• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism and the clinical significance of prohibition of acupuncture of LI4 and SP6 during the period of pregnancy. Methods : It was investigated the prohibition of acupuncture during the period of pregnancy based on the literature reviews. Previous studies identified the acupuncture treatment of animal and clinical studies during the period of pregnancy and labor in China Academic Journal(CAJ). These papers were classified and investigated to clarify the rationale of the prohibition of acupuncture during the period of pregnancy. Results and Conclusions : The contraindicated points during the period of pregnancy are Hapgok (LI4), Samumgyo (SP6), Songmun (CV5), Kwanwon (CV4), Sosang (LU11), Chium (BL67), Kollyun (BL60). The uterine contraction can be induced by the stimuli of Hapgok (LI4) via endocrine system and Samumgyo (SP6) via nervous system. Both Hapgok (LI4) and Samumgyo (SP6) also can be used in various diseases such as induction of abortion, facilitation of parturition, stabilization of embryos, cross birth and so on.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2004

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's diseases are chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract identified mainly for diarrhea, stomachache, hemafecia. The source and pathologic mechanism about ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are still unknown but stress, infection, a genetic factor, environmental factors etc. may be the cause of chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract recently. Methods : Because ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is recognized as Ha-ri(下痢) or Jang-Byok(腸?) in Oriental Medicine, Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupunctures were injected in hapgok $(LI_4)$ which is used to treat intestinal disease in clinic. All animals were subjected to the injection of saline $(300\;{\mu}l,\;500\;{\mu}l)$ for a study control and TNBS $(300\;{\mu}l,\;500\;{\mu}l)$ into the lumen of the colon, 8cm proximal to the anus through the intestine. Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal (20 mg/ml, 0.4 ml) acupuncture solution was injected to the $LI_4$ (both hands) at the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. And body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed to study the effects of Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupuncture in hapgok $(LI_4)$. Results : In results, Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupuncture in hapgok $(LI_4)$ on TNBS-induced colitis reduced the rate of weight loss but had no effect on RBC and WBC count. And it reduced total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusion : Data suggest that injection of Rhizoma Coptidis herbal acupuncture solution into hapgok has significant therapeutic effect on the colitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this research was to examine that effect of Sosang($LU_1$)-Eunbaek($SP_1$) bloodletting was similar to effect of Sa-kwan $LI_4$) and Taechung($LR_3$)> acupuncture on pain and discomfort of acute dyspepsia in upper abdomen. Methods : We divided 36 patients with acute dyspepsia into two groups and treated Group A with Sosang($LU_{11}$)-Eunbaek($SP_1$) bloodletting and Group B with Sa-kwan $LI_4$) and Taechung($LR_3$)> acupuncture. Pain and discomfort in upper abdomen was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) scores of the two groups before treatment and after 15 minutes to treat. Results : Both group A and B represented effective improvement in VAS of pain and discomfort in upper abdomen. And there was no difference between A group and B group statistically. Conclusions : It is suggested that Sosang($LU_{11}$)-Eunbaek($SP_1$) bloodletting may have similar effect compared with Sa-kwan $LI_4$) and Taechung($LR_3$)> acupuncture on acute dyspepsia treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to identify central neural pathway of neurons following the projection to the large intestine and Hapgok(LI4) which is Won acupoint of the large intestine meridian of hand-yangmyeong. In this experiment, Bartha's strain of pseudorabies virus was used to trace central localization of neurons related with large intestine and acupoint(LI4) which has been known to be able to regulate intestinal function. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group 1, injected into the large intestine; group 2, injected into the acupoint(LI4); group 3, injected into the acupoint(LI4) after severing the radial, ulnar, median nerve. After four days survival of rats, PRV labeled neurons were identified in the spinal cord and brain by immunohistochemical method. First-order PRV labeled neurons following the projection to large intestine, acupoint(LI4) and acupoint(LI4) after cutting nerve were found in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord. Commonly labeled neurons were labeled in the lumbosacral spinal cord and thoracic spinal cord. They were found in lamina V- X, intermediomedial nucleus and dorsal column area. The area of sensory neurons projecting was L5-S2 spinal ganglia and T12-L1 spinal ganglia, respectively. In the brainstem, the neurons were labeled most evidently and consistently in the nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, reticular nucleus, raphe nuclei(obscurus, magnus and pallidus), C3 adrenalin cells, parapyramidal area(lateral paragigantocellular nucleus), locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus nucleus, A5 cell group, periaqueductal gray matter. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons were marked mostly in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. These results suggest that overlapped CNS locations are related with autonomic nuclei which regulate the functions of large intestine-related organs and it was revealed by tracing PRV labeled neurons projecting large intestine and related acupoint(LI4).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.273-288
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oriental cause and treatment of the polyhidrosis of hands and feet. Methods: It was studied 47 kinds of Oriental Medical literature for polyhidrosis of hands and feet Results: Polyhidrosis of hands and feet due to lowered superficial resistance brought on by deficiency of qi. Main pathogenesis(病因病機) is the heat in the middle energizer(中焦熱) such as heat in the stomach(胃熱) and the spleen and stomach heat stagnation(脾胃積熱), deficient in Yin and Yang, qi and blood(陰陽氣血), and retention of undigested food(食積) due to improper diet(飮食不能). Treating method(治法) is eliminating dampness and regulating the stomach(淸熱燥瀑和中), invigorating, replenishing spleen qi(補益脾氣), and nourishing the stomach Yin(滋養胃陰). Treating prescription(治方) is presented as Palmultang with Additional Ingredients Rhi.zoma Pinelliae, Pona for principle drug Rhi.zorm Typfwnii Radix Aconiti for adjuvant and messenger drug(八物湯加半夏 茯笭君 白附子 川烏爲在使), Daeshihotang(大柴胡湯), Cheongbisan(淸脾散), Moryeosan(牡蠣散) etc. The external treatments(外用法) are described as ways of washing hand and foot after steaming with boiled Decoction(牡蠣散) of AJurnen(白礬); Radix Puerariae(乾葛), Radix Astragali(黃?); Radix Puerariae(乾葛), Herba Schiwnepetae(荊芥); Radix Saposhnikoviae (防風), 白礬(AIumen). The acupuncture recipes (鍼治療法) are the toninfication(補) of Buryu(KI 7)(復溜) ; Eumgeuk(HT 6)(陰?), tonification(補) methods of Buryu(KI 7)(復溜) ; Gihae(CC 6)(氣海) and reduction(潟) of Hapgok(LI 4)(合谷), the reduction(潟) of Hapgok(LI 4)(合谷), tonification of Buryu(Kl 7)(復溜), reduction(潟) of Jigu(TE 6)(支溝) ; Taechung(LR 3)(太衝) ; Yangneungcheon (GB 34)(陽陸泉). and selection of points of Hapgok(Li 4) (合谷) and Nogung(PC 8)(勞宮). The Tui-na therapies (推拿療法) are removing heat from the stomach meridian(淸胃經O) and so on.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.147-156
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of herbal acupuncture with Ginseng Radix for the treatment to intestinal disease in the rat with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Methods : All animals were subjected to the injection of saline $(300{\mu}{\ell},\;500{\mu}{\ell})$ for a study control or TNBS $(300{\mu}{\ell},\;500{\mu}{\ell})$ into the lumen of the colon, 8cm proximal to the anus through the intestine. Ginseng Radix herbal acupuncture ($20mg/m{\ell},\;0.4m{\ell}$) were injected to the both $Hapgok(LI_4)$ acupoints at 2nd injection of TNBS in rats. Thus, the body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed to study the effects of Ginseng Radix herbal acupuncture. Results : Ginseng Radix herbal acupuncture on $Hapgok(LI_4)$ for TNBS-induced colitis inhibited the body weight loss rate but did not affect RBC and WBC counts. Furthermore, it inhibited the reduction of total protein concentration and serum IgG and IgM levels in TNBS induced colitis were recovered. Conclusions : Herbal acupuncture with Ginseng Radix helps recover the TNBS-induced colonic damage and may be an important method for treatment of the colitis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.149-155
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• 2023

Objectives : Hapgok (LI4) is one of the most widely used acupoints in clinical practice. This study aims to investigate the trend of clinical studies including LI4 acupoint stimulation in Korea. Methods : Papers of clinical researches including LI4 acupoint stimulation in Korean journals were searched in Korean databases of Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal, Korean Studies Information Service System, Korea Citation Index, DBpia, Research Information Sharing Service, and ScienceON. The papers were then analyzed focusing on the number of publications by year, the types of the clinical research, interventions, research topics, institutes, and journals. Results : A total of 154 publications were included in this study. The first paper was published in 1981, and the number of papers has gradually increased since the 1990s. Although LI4 acupoint stimulation was included, most of the papers had additional acupoints and interventions. Diseases of the nervous system were the most common, followed by diseases of the digestive system and diseases of the circulatory system. Kyung Hee University is the institution that published the most papers, and the journal that published the most papers is The Journal of Korean Oriental Internal Medicine. Conclusions : Since the 1990s, the number of clinical studies on LI4 acupoint has increased. However, the results of the studies are insufficient to prove the efficacy of LI4 acupoint because most of the studies were case reports using additional acupoints and interventions. Therefore, more rigorous studies are needed to prove the efficacy of LI4 acupoint.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2010

Objectives : The directional supplementation and draining and twirling supplementation and draining have been used widely in oriental medical clinic. The aim of this study is to compare the effects between directional supplementation and draining method and twirling supplementation and draining. Methods : Clinical experiment was performed with 21 students of oriental medical college of Daegu Haany university. Acupuncture was applied at left Hapgok (LI4) with directional supplementation and twirling supplementation respectively, and the thermographic change was checked using DITI (Digital Infrared Thermographic Image). Results and Conclusion : A significant thermographic change was observed at bilateral Igan (LI2), Yanggye (LI5), Gokji (LI11), and Yeonghyang (LI20) in directional supplementation. A significant thermographic change was observed at bilateral Igan (LI2), Yanggye (LI5), and Yeonghyang (LI20) in twirling supplementation. Based on the thermographic change, it could be demonstrated that directional supplementation is more effective that twirling supplementation.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2024

Objectives The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of applying acupuncture as intervention of peripheral facial paralysis in children. Methods We conducted searches on China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang Data using the keywords "facial paralysis", "children", and "acupuncture". Results Six randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. The acupoints most frequently utilized were Hapgok (LI4), Jichang (ST4), Yangbaek (GB14), Sabaek (ST2), Hyeopgeo (ST6), Yeonghyang (LI20), Yepung (TE17), and Taeyang (EX-HN5). The Stomach Meridian (ST) was the most targeted. Acupuncture treatment was found to be as effective as or more effective than Western medicine treatment in certain cases. Conclusions Acupuncture therapy shows promise for treating pediatric peripheral facial paralysis. However, further clinical randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1 s.37
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• pp.106-112
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Bee Venom Herb-Acupuncture on the jaw opening reflex evoked by tooth pulp stimulation. Rats were anesthetized with thiopental sodium given intraperitoneally in an initial dose of 80mg/kg. Maintenance doses of 5mg/kg thiopental sodium were given through a cannular in the femoral vein as required to maintain light anesthesia. To apply noxious stimuli, a pair of enameled wires were inserted into the tooth pulp of the lower incisor. The effects of conditioning stimuli were estimated as an indicator of the degree of suppression of the digastric muscle electromyogram(dEMG) in the jaw opening reflex. Bee Venom Herb- Acupuncture(0.2% solution 0.1ml/rat) was injected to Hapgok(LI4) loci. In addition, Normal Saline (0.1ml/rat) was injected to Hapgok loci so as to compare the degree of suppression elicited from Bee-Venom. By administration of Bee Venom Herb-Acupuncture, the amplitude of dEMG was maximally suppressed to $67.5{\pm}3.38%$ ipsilaterally, 73.33{\pm}8.00%$ contralaterally. Generally, the dEMG activities caused by electrical stimulation were gradually suppressed during the stimulation and maximal suppressive effect showed at 15min after its onset. However the dEMG activities by Be Venom Herb-Acupuncture were immediately suppressed after its onset and the suppressive effect continued for a long time compared to electrical stimulation. In conclusion, Bee Venom Herb-Acupuncture may have a different mechanism of analgesia from that of electro-acupuncture and contribute to the modulation of pain analgesia.