• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2018

The LDC (Load Duration Curve) method can analyze river water quality changes according to flow rate and seasonal conditions. It is also possible to visually recognize whether the target water quality is exceeded or the size of the reduction load. For this reason, it is used for the optimal reduction of TPLCs and analysis of the cause of water pollution. At this time, the flow duration curve should be representative of the water body hydrologic curve, but if not, the uncertainty of the interpretation becomes big because the damaged flow condition is changed. The purpose of this study is to estimate the daily mean flow of the unit watershed using the HSPF model and to analyze the difference of the flow duration curves according to the cumulative daily mean flow rate using the NSE technique. The results show that it is desirable to construct the flow duration curve by using the daily average flow rate of at least 5 years although there is a difference by unit watershed. However, this is the result of the water bodies at the end of Han River basin watershed, so further study on various water bodies will be necessary in the future.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.540-545
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• 2005

Large scale projects of sea-land reclamation have been practiced mainly to enlarge farmland in Korea. Most projects produced estuarine reservoir with dike construction, which might result in water quality problems due to block of natural flowing of stream water to the sea. Applicability of a widely accepted watershed-based water quality assessment tool (BASINS) and its associated watershed model was evaluated on the Hwaong watershed in Korea. BASINS was found to be a convenient and powerful tool for assessment of watershed characteristics, and provided various tools to delineate the watershed into land segments and river reaches, reclassify land use, and parameterize for HSPF simulation. WASP5 is a general purpose modeling system for assessing the fate and transport of conventional and toxic pollutants in surface water bodies. This study involved selection and linkage of available models to be used as a tool in evaluating the effects of BMPs for control on reservoir water quality. Overall,.Linkage of BASINS/HSPF and WASP5 was applicable and found to be a powerful tool in pollutant loading estimation from the watershed and reservoir, and its use is recommended.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2011

The use of land cover was sharply changed during 1975~2007 in the Kyungan watershed $(561.12 km^2)$. The changes occurred over an area of more than $227.65 km^2$ during the overall period at changing rates of 1.04% per year for water area, 1.79% per year for residential area, 2.99% per year for bare area, 3.03% per year for wetland area, 3.04% per year for grass area, 0.87% per year for forest and 2.32% per year for agriculture area. Water, residential, bare and wetland areas increased, while grass, forest and agriculture areas decreased during the last 32 years. BOD concentrations of representative sites for each sub-watershed continuously increased until the early 2000s as residential area increased with the highest discharged load, but decreased after the mid 2000s except upper Kyungan watershed. Such decline appears to be associated with the planning of Total Maximum Daily Load management for Gwangju city and expansion of waste water treatment plant. It is necessary to control land use/cover changes of the upper watershed and to prepare appropriate watershed management system for improvement in river environment including water quality, stream flow and bio-diversity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1027-1033
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• 2009

For the assesment of pollutant loads, a monitoring has been conducted to identify hydrologic conditions and water quality of the Oenam watershed in Juam Lake, and the SWAT model integrated with GIS was applied to the watershed and evaluated for its applicability through calibration and verification using observed data. For the model application, digital maps were constructed for watershed boundary, land-use, soil series, digital elevation, and topographic input data of the Oenam watershed using Arcview. The observed runoff was 832.8 mm while the simulated runoff was 842.8 mm in 2003. The model results showed that the simulated runoff was in a good agreement with the observed data and indicated reasonable applicability of the model. In terms of nutrient load, the simulation results of T-N, T-P showed a similar trend to observed values. The observed T-N load was 10.8 kg/ha and the simulated T-N load was 7.6 kg/ha while the observed T-P load was 0.21 kg/ha and the simulated T-P load was 0.18 kg/ha. In general, SWAT model predicted observed runoff and loads of T-N and T-P after calibration with observed data in acceptable range. Overall, SWAT model was satisfactory in estimation of nutrient pollutant loads of the rural watershed.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.367-381
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• 2010

최근 들어 도시화와 이상기후의 영향으로 유역에서의 유출특성과 오염물질 발생특성도 변화하고 있고 이에 따라 정교한 유역 수질분석이 요구되고 있다. 유역의 비점오염원 관리를 위하여 충분조건을 갖추어야 할 정량분석이 선행되어야 하나 점오염원 관리와 달리 자연 내의 복잡한 현상을 반영하여야 하기 때문에 비점오염원의 정량화 해석에 어려움을 겪어왔다. 강우 및 유출량 관계와 덧붙여 오염물질이 하천수질에 영향을 미치기까지 도달시간 해석 및 점오염원과 비점 오염원의 분리가 용이하지 않기 때문이다. 본 연구의 목적은 토양도, 토지이용도 자료 등을 이용하여 유역의 비점오염원을 정량화하고, 비점오염원 관리를 위한 기반자료로 활용하기 위함에 있다. 이를 위하여 유역모형 SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) 모형을 이용하여 비점오염원 정량화를 수행하였다. 유역의 비점오염원 비율은 국립환경과학원에서 조사된 비점오염원 비율인 22~37%정도와 비교적 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타나고 있다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2011

In this study, the accurate water quality analysis in rivers, including the non-point source is performed. First of all, watershed model, SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was applied to analyze the impact of the non-point source in study area. And then, water quality analysis integrating the point source and the non-point source is implemented using QUALKO model. For more exact simulation, it should be the calibration and verification of variables and parameters which are needed for simulation. In addition, the importance of considering the non-point source was confirmed in river water quality simulation. BOD, TN, TP were analysed, and the results shows that BOD, TN and TP concentration was increased to 16.8%, 8.2% and 25.8% respectively. The more accurate estimate will be carried if use of reliable measurements and watershed simulation be done in models linking process. The suggested technique will improve the accuracy of the water quality analysis. The methodologies presented in this study will contribute to basin-wide water quantity and quality management.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.731-741
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• 2015

The objectives of study were to evaluate fish species compositions of trophic guilds and tolerance guilds and apply ecological fish assessment (EFA) models to Bekjae Weir, Keum-River Watershed. The EFA models were Stream Index of Biological Integrity (SIBI) used frequently for running water and Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessment (LEHA) used for assessments of stagnant water. The region of Bekjae Weir as a "four major river project" was originally a lotic ecosystem before the weir construction (2010, $B_{WC}$) but became more like lentic-lotic hybrid system after the construction (2011, $A_{WC}$). In the analysis of species composition and ecological bioindicator (fish), fish species with a preference of running water showed significant decreases (p < 0.05), whereas the species with a preference of stagnant water showed significant increases (p < 0.05). After the weir construction, relative abundances of tolerant species increased, and the proportion of insectivores decreased. This phenomenon indicated the changes of biotic compositions in the system by the weir construction. Applications of SIBI and LEHA models to the system showed that the two model values decreased at the same time after the weir construction ($A_{WC}$), and the region became more like lentic-lotic hybrid system, indicating the degradation of ecosystem health. The model values of SIBI were 19 and 16, respectively, in the BWC and AWC, and the health conditions were both "C-rank". In the mean time, the LEHA model analysis showed that the values was 28 in the BWC and 24 in the AWC, thus the health was turned to be "B-Rank" in the BWC and "C-Rank" in the AWC. indicating a degradation of ecological heath after the weir construction.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2016

Regionally the lowest average concentration of TOC was observed with 0.66 mg/L in Nakdong river, while the highest concentration of TOC was observed with 0.91 mg/L in Yeongsan river. The average concentration of TOC for national water quality monitoring site showed that the lowest average concentration of TOC was 1.58 mg/L in Han river, while the highest concentration of TOC was 3.37 mg/L in Yeongsan river. Seasonally, the average concentration of TOC at six upstream sites showed 0.77 mg/L and 0.56 mg/L, 0.69 mg/L and 0.63 mg/L, 0.80 mg/L and 0.73 mg/L, and 1.21 mg/L and 0.68 mg/L between wet season and dry season in Han river, Nakdong river, Gem river and Yeongsan river, respectively. For the national water quality site, the average concentration of TOC between wet season and dry season was 1.70 mg/L and 1.45 mg/L in Han river, 2.01 mg/L and 1.75 mg/L in Nakdong river, 2.01 mg/L and 1.60 mg/L in Gem river, and 3.75 mg/L and 3.00 mg/L in Yeongsan river. The distribution of TOC in upstream and national water quality monitoring sites on four major rivers have been influenced by seasonal and regional characteristics in Korea.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.13-30
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in vegetation and flora after five years through field surveys data with the Han Gang Watershed Management Committee (2013) data in order to observe natural vegetation changes in the riparian zone of Han River watershed. As a result, the flora of the riparian zone in 2012 were listed total 231 taxa, 66 families, 158 genus, 207 species, 23 varieties, and 1 forms, and in 2017, a total 247 taxa, 74 families, 174 genus, 218 species, 27 varieties, and 2 forms were identified. The number of rare plants decreased from 4 taxa in 2012 to 2 taxa in total in 2017, and the number of endemic plants increased from 1 taxa to 3 taxa. The number of specific plants by floral region decreased from 21 taxa (9.1% of all 231 taxa of flora) in 2012 to 16 taxa (6.5% of all 247 taxa of flora) in 2017. The total number of naturalized plants is analyzed to increase from 35 taxa, a naturalization rate of 15.15% (all 231 taxa of flora) and urbanization index of 11.2% (all 312 taxa of naturalized plants) in 2012 to 44 taxa a naturalization rate of 17.8% (all 231 taxa of flora) and urbanization index of 14.1%(all 312 taxa of naturalized plants) in 2017. The ecosystem disturbance species showed an increase in both number of species and cover degree grades, indicating that the riparian zone changed in a negative direction.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 돌발홍수 예경보시스템의 수문학적 구성요소인 한계유출량을 Manning의 제방월류 유량, 지형기후 학적 순간판위도 기법을 활용하여 한강유역을 대상으로 산정하였다. 한강유역의 3" DEM자료를 이용하여 미세소유 역 구분($1.02\~56.41km^2$), 하도 및 하도경사를 GIS로부터 추출함으로써 한계유출량 산정을 위한 유역 매개변수를 구축하였다. 또한 유역 및 하도간의 지역적 회귀분석을 위해 실측 소하천 하도단면자료를 수집하여 통계학적으로 최적의 회귀식을 추정하고, 이를 통해 한계유출량 계산의 하도 입력자료를 생성하였다. 이러한 유역 및 하도 매개변수를 통해 한강 headwater 유역에서 산정된 한계유출량은 $2mm/h\~14mm/6hr$의 범위를 보이며, 지속시간 1시간인 경우 $97\%$가 8m보다 작은 값이고 6시간인 경우 $98\%$가 14mm보다 작은 값으로 산정되었다. 계산된 한계유출량과 유역 및 하도 매개변수사이의 민감도는 유역면적과 같은 유역의 지형인자보다는 하도경사, 하폭, 마찰경사와 같은 하도 지형인자에 비교적 큰 변동성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 한강유역 한계유출량을 국외의 타 연구사례와 비교 한 결과 그 계산결과가 적절한 것으로 판단된다.