개 이다. 부화후 4일째의 자어는 금장이 $5.10\~5.40mm$로 난황이 완전히 흡수되고 소화관이 발달한다. 부화후 16일째의 자어는 전장이 $9.4\~10.1mm$로 각 지느러미의 기조가 분화하며, 몸전체에 걸쳐 흑색소포가 골고루 분포한다. 부화후 24일째의 자어는 전장이 $15.40\~16.40mm$로 각 기조가 정수에 달하여 치어기에 이른다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

Five seed kernel namely, Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), Pongamia (Pongamia glabra L. Pierre), Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), Mahua (Madhuca indica Gmel.) and Shikakai (Acacia cancinna De.) were tested against hatching of eggs and larval mortality of Meloidogyne incognita causing root knot disease in mulberry along with Furadan (Carbofuran) and Bionema (a bioformulation developed from Verticillium chlamydosporium) for comparison. Results revealed that highest hush-up of hatching was observed in Neem (77.40%) and Pongamia (75.99%) seed kernel extracts at 100% concentration over the check. Similarly, highest larval mortality was observed in Neem and Pongamia by 76.00% and 74.50%, respectively at 100% concentration after 72 hrs of exposure period. Pot culture studies revealed that pre-application of seed kernel powders (20 days before inoculation of nematode) found to be more effective in controlling the root knot disease than post application. In pre application of seed kernel powders, maximum reduction of root knots was observed in case of Neem seed kernel powder (54.85%) followed by Pongamia (51.9%). Similar trend was also observed in reduction of egg masses/plant and nematode population ／250 cc soil. Rest of the seed kernel extracts was found to be less effective in suppression of hatching, enhancing the larval mortality and controlling the root knot disease. However, application of Furadan and Bionema tested for the comparison were found to be more effective than seed kernel powders. The generated information seems to be useful in developing an ecofriendly integrated approach for the control of root knot nematode disease in mulberry.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.479-485
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• 2020

We evaluated the hatchability of fertilized eggs from six hybrid combinations of highly valued grouper species inhabiting temperate and warm waters, with the goal of establishing a novel hybrid with enhanced growth and viability during the culturing period in the temperate waters of Korea. Hybrid combinations with red-spotted grouper females exhibited high hatchability with high a fertilization and hatching rate of fertilized eggs and a low deformity rate of hatched larvae. Conversely, hybrid combinations with kelp grouper females had very low hatching rates and very high deformity rates; commercial production of seed from such crosses would be difficult without improving hatchability. The hatchabilities of convict grouper ♀×giant grouper ♂ and kelp grouper ♀×red-spotted grouper ♂ were lower than those of maternal purebreds, but these two hybrid combinations were expected to produce potentially large quantities of hatched larvae. In the above evaluation, promising hybrid combinations were identified for commercial production of seed. For these hybrids to contribute to the development of Korea's mariculture industry, mass production of fertilized eggs and seeds is necessary, along with the development of advanced rearing techniques, such as the identification of a suitable rearing temperature.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2008

Variations of larval abundance and hatch timing of Dungeness crabs, Cancer magister Dana 1852, were investigated. Dungeness crab larvae were monthly collected at 16 stations arrayed in four transects, Upper Chatham, Icy Strait, Cross Sound, and Icy Point, in southeastern Alaska from May to September 1997-2004. Larval abundance at all transects was the highest in June except in the Icy Point transect. Larval abundance was the highest in the Icy Strait transect, moderate in the Upper Chatham and Cross Sound transects, and the lowest in the Icy Point transect. Zoeae I(ZI) was predominated in May; thereafter ZI decreased and late zoeal stages occurred. In May and June, small numbers of late stage larvae unusually co-occurred with ZI in three transects. These late stage larvae may have been transported from where hatching occurs earlier. The timing of ZI occurrence varied interannually and was related to degreedays during the egg incubation period of Dungeness crabs: later larval hatching in 1997 and 2002 when temperatures were colder, while earlier larval hatching in 1998 when temperatures were warmer. The distribution patterns of Dungeness crab larvae in southeastern Alaska were markedly different from those reported from other areas of the species distribution ranges: larvae occurring much later in the year, and late stage larvae occurring in inland waters.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2022

This study was carried out to clarify the egg, larvae and juveniles development of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, and relationships of M. anguillicaudatus and M. mizolepis, Cobitididae Fishes. The adult fishes were collected in Samsan-cheon, Haenam-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea and their spawning inducement was carried by ovaprim injections. The egg shape was circular and the size was average 1.12 mm. The eggs were hatched at 61 to 72 h after fertilization. The newly hatched larvae had an average 3.23 mm in total length (TL). At 5 days after hatching, the larvae reached to post larval stage and they were 10.3 mm in TL. At 19 days after hatching, it reached to juvenile stage and was 25.3 mm in TL. The egg size of M. anguillicaudatus was almost same as M. mizolepis but the hatching period of M. anguillicaudatus has taken longer. It was possible for interspecific distinguishability of M. anguillicaudatus and M. mizolepis when their larvae reached to juvenile stage by the development of keel-like ridges.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.676-683
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• 2023

The development of the egg, larvae, and juveniles of Acheilognathus macropterus from the Wicheon stream of Nakdonggang River was investigated for early life history characteristics. The fish used in the study were collected from Wicheon stream located in Bian-myeon, Uiseong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The fertilized egg was 1.88±0.09 mm (n=30) in long diameter and 1.34±0.06 mm (n=30) in short diameter. After fertilization at a water temperature of 20℃, the egg took 31 h and 40 min to hatch. Newly hatched larvae had an average total length of 3.92±0.13 mm (n=30) and possessed a yolk sac the mouth and anus were not developed. Twenty days after hatching, the postflexion larvae had an average total length of 8.08±0.29 mm (n=30), with the tail tip fully bent at 45° and began feeding. Thirty-three days after hatching, the number of fin stems reached an integer with an average total length of 15.0±1.08 mm (n=30). In this study, differences in the egg size, hatching time, melanophore development period, and distribution location were confirmed between A. macropterus and allied species.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.239-247
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• 2007

관상가치와 교재생물로서 교육적인 이용도가 높은 흰동가리속 red and black clownfish Amphiprion melanopus의 인공종묘생산의 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 실험실적인 규모에서 친어를 사육하여 산란과 부화를 조사하였다. 한마리의 암컷이 2004년 4월 19일 부터 2007년 4월 16일 까지 총 48번의 산란을 하였으며, 산란 직후의 수정란의 장경은 $2.6{\sim}2.15\;mm$ (평균$2.32{\pm}0.11\;mm$, n=50), 단경은 $0.94{\sim}0.96\;mm$ ($0.94{\pm}0.001\;mm$, n=50)로 타원형이다. 수정란은 유백색으로 유구를 많이 가진 상태로 난막에 쌓여 배체의 동물극 쪽이 부착사에 의해 산란기질에 부착되어 있었다. 산란상에 대한 선택성은 red clay pot > ceramic pot > volcanic scoria > live rock으로 나타났으며, 부화율은 red clay pot에서 66%로 live rock 34%에 비하여 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 먹이종류에 대한 산란량은 Tetra bits+바지락육질+진주담치육질+astaxanthin을 혼합하여 먹인 실험구에서 $638{\pm}16.04$개로 Tetra bits만 공급한 구간 $477{\pm}28.96$ 개와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 부화를 위한 배발생의 최적 환경요인은 수온 $28^{\circ}C$, 염분 33 psu, 광주기 6L:18D로 나타났다. 갓 부화한 자어의 전장은 $3.7{\sim}4.8\;mm$ (평균 $4.6{\pm}0.14\;mm$, n=50)로 7일째 까지는 $7.5{\pm}0.60\;mm$, 14일까지는 $11.0{\pm}0.77\;mm$, 20일에는 $12.4{\pm}0.85\;mm$, 30일에는 $18.8{\pm}0.82\;mm$, 70일에는 $37.9{\pm}2.26\;mm$로 성장하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.277-283
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• 1993

In the present study, observations were made on the life-history of Lymnaea viridis under laboratory conditions, involving incubation period of the eggs and their hatching rate, shell length of the newly hatched snails, sexual maturity, size of the snails when the snail produced the first egg-mass, the number of eggs in each egg-mass, egg-laying, ovipostion, growth rate of the snails, and longevity of the snail. At temperatures between $19.8^{\circ}C$ to $22.5^{\circ}C$, incubation period of the eggs occupied 10~12 days, and after beginning of hatching, all young snails emerged completely from the egg-mass within 5 days. The hatching rate was 88%. The average shell length of the newly hatched snails was about 0.064cm. The rate of growth was extraordinarily rapid under good laboratory conditions. When two snails were reared in one culture vessel($20{\times}15{\times}5cm$) with blue-green algae at about $22^{\circ}C$, snail growth was optimal, taking 37 days to reach 1.2cm in shell length. Sexual maturity reached in about 19 days. The size of the snails at sexual maturity was $0.78{\pm}0.05cm$ in length and $0.47{\pm}0.04cm$ in width. The first egg-masses produced were $0.59{\pm}0.22cm$ in length and $0.34{\pm}0.08cm$ in width, and contained 7~38 eggs. The eggs are usually laid in water. The egg-laying was affected by food and temperature. Snails fed with blue-green algae at about $22^{\circ}C$ produced larger egg-masses than the snails fed with fish food at about $26^{\circ}C$. Under conditions of continuous activity and growth, the maximum expectation of life appears to be 109~350(mean 230) days. And the shell length of snails at death were 1.39~1.64cm.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2023

이 연구는 한강 수계 보통천에 서식하는 좀구굴치의 초기생활사를 규명하고 근연종과 유연관계를 비교하였다. 좀구굴치의 수정란은 타원형으로 평균 난경은 장경 1.23 mm, 단경 0.85 mm 였다. 수온 20.6℃에서 부화 시간은 179시간이 소요되었다. 부화자어의 크기는 전장 3.82~4.08 mm로 입과 항문이 완전히 발달하지 않았다. 후기자어기는 부화 후 18일째 전장 7.97~8.43 mm로 척색말단 끝부분이 45°로 완전히 휘어졌다. 치어기는 부화 후 29일째 전장 9.83~10.8 mm로 지느러미 줄기 수는 정수에 달하였다. 연구 결과 좀구굴치는 난 크기, 부화자어 크기, 유영형태에서 근연종과 차이를 보였다. 후기자어 이행시기와 제1등지느러미 발달 시기는 비교한 근연종 중 가장 느렸고, 크기는 큰 특징을 보여 초기생활사에서 근연종과의 차이점을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2001

전라북도 부안 연안에서 채집된 주꾸미 (Octopus ocellatus)의 산란과 부화, 생존 및 공식에 관하여 조사하였다. 주꾸미 어미의 생식소중량지수 (GSI) 는 2000년과 2001년도 모두 비슷하였고, 3월부터 증가되기 시작하여 5월에 최대값을 나타내었다. 평균 포란량은 2000년과 2001년도 모두 3-5월 조사에서 4월이 3월과 5월보다 더 높았다. 주꾸미 어미의 수층별 생존을 조사에서는 2000년도에 중층의 평균 생존을 (88.8%)이 저층 (79.3%)보다 높았고 (p = 0.002), 2001년도에도 중층의 생존율이 저층보다 높았다 ( =0.018). 구입시기별 조사에서는 산란초기 (4월 10일)의 생존율 (87.0%)이 산란중기 (5월 11일) 및 산란후기 (5월 23일) 보다 생존율이 높게 나타나 산란초기에 어미를 구입하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료되었다. 수층별 산란량 조사에서도 산란단지 당 산란량은 중층이 저층에서 보다 더 많았고, 구입시기별 산란량 조사에서는 산란초기 (2000년 4월 10일) 가 산란중기 (2000년 5월 11일) 와 산란후기 (2000년 5월 23일)보다 산란량이 많은 것으로 확인되어, 어미 주꾸미를 산란초기에 구입하는 것이 보다 좋을 것으로 사료된다. 산란된 난의 크기는 6.904 $\times$ 2.520 mm이었다. 난발생시의 수온인 11.2-21.1$^{\circ}C$ (적산수은: 892$^{\circ}C$)에서, 부화기간 (2000년 4월 17일에서 6월 7일)은 55일이 소요되었다. 수층별 부화율은 중층이 저층보다 높게 나타났다 (p = 0.004). 어미구입 시기별 산란단지 당 부화율은 산란초기와 산란중기가 산란후기보다 부화율이 높았다. 산란단지 내에서 부화는 어미가 있는 실험구 (여과해수사육)에서 부화율이 82.1%로 가장 높게 나타나 부화율을 높이기 위해서는 부화기간 중의 난 관리를 위해 어미 주꾸미가 산란단지내에 있도록 하고 여과해수를 사용하는 것이 가장 좋은 조건이라고 사료된다. 먹이별 어린 주꾸미 사육 시험은 Artemia 공급구에서 생존율 (21.6%) 이 가장 양호하였고, 공식 방지 효과조사를 위한 은신처별 사육시험에서는 굴수하연 수하구에서 생존율(15.7%) 이 가장 양호하였다.