• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1988

수도권과 농어촌 주부들 677명을 대상으로 하여 선호식물을 조사한 결과와 이 결과에 따른 수도권과 농어촌간의 상관관계는 다음과 같다. 수도권과 농어촌 주부들 간에 가장 선호하는 주식은 밥류중 쌀밥이었고, 국수류중 냉면이었으며, 부식은 쇠고기국, 된장찌개, 갈비구이, 쇠고기, 깻잎장아찌, 새우튀김, 배추김치 등이었으며, 음료는 수정과, 차류는 코피, 과자류는 약과, 건강식품류중에서는 인삼이었다. 수도권과 농어촌 주부들 간에 장아찌류는 완전상관 관계에 있는 반면, 빵류, 과실류, 나물류 그리고 탕류 등은 역상관계에 있었다. 그외 차류, 건상식품류, 볶음류, 과자류, 국수류, 찜류, 튀김류, 밥류, 김치류, 떡류, 조림류 및 음료류는 대체로 선호식품에 대하여 상관관계가 있었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.648-655
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• 2016

Purpose: This study investigated the salt and sodium content of lunch meals served at foodservice center for children in Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do. Methods: Five foodservice centers for children registered at Center for Children's Foodservice Management were investigated for salt and sodium content and salt content contributing rate per meal. Results: Average salt content of every meal was $1.78{\pm}0.54g$, and average sodium content was $680.99{\pm}175.97mg$. The 98 of 100 meals served in 5 foodservice centers for children exceeded the dietary reference intakes for Koreans' recommendation for adequate intake of sodium per meal of 333 mg. The highest sodium content was 1,369.85 mg. Samples from lunch meals were classified into 14 food items and investigated for one serving size, salinity, salt and sodium content. Total average salinity was 0.31%, kimchi (0.49%), followed by soup (0.45%), hard-boiled foods (0.39%), stir-fried foods (0.39%), and fresh-vegetables (0.32%). Total average salt content was 0.39 g, the most salty dishes were one-dish rice noodles, followed by soup (0.65 g), hard-boiled foods (0.49 g), stir-fried foods (0.48 g), and broth stew (0.43 g). Samples from lunch meals were classified into 6 menu groups, including cooked rice, one-dish rice noodles, soup stew, main dish, side dish, and kimchi. Contributing rate for total average salt content was high in one-dish rice noodles (48.97%), soup stew (38.47%), main dish (27.28%), side dish (21.02%), kimchi (18.56%), and cooked rice (3.95%). Conclusion: These results can be useful for reducing total dietary sodium content to less than 333 mg in children who are provided lunch meals at foodservice centers. To achieve this goal, development of low-sodium recipes, and nutrition education for foodservice employees is required.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2009

This study investigated the field application and the acceptance test of the meal service for the elderly (${\ge}$ 65 years) community halls in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk. The acceptance scores of bean rice and glutinous rice were the highest among the tested cooked rice varieties in Jeonnam and in Gyeongbuk, respectively (P<0.05). The acceptance scores of tofu soybean paste soup and spinach bean paste soup were the highest among different soups, in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk, respectively. The scores of menu 5 (bean rice, tofu and bean paste soup, pan-fried pork, green laver salad, kimchi, soy milk) and menu 1 (cereal rice, fermented soy bean soup, hard-boiled quail's egg, crown daisy salad, kimchi, mandarin) were the highest in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk, respectively, in terms of overall acceptance (P<0.05). The average cost of each meal in two provinces was $2012{\pm}323$ won. The amount of leftovers from menu 5 (Bean rice, Tofu and soybean paste soup, Pan-fried pork, Seasoned green laver, Kimchi, Soy milk) was the lowest in Jeonnamin, while the one from menu 2 (rice, leaf beet and soybean paste soup, sated vegetables with potato noodle, hard-boiled potato, kimchi, cherry tomato) was the lowest in Gyeongbuk.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2009

This study aim to identify preference of main and side dishes of 681 children who lived in Seoul and Gyoung-gi (Incheon) in 2007. To accomplish this, we divided the children into three age groups, an infancy group (below 6 years of age), a middle years group (between 7 and 12 years of age) and a juvenile group (above 12 years of age). Specifically, 145 children were in the infancy group (boys 68, girls 77), 300 children were in middle years group (boys 138, girls 162) and 236 children were in juveniles group (boys 131, girls 105). The average body mass index (BMI) of the parents of the respondents appeared to be normal, and the majority of the parents had bachelor degrees. Across all age groups, most fathers were office workers and most mothers were housewives. The preference for staple foods showed that the infancy group and the middle years group preferred rice the most, while the juvenile group preferred stir-fried rice the most out of 5 grain items. Evaluation of the preference for different types of noodles showed that both boys and girls from the infancy group preferred jajangmyun, while those in the middle years group and the juvenile group preferred spaghetti. For breads, both boys and girls from the infancy group had the highest preference for cake, while boys and girls in the middle years group and boys in the juvenile group preferred pizza the most, and girls from juvenile group preferred cake the most. Evaluation of the preference for soups and pot stew revealed that both boys and girls in the infancy group preferred seaweed soup, while boys from middle years group preferred seol-long-tang and girls from middle years group preferred seaweed soup. Boys and girls from the juvenile group preferred seol-long-tang the most. For hard-boiled foods and stir-fried foods, members of all age groups preferred beef boiled in soy sauce the most and hard-boiled peppers the least. Finally, comparison of the preference for roasted foods, seasoned vegetables and kimchi revealed that the infancy group preferred roasted seaweed the most and that both the middle years and juvenile group had the greatest preference for roasted galbi.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of routine haecho bibimbab (boiled rice with assorted seaweed mixtures) consumption on the bowel habits in humans. Forty free-living adults (female 38, male 2) participated in this study (mean age $41.2\;{\pm}\;7.5$). After a baseline survey on general characteristics, life style and dietary habits, the participants were asked to consume haecho bibimbab during two-week period for lunch. Habitual bowel movements were checked out every day by a questionnaire and nutrient intake was estimated by a 24-hour recalls before and after the study. After 2 weeks of clinical trial, the bowel habits had improved. Haecho bibimbab increased the number of bowel movements, changed hard stools into softer ones. It also lessen the sense of incomplete evacuation, and abdominal pain during defecation, increased water intake (p < 0.001) and improved gastrointestinal problem. The participants believed that haecho bibimbab was effective in improving their constipation symptoms and bowel habits (p < 0.01). Routine haecho bibimbab consumption tended to increase especially vitamin A, E and folate intake (p < 0.01). The present findings suggest that routine seaweed-based lunch meal (haecho bibimbab) consumption may improve bowel habits without side effects.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.721-741
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• 2007

조선시대 (1400년대부터${\sim}$1900년대)까지 고조리서와 고문헌 50권을 위주로 밥류를 분류하여 그 종류와, 사용된 식품재료, 조리방법을 분석 고찰한 결과 전체적인 내용의 요약은 다음과 같다. 1. 밥류의 종류 밥의 종류로는 쌀만으로 조리한 밥이 1종, 찹쌀로 조리한 제밥이 1종류, 잡곡류와 견과류 등을 섞어 조리한 목맥반(메밀밥), 소맥반(밀밥), 조밥, 기장밥, 율무밥, 현미밥, 보리밥, 잡곡밥, 팥물밥, 팥밥, 콩밥, 별밥, 밤밥 등이 13종류이었다. 야채류와 꽃, 과일류 등과 약초, 한약재료를 함께 섞어 조리한 밥은 청전반, 오반, 복숭아밥, 검은색밥, 황국감초밥, 연근밥, 옥정밥, 고구마밥, 두부밥, 삼씨밥, 도라지밥, 감자밥, 송이밥, 죽실밥 등 12종류 이었다. 조류, 육류, 어패류, 우유를 재료로 섞어 한그릇용으로 조리한 밥은 황탕, 개장국밥, 장국밥, 굴밥, 김치밥, 추사반, 비빔밥 등 7종류로 분석한 밥의 종류는 총 34종류이었다. 2) 조선시대 밥류의 취급율 변화추이 밥류 취급율은 1500년대 18.5%(17종)으로 가장 높았고, 1600년대 9.7%(11종), 1700년대 6.6%(4종)으로 급격히 감소하다가 1800년대 18.5%(17종), 1900년대 15.4%(16종)으로 다소 증가하였다. 2. 밥류에 사용된 식품재료 밥류에 사용된 식품재료로 잡곡류는 23종류, 견과류는 5종류, 육류는 11종류가 사용되었고 생선류는 6종류, 채소류는 35종류이며 과일류는 2종류로 배와 복숭아를 사용하였다. 밥이기 때문인지 마늘은 사용되지 않았다. 3. 밥류의 조리방법 쌀밥은 물을 먼저 펄펄 끓인 후 쌀을 넣어 조리하였고, 잡곡류는 낱알이 큰 것을 부수거나 물에 침지하였으며, 견과류, 서류, 구근류, 과일 등도 잘게 썰어 사용하였다. 치료식으로 한약재료는 물에 우리거나 삶았고, 육류는 푹삶아 육수에 밥을 하였다. 비빔밥은 되게 밥을 조리하여 나물과 밥을 일부 비빈후에 웃기로 얹었다. (1) 쌀밥은 물을 먼저 끓이다 쌀을 넣고 펄펄 끓여 된밥으로 조리하였다. 육수에 쌀을 넣고 밥을 조리하기도 하였으며, 찰밥은 제사밥으로 시루에 조리하였다. (2) 잡곡밥은 메밀, 보리, 율무 등을 사용하여 물에 곡식알이 큰것(콩)부터 미리 담가 삶거나 잘게 부숴 조리하였다. 팥등은 미리 삶거나 두쪽으로 조개 솥밑바닥에 깔았으며 대추나 밤은 세쪽으로 자른 후 물을 많이 붓고 기타재료를 섞어 밥을 하였다. 3) 국밥등은 말린국화 황국을 우려내 쌀을 넣고 밥을 조리하였으며, 국밥은 고기류와 뼈등을 푹삶아 육수에 밥을 말아 고기와 나물로 웃기를 얹었다. 굴밥등은 밥이 반쯤 익으면 재료를 미리 볶거나 씻어 넣고 조리하였다. 4) 비빔밥은 먼저 쌀로 밥을 되직하게 조리한 후 나물을 미리 밥과 슬쩍 비비다가 밥위에 나물과 웃기, 고명을 얹고 고추가루를 뿌렸다. 5) 남촉잎 등은 삶아 냉각후 쌀로 밥을 조리하였으며, 남촉줄기와 잎은 찧어 즙내 쌀로 밥을 조리하였다. 복숭아 연근 고구마는 잘게 썰어 쌀이 반쯤 익으면 함께 넣고 도라지는 물에 우려 푹 삶았고, 감자, 송이 등은 잘게 썰어 쌀과 함께 밥을 조리하였다. 4. 약선 음식조리방법 약선음식의 재료는 평상시 식생활에 사용되고 있던 식품들의 기능성분과 약이성을 이용하여 만성적인 질병과 급성적인 복통 설사 등에 재료의 전처리를 통해 죽으로 많이 이용하였다. 특히 곡류 등은 갈아 수비하여 이용하였으며, 동물성식품재료를 이용 할 때에는 재료를 만화(중간불)로 오랫동안 끓여 된장이나 향신료 등을 함께 사용해 먹기에 수월하게 조리하였으며, 한약재료인 약초류 등을 이용하였는데 오랫동안 푹 삶아 그물에 곡류 등을 넣어 죽이나 밥으로 조리하였으며 면으로도 조리하였다. 이상과 같이 조선시대 주식류의 종류 및 조리방법에 대한 문헌적 고찰을 분석한 결과로 조선시대로부터 현재까지 주식류의 변천과정을 파악할 수 있었으며 새롭게 문헌으로라도 복원된 전통음식인 주식류의 음식을 국민들이 식생활에 응용하여 건강에 도움이 되길 바란다. 또한 후속연구로서 이러한 문헌의 고찰과 분석 결과를 토대로 하여 더 깊이 있는 연구로 학문 발전을 기대한다. 산업현장에서는 과학적인 실험과 표준화된 메뉴개발을 통하여 전통음식을 상품으로 개발하여 국민건강에 도움을 주며, 전통음식문화를 세계화하는데 자료로 활용되어 경제발전에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2006

본 연구는 비가열 즉석섭취식품 중 과채가공품인 샐러드, 조림류와 양념젓갈류의 오염도를 조사하기 위하여 백화점, 대형할인매장 등에서 유통중인 샐러드 25개, 조림류 11개, 젓갈류 7개 등 총 43개 제품을 대상으로 총호기성균, 대장균군, E. coli의 미생물 오염도를 조사하였다. 총호기성균의 오염수준은 샐러드 $4.56\sim7.45\;log_{10}CFU/g$, 조림류(수산물조림) $2.43\sim7.03\;log_{10}CFU/g$, 젓갈류(양념젓간) $4.51\sim6.71\;log_{10}CFU/g$을 나타내었다. 대장균군의 오염수준은 샐러드 $4.00\sim6.66\;log_{10}CFU/g$, 조림류 $1.70\sim5.20\;log_{10}CFU/g$, 젓갈류(양념젓갈) $2.50\sim4.42\;log_{10}CFU/g$였다. E. coli의 오염수준은 조림류와 전갈류에서는 검출되지 않았고, 샐러드에서는 25개중 8개 시료(32%)에서 검출되었으며, 그 수준은 $0\sim3.58\;log_{10}CFU/g$였다. 샐러드에서 완포장 제품과 즉석포장제품은 미생물오염도에 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 시중에서 판매되고 있는 샐러드 및 조림류, 젓갈류의 위생상태는 좋지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 그래서 식품의 제조단계에서는 원료의 세척 및 살균을 철저히 하고 유통단계에서는 냉장온도 관리를 철저히 하며, 최종 판매단계에 이르기까지 안전을 위한 총체적인 관리방안의 수립이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.82-93
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• 1985

An investigation was conducted on Seoulites' meals outside home by age group and sex, and the resultant findings are as follows: 1. To effectively conduct this survey were taken 201 teen males, 242 teen females, 202 young males, 232 young females, 219 men and 195 women. 2. For the kinds of meals they have outside home, breakfast forms 0.7%, lunch 35.7%, supper 22.2%, and snacks 14.4%. 3. Men subjects "lunch out everyday" by 39.9%, young males by 30.7%, and young females by 29%. 4. The reason why they lunch out indicates "convenient" by 37.4%, "carrying a lunch box is inconvenient" by 21.2%, "hard to prepare the lunch box" by 12.9%. 5. Regarding the favorite food taken for lunch, almost all the men prefer Korean food by 73.9% 6. Ra Myun and noodle occupy the highest Percentage of young females by 79.3% ; Chinese food the highest percentage of women by 27.7%, but the lowest percentage come from Japanese food by 1.1%. 7. The preference of kinds of food when having a meal outside home is ascribed to "prefer"by 50~75.7%, the highest percentage of all. 9. The price they pay for lunch outside home amounts to less than 900 wons in teens and young males 1, 000~2, 000 wons in men and women. The price of a meal outside home per capita a day, when taken by family unit, averages to 3, 694 wons. For the number of meals outside home, "more than once a month" forms 41.7%. 9. On the mooted points raised when having a meal outside home, "unsanitary' forms 36.7%, "expensive in prices" 26.1%, "lack of nutritution" 10.6%. 10. Teen males, when viewed from food preference for lunch outside home, take Ra Myun, Ddokbokki, Chinese noodle, while teen females, Ddokbokki, bread, Chinese noodle: young males, Sundubu Baekban, Bibim Bab, Ra Myun, Yokge Jang; young females, Sundubu Baekban, pork cutlet, Bibin Bab: men, Solnone Tang, Daenjang Chikae, Baekban, Kalbi Jongsik Bibim Bab : women, Bulkogi Jongsik, Neang Moyn, and Chinese noodle. 11. When seen from the nutrition of meals taken outside home, the prices of noodle and boiled rice range from 600 to 1, 000 wons, while their energy ranges from 407 to 745 kcal, Protein from 14.2 to 30.3g. On the other hand, the Price of western food averages to 1, 900~2, 500 wons, while its energy ranges from 1, 061 to 1, 129 kcal, proteio from 45.9 to 72.9g. It is revealed that noodle or boiled rice is not nutritious enough to be taken as a meal.s revealed that noodle or boiled rice is not nutritious enough to be taken as a meal.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2004

This study aimed at examine dietary attitude, eating behavior and food preferences of children in child care center. The children involved in this study were 153 boys and 134 girls, aged 3 to 6 years old. The eating frequency of breakfast and the number of meal times a day were significant difference according to sex(P<0.01). Reason for skipping breakfast was ‘no appetite’(49.3%). It was found that 51.5% of the children belonged to ‘fair’ in food habit score, while children in ‘poor’ and in ‘excellent’ were 25.0% and 9.7% respectively. There was no significant difference in food habit score between boys and girls. Their preferred staple foods were ‘cooked rice’ and ‘Chajangmyon’, their preferred soup was ‘seaweed soup’. Also, their most preferred side dishes with animal foods were ‘fried chicken’ and ‘Bulgogi’. The preference of ‘hard boiled soybean curd’ and ‘pan fried soybean curd’ among the side dishes with vegetable foods were significant according to the obesity index(P<0.05). Children preferred side dishes with animal foods to those with vegetable foods. First considered item in meal preparation was child's favorite(58.1%). Mother's response to child's unbalanced diet was ‘trying to persuade the child’(56.6%). It was significant according to mother's occupation(P<0.01). The nutritional management program at child care center is required to enhance the nutritional status of children. Also the nutritional education for the children and their meal planners is required for better growth and health promotion of preschool children.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.306-312
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• 1986

Demonstration of the highly positive correlation between blood cholestrol levels and heart disease has made consumers wary of the fats in meat, milk and eggs. The egg, as perhaps the single largest common source of cholesterol, has been cited by many members of the medical and scientific world as a food contributing to heart disease. In light of decreasing per capita egg consumption and continuing dietary egg cholesterol controversy, many researchers have focused their efforts on egg nutrition. The results reported, however, are often contradictory. In spite of the disputable scientific evidence, the egg has been labelled (erroneously) as a highly cholesterogenic food. The objective of this presentation is to present a general picture of the problem and discuss our laboratory findings relevant to the problem. An isotope technique was utilized to incorporate $^{14}C$-cholesterol into egg yolk lipoproteins and study the metabolic fate of dietary ovo-cholesterol in rats. Two hundred and fifty micro-curies of 4-$^{14}C$-cholesterol, emulsified in corn oil, were orally administered to five Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens. Eggs were collected, hard-boiled, and the hot dried egg yolk powder (HEY) was prepared. Total radioactivity excreted via feces was determined. The rat groups fed egg yolk powder excreted more than 95% of the ingested ovo-cholesterol, whereas the rat chow group excreted only 47%. No difference was observed between HEY and CEY treatments. Therefore, an unknown lipid factor present in egg folk accelerates cholesterol turnover rate and excretion via feces.