• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.281-296
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• 2021

This article analyzed the modulus degradation of concrete subjected to multi-level compressive cyclic loading. The evolution of secant elastic modulus is investigated based on measurements from top loading platen and LVDT in the middle part of concrete. The difference value of the two secant elastic moduli is reduced when close to failure and could be used as a fatigue failure precursor. The fatigue hardening is observed for concrete during cyclic loading. When the maximum stress is smaller the fatigue hardening is more obvious. The slight increase of maximum stress will lead to the "periodic hardening". The tangent elastic modulus shows a specific "bowknot" shape during cyclic loading, which can characterize the hysteresis of stress-strain and is influenced by the cyclic loading stresses. The deterioration of secant elastic modulus acts a similar role with respect to the P-wave speed during cyclic loading, can both characterize the degradation of the concrete properties.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2023

Since the first family of structure-dependent methods can simultaneously integrate unconditional stability and explicit formulation in addition to second order accuracy, it is very computationally efficient for solving inertial problems except for adopting auto time-stepping techniques due to no nonlinear iterations. However, an unusual stability property is first found herein since its unconditional stability interval is drastically different for zero and nonzero damping. In fact, instability might occur for solving a damped stiffness hardening system while an accurate result can be obtained for the corresponding undamped stiffness hardening system. A technique of using a stability factor is applied to overcome this difficulty. It can be applied to magnify an unconditional stability interval. After introducing this stability factor, the formulation of this family of structure-dependent methods is changed accordingly and thus its numerical properties must be re-evaluated. In summary, a large stability factor can result in a large unconditional stability interval but also lead to a large relative period error. As a consequence, a stability factor must be appropriately chosen to have a desired unconditional stability interval in addition to an acceptable period distortion.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2009

Die steel for plastic molding were used as mold material of automobile parts and electronic component industry. The material of this paper has superior to mechanical properties, such as repair weldability, corrosion resistance and high temperature strength, required mold parts for semitransparent. Laser-induced surface hardening technology is widely adopted to improver fatigue life and wear resistance via localized hardening at the surface of mold parts. The objective of this research work is to investigate on the characteristics of surface hardening of the laser process parameters, such as beam travel speed, laser power and defocsued spot position, for the case of die steel for plastic molding. Lens for surface hardening of large area is plano-convex type with elliptical profile to maintain uniform laser irradiation. According to the experimental results, large size of hardened layer at the surface of die steel for plastic molding was achieved, and microstructure of this layer was lath martensite. Optimal surface status and mechanical property of hardened layer could be obtained at 1095Watt, $0.25{\sim}0.3m/min$, 0mm (focal length: 232mm) for laser power, beam travel speed, and focal position. Where, heat input was $0.793{\times}10^{3}J/cm^2$, and width of hardened layer was 27.58mm.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2018

이 본 연구에서는 메타카올린을 혼입한 초속경 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트의 압축, 휨, 부착강도, 수밀성, 염화물 이온 침투 저항성,탄산화 깊이 및 동결융해 저항성에 미치는 폴리머-결합재비 및 메타카올린 첨가량의 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 그 결과, 초속경 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트의 휨, 압축 및 부착강도는 폴리머-결합재비의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 폴리머-결합재비에 관계없이, 초속경 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트의 강도는 메타카올린 첨가량의 증가에 따라 증가하였으며, 메타카올린 첨가량 5%에서 최고 값을 나타내었다. 초속경 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트의 흡수율, 탄산화 깊이 및 염화물이온 침투저항성은 폴리머-결합재비의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 초속경 폴리머 시멘트 콘크리트의 동결융해 저항성의 개선은 폴리머 에멀젼의 혼입에 의해 시멘트 수화물과 골재간의 접착성이 개선되기 때문이라 판단된다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 시험적 연구를 통해 초속경 복합매트의 물성을 제시하고, 수치해석적 연구를 통해 지반조건, 강우량, 비탈면 기울기, 성토 높이 등에 따른 초속경 복합매트의 비탈면 보호효과를 분석한 연구를 다루었다. 그 결과 모든 조건에서 초속경 복합매트를 적용할 경우 비탈면 안전율은 증가하였으며, 안전율 증가율은 건기 시와 우기 시 모두 평균 40%의 증가율을 보였다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 초속경 복합매트의 비탈면 보호효과를 입증하였으며, 초속경 복합매트는 비탈면 유실 및 붕괴가 예상되는 구간에 적용하기 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.925-928
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• 2008

최근 내진부재 및 기존 구조물의 내진보강요소의 손상제어(Damage tolerance)성능을 충족할 수 있는 변형경화형 시멘트 복합체(Strain-hardening cement composites, SHCC)의 개발 및 활용 연구가 진행 중이며, 하이브리드화에 따른 경제성 및 성능향상 가능성도 보고되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 우수한 성능을 갖는 SHCC 재료가 실구조물의 보수/보강재 및 내진보강부재에 적용되기 위해서는 우수한 인장성능 발현뿐만 아니라, 보강섬유의 단가를 고려한 경제적 효과(Economical efficiency) 및 시공성 (Workability)이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 SHCC를 내진부재 및 보강재료로써 적용하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 합성섬유를 하이브리드하여 혼입시 휨 및 인장강도, 변형능력 등 거동특성을 분석함으로써 각 보강섬유의 인장강도 탄성계수 등 기계적 특성과 혼입율에 따른 재료성능과의 상관관계를 비교 분석하여 평가하고자 한다. 또한 물시멘트비를 변수로 하여 시멘트 복합체의 강도특성과 보강섬유의 부착특성 및 균열제어성능을 규명하고자 한다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 향후 SHCC 재료의 실구조물 적용시 요구성능 및 경제성을 고려한 재료배합에 관한 기초자료를 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2012

변형경화형 시멘트 복합체(SHCC)는 직접인장 상황에서 FRCCs에 비해 우수한 변형경화 특성을 갖는 재료이다. 하지만 SHCC는 일반적인 콘크리트에 비해서 시멘트비율이 높은 부배합 이며, 이에 따라서 자기수축이 큰 특성을 갖는 재료이다. 따라서 시멘트 복합체 내에 팽창재를 대체함으로써 수축저감을 통한 성능향상을 기대하였다. 이 연구에서는 각 강도별 SHCC의 배합에 팽창재를 대체함에 따른 역학적특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 시험결과 설계기준 압축강도 70MPa 배합이 압축, 인장, 휨, 시험에서 우수한 역학적 특성을 나타내었으며, 균열 특성에서는 팽창재를 대체한 SHCC가 균열분산 및 연성에서 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.438-443
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• 2005

Laser surface hardening is an effective technique used to improve the tribological properties and also to increase the service life of automobile components such as camshafts, crankshatfs, lorry brake drums and gears. High power CO2 lasers and Nd:YAG lasers are employed for localized hardening of materials and hence are of potential application in the automobile industries. The heat is conducted rapidly into the bulk of the specimen causing self-quenching to occur and the formation of martensitic structure. In this investigation, the microstructure features occurring in Nd:YAG laser hardening SM45C steel are discussed with the use of optical microscopic and scanning electron microscopic analysis. Moreover, This paper describes the optimism of the processing parameters for maximum hardened depth of SM45C steel specimens of 3mm thickness by using CW Nd:YAG laser. Travel speed was varied from 0.6m/min to 1.0m/min. The maximum hardness and case depth fo SM45C steel are 780Hv and 0.4mm by laser hardening.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.683-688
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• 2007

Surface heat treatment of SM45C round bar by diode laser was simulated to find it's condition by using commercial finite element code MARC. Due to axisymmetric geometry, a quarter of model for SM45C round bar was considered and user subroutines were applied to boundary condition for the heat transfer. Material properties such as conductivity, specific heat and mass density were given as a function of temperature. Rotation speed of round bar and feed rate of beam were considered to design heat source model. Shape parameter values of heat source were determined by beam profile. As results, Three dimensional heat source model for diode laser beam conditions of surface hardening has been designed by the comparison between the finite element analysis results and experimental data on SM45C round bar. Diode laser surface hardening for SM45C round bar was successfully simulated and it should be useful to determine optimal heat treatment condition.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2003년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.383-386
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• 2003

In this study, the MMA-modified paste mixed waste rubber powder, which has a small elastic modulus and a large modification, was produced by using the soft unsaturated polyester resin(UP) as a binder. Then the adhesive properties according to the matrices in both underwater and air-dry conditions and the hardening shrinkage according to the contents of shrinkage reducing agent(SRA) and of MMA were surveyed. The experimental results show that, regardless of humidity of matrices the adhesive strength of polymer concrete was larger than cement concrete. the adhesive strength of MMA content of 20% was larger than MMA content of 30%. regardless of matrix materials the adhesive strength in water condition were $20{\sim}30%$ comparing with the air-dry condition. The case of MMA content of 20% showed the largest adhesive strength. In the hardening shrinkage experiment, the hardening shrinkage reduced as MMA and SRA contents increased, and the decrease of the hardening shrinkage by SRA was larger.