• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.251-255
• /
• 2008

The aim of the present recent study was to compare the protein patterns in the vaginal mucus of Hanwoo cattles during spontaneous and CIDR induced-estrus. Ten cattles, who had been observed in estrus, received no treatment and served as the group of cattles with normal spontaneous estrus. Thirteen cattles in the CIDR received an CIDR insert on day 14 were removed and cattles were injected GnRH on day 15. Vaginal mucus samples were collected from all cattles at the same time the single AI in cattles with spontaneous estrus and the AI in cattles with induced estrus. Spontaneous and CIDR-induced estrus vaginal mucus samples were analyzed on two different array surfaces: cation-exchange (CM10), anion-exchange (Q10). In addition, using the NaCl solution by which the proteins combined after washing are 0.5, 1 and 2 M, it was fractionated and a protein was collected successively. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Ionic surfaces chemistries (Q10 and CM10) gave the best results in terms of detectable protein peaks, with more than 100 protein peaks in the two fractions and under each condition. 2) Protein mass spectrometer using 11 different proteins in protein identification of 7 were able to determine the protein. List of identified proteins as follows; Ribosome-binding protein 1, GRIP 1-associated protein 1, Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A-like 1, Protein FAM44A, DUF729 domain-containing protein 1, Prolactin precursor, Dihydrofolate erductase. Conclusively, on the basis of this study, protein expression in the vaginal mucus could be used as an indicator for time of estrus manifestation in order to increase conception rates by applying AI at an optional time.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.31-35
• /
• 2012

In a previous study, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) were detected by 2D gel electrophoresis as differentially expressed proteins in the longissimus thoracis muscles of cattle aged between 12 and 27 months old. In the present study, we investigated the association of SDH and TPI gene expression with intramuscular fat content in 50 Hanwoo steers. The SDH gene was expressed at a 4 times higher level in the 12 month old group than in the 27 month old group (p<0.01). A regression analysis between gene expression value and intramuscular fat content showed a negative correlation between expression of the SDH gene and intramuscular fat content (p<0.001). In contrast, the expression of the TPI gene showed no significant association with intramuscular fat content. This result suggests that the SDH gene may be a candidate marker gene for intramuscular fat content in the longissimus thoracis of Korean cattle.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.453-458
• /
• 2011

The MC1R (Melanocortin 1 receptor) gene has been known as a causative gene of the coat colors in mammals and responsible for the E (Extension) locus which has three alleles ($E^D$, $E^+$, e) that determines coat colors. The dominant allele $E^D$ produces black or brown colors due to the missense mutation and the recessive e allele has frameshift mutation which shows red or yellow coat colors. Whereas the wild type $E^+$ produces variety of colors due to the interaction with A (Agouti) locus. In this study, PCR-RFLP was performed using two restriction enzymes (BsrF I and MspA1 I) in order to obtain MC1R genotypes in Korean brindle cattle and black cattle. The results showed that all of the animals have the $E^+$ alleles, indicating the $E^+$ allele might related with black coat colors. Later on, the experiments expanded to the 260 Korean candidate bulls whether these animals have the same $E^+$ allele. Among 260 samples investigated, 5% (13/260) of the animals had $E^+$e genotypes, indicating the $E^+$ allele is also present in the candidate bulls in a low frequency. Even though we expected that A locus also affect the black coat color in cattle, all the black coat color animals (brindle and black) have $E^+$ alleles in this study. Therefore, the genotyping of the MC1R gene in candidate bulls will recommended be applied for eliminating of black coat colors in Hanwoo population, if the farmers need to have the brown coat colors only.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.337-344
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study was to compare of genetic parameter estimates on carcass traits of Hanwoo(Korean Cattle) according to modeling with Gibbs sampler and MTDFREML. The data set consisted of 1,941 cattle records with 23,058 animals in pedigree files at Hanwoo Improvement Center. The variance and covariance among carcass traits were estimated via Gibbs sampler and MTDFREML algorithms. The carcass traits considered in this study were longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness, and marbling score. Genetic parameter estimates using Gibbs sampler and MTDFREML from single-trait analysis were similar with those from multiple-trait analysis. The estimated heritabilities using Gibbs sampler were .52～.54, .54 ～.59, and .42～.44 for carcass traits. The estimated heritabilities using MTDFREML were .41, .52～.53, and .31～.32 for carcass traits. The estimated genetic correlation using Gibbs sampler and MTDFREML of LDA between BF and MS were negatively correlated as .34～.36, .23～.37. Otherwise, genetic correlation between BF and MS was positive genetic correlation as .36～.44. The correlations of breeding value for marbling score between via MTDFREML and via Gibbs sampler were 0.989, 0.996 and 0.985 for LDA, BF and MS respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2007

Despite the risk of high altitude disease (HAD), raising cattle at higher altitudes does have advantages such as beef quality due to minimal chance of infection and stress. The ideal situation is to determine the optimum altitude suitable for raising cattle while at the same time minimizing the risk of HAD. Therefore, in this study, we documented the health status of three groups of steers, raised at three different altitudes (200m, 400m and 800m) in Gangwon province, using routine hematological, biochemical and hormonal tests. The red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentration were highest in the 800m group, and lowest in the 200m group, possibly due to hypoxia induced myeloid and erythroid stimulation. The mean concentration of AST, BUN and serum cortisol were lowest in the 800m. These findings suggest the stress factor will contribute the general health status of animal and indicate a difference in the Hanwoo groups raised at 800m compared to 200m, where the cattle raised at the higher altitude exhibit better health status compared to the lower altitude, possibly due to less stressful environment in the higher altitude.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.1258-1269
• /
• 2022

Objective: For improving meat quality especially tenderness, male cattle are usually castrated to removes both the testicles. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect castration method (half- and complete-castration) on meat yield and quality characteristics of Hanwoo male cattle. Methods: Thirty-two similar age (5.9 months) Hanwoo male calves were divided into: half-castration (HC) and complete-castration (CC) groups (n = 16 per group). At 7 months of age, all the animals were castrated in which the HC calves had only one testicle surgically removed while, the CC calves had both testicles surgically removed. The castrated animals were reared under identical conditions until 25 months of age. After slaughter, the carcasses were evaluated for carcass traits and meat yield of primal cuts. For examination of the castration effect on meat quality, L. lumborum and semimembranosus muscles were used. The meat samples were analyzed for chemical composition, color, pH, shear force and water holding capacity, fatty acids, metabolites and volatile aroma compounds. Results: The HC group showed higher meat yields of all primal cuts (p<0.05). As a result, the total meat yield was higher by approximately 44 kg in the HC group (303.32 kg, corresponding to 67.88%) compared to the CC group (259.30 kg, corresponding to 62.11%) (p<0.05). In terms of meat quality, the HC resulted in two times greater fat content in both muscles examined compared to intact males. More importantly, the shear force values did not differ between HC and CC groups for L. lumborum muscles (p>0.05). The meat from HC animals exhibited higher amount of free amino acids associated with sweetness (p<0.05). Furthermore, the castration method only exhibited a negligible effect on metabolites and volatile aroma compounds in the cooked meat. Conclusion: Half-castration emerged as an alternative practice to be used for increasing the yield and tenderness of male cattle meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2013

In order to analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic status of the Korean Chikso breed, we determined sequences of mtDNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene and performed phylogenetic analysis using 239 individuals from 5 Chikso populations. Five non-synonymous mutations of a total of 15 polymorphic sites were identified among 239 cyt b coding sequences. Thirteen haplotypes were defined, and haplotype diversity was 0.4709 ranging from 0.2577 to 0.6114. Thirty-five haplotypes (C1-C35) were classified among 9 Asia and 3 European breeds. C2 was a major haplotype that contained 206 sequences (64.6%) from all breeds used. C3-C13 haplotypes were Chikso-specific haplotypes. C1 and C2 haplotypes contained 80.5% of cyt b sequences of Hanwoo, Yanbian, Zaosheng and JB breeds. In phylogenetic analyses, the Chikso breed was contained into B. taurus lineage and was genetically more closely related to two Chinese breeds than to Korean brown cattle, Hanwoo. These results suggest that Chikso and Hanwoo have a genetic difference based on the mtDNA cyt b gene as well as their coat color, sufficient for classification as a separate breed.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.411-421
• /
• 1997

A survey was carried out to investigate the symptoms and occurance of reproductive disorder in Hanwoo(Korean native cattle). Data of the reproductive disorder of 561 heads from 28 farm households have been collected from Dec. '95 to Nov. '96 and analyzed calving no, nutritional body condition and housing forms. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The incidence of reproductive disorder was 20.1% and the major common symptoms were repeat breeding(39.8%), anestrous(31.0%), nymphomania(10.6%) and subestrous(8.9%). 2. The incidence of reproductive disorder according to the calving no., that of heifer, calved one to two calving no. and over three calving no. were 20.6%, 13.9% and 34.5%, respectively. 3. Reproductive disorder incidence according to the nutritional body condition was 18.3%, 14.6% and 48.7% at body condition score(BCS) less than 2.0, 2.5 to 3.0 and over than 3.5, respectively. At BCS over 3.0, the symptoms of common reproductive disorder were repeat breeding(17.6%), anestrous(12.2%), nymphomania(10.8%) and subestrous(2.7%). 4. The incidence of reproductive disorder according to the housing form 15.8% and 34.6% for group feeding in open house and individual stanchion feeding in stall, respectively. In group feeding, reproductive disorder incidence of cows raised in space of more than 9.9$m^2$ per head was 14.1%, while that of cows raised less than 9.9$m^2$ per head was 18.2%. And incidence of repeat breeding, aneestrous and subestrous was more frequent in individual stanchion feeding than group feeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study identifies single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or gene combinations that affect the flavor and quality of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) by using the SNP Harvester method. Methods: Four economic traits (oleic acid [C18:1], saturated fatty acids), monounsaturated fatty acids, and marbling score) were adjusted for environmental factors in order to focus solely on genetic effects. The SNP Harvester method was used to investigate gene combinations (two-way gene interactions) associated with these economic traits. Further, a multifactor dimensionality reduction method was used to identify superior genotypes in gene combinations. Results: Table 3 to 4 show the analysis results for differences between superior genotypes and others for selected major gene combinations using the multifactor dimensionality reduction method. Environmental factors were adjusted for in order to evaluate only the genetic effect. Table 5 shows the adjustment effect by comparing the accuracy before and after correction in two-way gene interactions. Conclusion: The g.3977-325 T>C and (g.2988 A>G, g.3977-325 T>C) combinations of fatty acid-binding protein4 were the superior gene, and the superior genotype combinations across all economic traits were the CC genotype at g.3977-325 T>C and the AACC, GACC, GGCC genotypes of (g.2988 A>G, g.3977-325 T>C).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.926-935
• /
• 2015

The efficiency of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) depends on power of detection for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and precision for QTL mapping. In this study, three different strategies for GWAS were applied to detect QTL for carcass quality traits in the Korean cattle, Hanwoo; a linkage disequilibrium single locus regression method (LDRM), a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis (LDLA) and a $BayesC{\pi}$ approach. The phenotypes of 486 steers were collected for weaning weight (WWT), yearling weight (YWT), carcass weight (CWT), backfat thickness (BFT), longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling score (Marb). Also the genotype data for the steers and their sires were scored with the Illumina bovine 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. For the two former GWAS methods, threshold values were set at false discovery rate <0.01 on a chromosome-wide level, while a cut-off threshold value was set in the latter model, such that the top five windows, each of which comprised 10 adjacent SNPs, were chosen with significant variation for the phenotype. Four major additive QTL from these three methods had high concordance found in 64.1 to 64.9Mb for Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 7 for WWT, 24.3 to 25.4Mb for BTA14 for CWT, 0.5 to 1.5Mb for BTA6 for BFT and 26.3 to 33.4Mb for BTA29 for BFT. Several candidate genes (i.e. glutamate receptor, ionotropic, ampa 1 [GRIA1], family with sequence similarity 110, member B [FAM110B], and thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box [TOX]) may be identified close to these QTL. Our result suggests that the use of different linkage disequilibrium mapping approaches can provide more reliable chromosome regions to further pinpoint DNA makers or causative genes in these regions.