• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2016

Remediation of crude oil contaminated soil is complicate and hard to apply traditional methods because of its persistency, durability, and high viscosity. Therefore, in this study, the efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil remediation was tested by developing a pilot-scale thermal desorption system using the indirect heating method with an exhaust gas treatment. Under optimal condition drawed by temperature and retention time, the remedial efficiency of crude oil contaminated soil and treatability of exhaust gas were analyzed. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration of crude oil contaminated soil was decreased to 69.7 mg/kg on average and the remedial efficiency was measured at 99.60%. Through the exhaust gas, 86.0% of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) was degraded and 97.16% of complex malodor was reduced under the suggested optimum operation condition. This study provides important basic data to be useful in scaling up of the indirect thermal desorption system for the remediation of crude oil contaminated soil.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2016

The goal of energy-based seismic design is to obtain a structural design with a higher energy dissipation capacity than the energy dissipation demands incurred under earthquake motions. Accurate estimation of the story hysteretic energy demand of a multi-story structure is the key to meeting this goal. Based on the assumption of a mode-equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system, the energy equilibrium relationship of a multi-story structure under seismic action is transformed into that of a multi-mode analysis of several single degree-of-freedom systems. A simplified equation for the estimation of the story seismic hysteretic energy demand was then derived according to the story shear force and deformation of multi-story buildings, and the deformation and energy relationships between the mode-equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system and the original structure. Sites were categorized into three types based on soil hardness, namely, hard soil, intermediate hard (soft) soil, and soft soil. For each site type, a 5-story and 10-story reinforced concrete frame structure were designed and employed as calculation examples. Fifty-six earthquake acceleration records were used as horizontal excitations to validate the accuracy of the proposed method. The results verify the following. (1) The distribution of seismic hysteretic energy along the stories demonstrate a degree of regularity. (2) For the low rise buildings, use of only the first mode shape provides reasonably accurate results, whereas, for the medium or high rise buildings, several mode shapes should be included and superposed to achieve high precision. (3) The estimated hysteretic energy distribution of bottom stories tends to be underestimated, which should be modified in actual applications.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2019

In this study, stochastic responses of a cable-stayed bridge subjected to the spatially varying earthquake ground motion are investigated for variable local soil cases and wave velocities. Quincy Bay-view cable-stayed bridge built on the Mississippi River in Illinois, USA selected as a numerical example. The bridge is composed of two H-shaped concrete towers, double plane fan type cables and a composite concrete-steel girder deck. The spatial variability of the ground motion is considered with the coherency function, which is represented by the components of incoherence, wave-passage and site-response effects. The incoherence effect is investigated by considering Harichandran and Vanmarcke model, the site-response effect is outlined by using hard, medium and soft soil types, and the wave-passage effect is taken into account by using 1000, 600 and 200 m/s wave velocities for the hard, medium and soft soils, respectively. Mean of maximum response values obtained from the analyses are compared with those of the specific cases of the ground motion model. It is concluded that the obtained results from the bridge model increase as the differences between local soil conditions cases of the bridge supports change from firm to soft. Moreover, the variation of the wave velocity has important effects on the responses of the deck and towers as compared with those of the travelling constant wave velocity case. In addition, the variability of the ground motions should be considered in the analysis of long span cable-stayed bridges to obtain more accurate results in calculating the bridge responses.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2011

Soil structure plays an important role in ecological system, since it controls transport and storage of air, gas, nutrients and solutions. The study of soil structure requires an understanding of the interrelations and interactions between the diverse soil components at various levels of organization. Investigations of the spatial distribution of pore/particle arrangements and the geometry of soil pore space can provide important information regarding ecological or crop system. Because of conveniences in image analyses and accuracy, these investigations have been thrived for a long time. Image analyses from soil sections through impregnated blocks of undisturbed soil (2 dimensional image analyses) or from 3 dimensional scanned soils by computer tomography allow quantitative assessment of the pore space. Image analysis techniques can be used to classify pore types and quantify pore structure without inaccurate or hard labor in laboratory. In this paper, the last 50 years of the soil image analyses have been presented and measurements on various soil scales were introduced, as well. In addition to history of image analyses, a couple of examples for soil image analyses were displayed. The discussion was made on the applications of image analyses and techniques to quantify pore/soil structure.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2018

In this paper, a numerical study using finite element method with considering soil-structure interaction was conducted to investigate the stress and deformation behavior of a sheet pile wall structure. In numerical model, one of the nonlinear elastic material constitutive models, Duncan-Chang E-v model, is used for describing soil behavior. The hard contact constitutive model is used for simulating the behavior of interface between the sheet pile wall and soil. The construction process of excavation and backfill is simulated by the way of step loading. We also compare the present numerical method with the in-situ test results for verifying the numerical methods. The numerical analysis showed that the soil excavation in the lock chamber has a huge effect on the wall deflection and stress, pile deflection, and anchor force. With the increase of distance between anchored bars, the maximum wall deflection and anchor force increase, while the maximum wall stress decreases. At a low elevation of anchored bar, the maximum wall bending moment decreases, but the maximum wall deflection, pile deflection, and anchor force both increase. The construction procedure with first excavation and then backfill is quite favorable for decreasing pile deflection, wall deflection and stress, and anchor forces.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.896-901
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• 2009

A Soil Nail is a structural element which provides load-transfer to the ground in excavation reinforcement applications. The nail may simply consist of a steel tendon, but most commonly the tendon is encapsulated in a cement grouted body to provide corrosion protection and improved load- transfer to the ground. For temporary excavation support in a congested urban area, the steel bar of Soil Nails should be removed to get permission of the private land to install Soil Nails. Several removable nail systems were developed and evaluated by pull-out load tests. The Soil Nail pull-out tests were performed on five nails installed in soft and hard rock at a 00 housing-redevelopment area in seoul. Two nails are plastic socket type and two are complex socket type mixed steel and plastic. The nail was 0.1mm in diameter, 4m long. In this study verification tests, and steel bar removing tests of plastic socket type nails and complex socket type nails were performed and presented.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2006

건설교통부에서는 예산절감을 위해 토석정보시스템을 운영하고 있으며, 시스템 운영에 기본적으로 고려되어야 할 사항은 원지반의 토량을 기준으로 산정되는 토량 변화율인 토량환산계수의 정확한 적용이다. 토공사의 절성토량의 균형, 사토장 및 토취장의 계획은 공사비와 직접적인 관계를 가지고 있기 때문에 정확한 토공량 산정 및 효율적인 토공유동이 무엇보다도 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 현장에서의 비합리적인 토량환산계수의 적용으로 토공유동이 효과적이지 못한 점이 있으며, 정확한 공사비 산정 및 투입에도 지장을 초래할 수 있다. 이와 같이 효율적인 토공유동계획은 토공량 산정의 정확도에 기인한다고 할 수 있으며, 정확한 토량환산계수의 적용이 토공량 산정에 절대적이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 대규모 토공사가 실시되는 현장을 대상으로 대상지 내의 임의지점 절 성토부를 굴착하고 굴착 전후 및 다짐후의 체적을 사진측량기법 및 레이저스캐닝기법으로 정밀한 수치표고모형을 제작하여 토량환산계수를 산정하고, 동시에 절 성토부 건조밀도시험을 통해 산정되는 토량변화율의 결과값과 비교 분석하여 신뢰성 있는 토량환산계수의 산정방법을 결정하고자 한다.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2011년도 30주년 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.3-20
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• 2011

토양은 직 간접적으로 인간의 삶과 질에 영향을 미치게 된다. 일반적으로 비옥한 토양을 가진 지역은 척박한 지역에 비해 상대적으로 풍요한 삶을 누리게 되며 풍습, 관습, 문화 등이 달라진다. 제주지역은 육지부와 기후가 다르지만 토양은 더욱 다르다. 특히 좁은 제주도 내에서도 지역마다 자연비옥도와 토지생산성이 달라서 화학비료가 없었던 과거에는 토양의 성질이 마을의 형성, 풍습, 제사습관 등에 직접적으로 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 보고 있다. 제주해역은 대만에서부터 폭 60km의 구로시오(黑潮) 해류가 3노트의 속도로 흐르다가 나뉘어 지는 기점이다. 이 해류는 옛사람들이 육지에서 제주로 해류를 거슬러 오는 것을 매우 힘들게 하였으며, 제주만의 독자적인 문화와 풍습을 낳게 하는 원인이 되었다. 제주에서 고고학, 민속학을 연구하는 인문 사회학자들이 갖고 있는 의문은 동서 73km, 남부 31km, 면적 $1,825\;km^2$의 작은 섬에서 고인돌과 유적이 발견되는 지역이 한정되어 있고, 지역마다 풍습과 민요가 다르다는 것이다. 심지어 1 km 이내의 짧은 거리의 마을도 다른 것이 매우 많다. 필자는 우연히 '90년대 말 인문 사회학자와 유적, 풍습 등을 조사하는 과정에서 제주를 설명하는 데 토양학적인 접근이 인문 사회분야의 여러 가지 의문점을 풀어내는데 중요한 실마리를 제공하고 있다는 것을 알았다. 그 내용의 일부를 강의에 이용하였으며, 원고 작성방식도 인문학 방식을 많이 따랐다.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.134-147
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• 2015

This study proposes a method to determine the effective angular velocity of each motor of a specific four-rows tracked vehicle (FRTV) in order to follow a given turning radius. The configuration of the four-rows tracked vehicle is introduced, and its dynamics analysis model is built using the DAFUL commercial software. The soil has been assumed to be hard ground, and the friction force between the ground and the tracked links is calculated using the Coulomb friction model. This paper uses a simulation to show that the error in the position increased with respect to the angle of the curvatures, so a method is proposed to compensate for the error in the motion of the motors. Various simulations are then carried out to verify the proposed formulation. The effects of the soil characteristics and the driving velocity will be further investigated in future studies.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.336-346
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• 1995

Geotechnical Information System (GTIS) for efficient management of three dimensional borehole data has been developed. Some problems were raised during the input process of borehole data, and alternative solutions were sought. According to the previous geotechnical reports, there is no unified weathering classification scheme. A criterion, 100 times/30cm from SPT, was turned out inappropriate to the discrimination of weathered rock from weathered soil. It has also been suggested that weathered soil, weathered rock, soft rock, and hard rock should be defined as CW, HW, MW, and SW~fresh condition. For better comparison of RQD, the use of NX size coring is recommended for the whole area although BX size coring has been used in excavated area. The limit of drilling depth up to 1 m from the top of surface of hard rock should be extended to avoid possible wrong interpretation of rock head due to the existence of corestone. The input data were analysed by geostatistical methods. It is found that the range in semivariogram is about 300m, and the variance of gneiss is greater than that of granite. It is because the granite data analysed came from almost single uniform rock mass(i.e.Seoul granite), but gneiss data came from the rock mass(i.e. Gyeonggi gneiss complex experienced several metamorphic metamorphic processes.