• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various regions of sorghum-sorghum hybrid (SSH) silage on nutritive values and qualities of SSH silage. SSH "SS405" was harvested at ripen stage and ensiled. Samples of SSH silage used in this study were collected in three regions (outside, middle and inside). The contents of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in SSH silage were not influenced by SSH silage manufacture methods and lactic acid bacteria. The contents of CP in inside region of SSH silage were lower than those of outside and middle regions (p<0.05). However, the contents of NDF, ADF and TDN, and IVDMD were not different between the regions of SSH silage. The content of lactic acid in SSH round bale silage was significantly decreased (p<0.05), as compared to SSH square bale silage (SB), gunny bag silage (GB) and trench silage (TS). The contents of acetic acid and butyric acid in SSH silage were not influenced by SSH silage manufacture methods and lactic acid bacteria. The contents of lactic acid in inside region of SSH silage were lower than those of outside and middle regions (p<0.05). In addition, the contents of lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid were not different between the regions of SSH silage. Therefore we suggest that nutritive values and quality of SSH silage were not influenced by regions of sampling collected from these silages.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.178-185
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• 2009

Background: Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the major catechin in green tea, and has shown antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic and cell cycle pertubation activity in various tumor models. Hypoxia can be induced because angiogenesis is insufficient for highly proliferating cancer. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1$\alpha$ (HIF-1$\alpha$) and its downstream target, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are important for angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine how hypoxia could cause changes in the cellular phenomena and microenvironment in a non-small cell culture system and to examine the effects of EGCG on a HIF-1$\alpha$ and VEGF in A549 cell line. Methods: A549 cells, a non-small cell lung cancer cell line, were cultured with DMEM and 10% fetal bovine serum. A decrease in oxygen tension was induced using a hypoxia microchamber and a $CO_2-N_2$ gas mixture. Gas analysis and a MTT assay were performed. The A549 cells were treated with EGCG (0, 12.5, 25, 50 ${\mu}mol/L$), and then examined by real-time-PCR analysis of HIF-1$\alpha$, VEGF, and $\beta$-actin mRNA. Results: Hypoxia reduced the proliferation of A549 cells from normoxic conditions. EGCG inhibited HIF-1$\alpha$ transcription in A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to HIF-1$\alpha$, VEGF was not inhibited by EGCG. Conclusion: HIF-1$\alpha$ can be inhibited by EGCG. This suggests that targeting HIF-1$\alpha$ with a EGCG treatment may have therapeutic potential in non-small cell lung cancers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2005

Purpose : We reviewed the therapeutic results of various Duct-Occlud coils(pfm AG, $K{\ddot{o}}ln$, Germany) to evaluate the efficacy of the most-recently modified Duct-Occlud coil(Nit-Occlud) in the transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), including large defects more than 4 mm in diameter. Methods : Two hundred and five patients who underwent percutaneous PDA occlusion using Duct-Occlud devices from March 1996 to December 2003 were enrolled and four types of Duct-Occlud [Standard(S), Reinforced(R), Reinforced reverse cone(RR) and Nit-Occlud(N)] were used in this study. The patients were followed up by echocardiogram and physical examination before discharge, one month, six months and 12 months after the procedure. Results : The rate of residual shunt according to the type of Duct-Occlud were as follows : S-54%, R-72%, RR-50%, N-14%(P<0.05 compared with other devices) at one month, S-25%, R-44%, RR-37%, N-0%(P<0.05 compared with other devices) at six months, S-8%, R-8%, RR-4%, N-0%(P<0.05 compared with S and R) at 12 months and later. Nit-Occlud coil showed the complete occlusion of PDA after six months of follow-up, even in 12 patients with relatively large PDA(>4 mm). Conclusion : The transcatheter closure of PDA using Duct-Occlud was an effective treatment and our study revealed that a Nit-Occlud coil which showed higher rate of occlusion even in PDA with large diameters over than 4 mm, was a more effective modality compared to previous devices.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2005

Purpose: To study the mechanism of injuries or discomfort during kendo and to analyze the causes of injury, injured parts of body, treatments modalities, and degree of return to the pre-injury activity level. Materials and Methods: We studied ninety-eight kendo players who had played at three gymnasium of Korean Kumdo Association, were older than high-school age, had been playing kendo for more than six months, and had any pain or discomfort after playing kendo. We analyzed the questionnaire and interviewed the patients concerning the injured parts of body, symptoms, treatments. Results; The mean age was 30.2 years old, and the onset of symptoms was between two weeks and six months after starting the kendo. Many of them were injured during attacking(32.2%). The injuries of feet were increased on players who exercised for less than 1 year. Only fifty-nine players(60.2%) were treated within one month. Among them, thirty-eight percent were treated by oriental medicine or other departments and only thirty-six percent were treated by orthopaedic surgeons. The prevalence of injuries of the foot and ankle was highest(38.8%), and there were the wrist(13.1%), shoulder(11.9%), knee(11.9%) in order of prevalence. Fifty percents of them could return to the pre-injury activity level. Conclusion: The prevalence of injuries of the foot and ankle was highest(38.8%), and were increased on players who exercised for less than 1 year. Sixty percents of players were treated with any proper modalities, and only thirty-six percent were treated by orthopaedic surgeons.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2001

Purpose : It is not common to evaluate the response of the fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) to primary hepatoma as compared with conventional radiotherapy. The purpose of the study was to take the preliminary result on the clinical trial of primary hepatoma by SRT. Materials and Methods : From July 1999 to March 2000, thirty three patients were hospitalized in the St. Mary's Hospital, and treated with SRT for extracranial tumors. Among them, 13 patients were diagnosed to primary hepatoma and then applied by frameless SRT using 6 MV linac accelerator. There were 12 male and 1 female patients. They had the age of $ 44\~66$ year old (median : 59) and the tumor size of $10\~825\;cc$ (median : 185 cc). SRT was given to them $3\~5$ fractions a week (5 Gy/fraction, $90\%$ isodose line) for $2\~3$ weeks. Median dose of SRT was 50 Gy and the range was $30\~50\;Gy$. Results : Follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 13 months with median of 8 months. After treating SRT to thirteen patients with primary hepatoma, the response of the tumor was examined by abdominal CT : they are classified by 1 complete regression $(7.7\%)$, 7 partial regression $(53.8\%)$, 4 minimal regression $(30.8\%)$, 1 stable disease $(7.7\%)$. The positive responses more than partial remission were 8 patients $(61.5\%)$ after the treatment. The level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) after the treatment as compared with pretreatment had been $92.3\%$ decreased. There was no severe complication except dyspepsia $84.6\%$, mild nausea $69.2\%$, transient decreased of hepatic function $15.4\%$ and fever $7.7\%$. Conclusion : SRT to the patients with primary hepatoma was potentially suggested to become the safe and more effective tool than the conventional radiotherapy even though there were relatively short duration of follow-up and small numbers to be tested.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2018

This study was to investigate the optimal condition of mixture ratio for development of functional food ingredient from Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran. First, $^{\circ}Brix$ was measured along with extraction time. Five kinds of mixtures of Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran (10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) were extracted in $95^{\circ}C$ water over a one-hour period and the extraction yield was evaluated. We further evaluated ${\beta}-glucan$ content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content and total flavonoids content. As a result, both Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran showed a constant $^{\circ}Brix$ after 45 minutes of extraction time. The content of ${\beta}-glucan$ was highest in the Sarcodon aspratus and rice bran mixture with a ratio of 3:7. As the ratio of rice bran increased in all mixtures, the antioxidant capacity also increased. In conclusion, to create a functional food ingredient the optimal mixing ratio of Sarcodon aspratus to rice bran is 3:7.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.865-870
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• 2017

Yogurt is produced by fermentation of milk using bacteria known as "yogurt cultures". Most of these bacteria are probiotics such as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lb. rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium. The domestic fermented milk market is increasing, and about 30 companies are producing yogurt. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality characteristics of domestic commercial liquid yogurt. Total 30types of commercial yogurts were sampled and their physicochemicial properties, including pH, sugar content, acidity, viscosity, and microbial characteristics of lactic acid bacteria counts, were measured. Commercial liquid type yogurt showed a pH of 4.5, sugar content of 7.4-21.2%, total acid content of 0.4-0.9%, and viscosity of 0.1-250 cP. In terms of microbial populations, lactic acid bacteria counts were 7.2-11.3 log CFU/mL and anaerobic lactic acid bacteria counts were 8.0-11.5 log CFU/mL. The quality characteristics differed depending on the constituents of the sample and the microorganisms used. These results are related to the quality characteristics of yogurts and are useful for identifying new trends in the domestic fermented milk industry.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.304-313
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the resistance starch(RS) content and in vitro hydrolysis index of roasted rice flours for low GI food development. This study used intermediate and high amylose rice varieties containing resistant starch. The intermediate amylose rice varieties 'Ilmi' and high amylose rice varieties, 'Goami4' and 'Dodamssal' were tested. The crude fat and crude protein contents of the rice cultivars ranged 2.12~3.08% and 6.2~7.63%, respectively. The RS and amylose contents of Dodamssal and Goami4 were higher than those of Ilmi. RS content of Ilmi was not significantly different before and after roasting treatment. The RS content of Goami4 before roasting was significantly higher than that of Dodamssal, but the RS content of Dodamssal was higher than that of Goami4 at temperatures above $210^{\circ}C$ of roasting. The soluble starch decreased after roasting in Goami4 and Dodamssal. Starch hydrolysis index (HI) and expected glycemic index (GI) were higher in order of Imi, Goami4 and Dodamssal regardless of roasting treatment. The sensory evaluation showed high scores in Dodamssal for color, flavor, bitter taste, bitter taste, sweet taste and sweetness at $240^{\circ}C$ for 10 min and $210^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The results of this study indicate that Dodamssal was suitable varieties for powder meal with low GI.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.239-247
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• 2021

In order to confirm the impact of the Positive List System (PLS) being applied to all agricultural products from January 1, 2019, we analyzed 28,693 points of inspection-related data on agricultural products distributed in Gyeonggi-do from 2018 to 2020. The ratio of cases exceeding the standard for the total inspection performance was 1.0% in 2018, 1.2% in 2019, and 1.2% in 2020. Out of the 114 cases exceeding the standard in 2019, 55 were applied on a Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg, and out of the 115 cases exceeding the standard in 2020, 66 were applied on a MRL of 0.01 mg/kg. To improve this, it seems necessary to manage unintentional pollution, conventional use for unregistered crops, and illegal pesticides. Fluquinconazole detection resulted from unintentional contamination, and diazinon, chlorothalonil, and methabenzthiazuron detection resulted from conventional use in unregistered crops. Chinomethionat is a pesticide component that was discarded in the past and its current use has been attributed to the smuggling of pesticides. This study and future monitoring data can be used as reference data for system supplementation and on-site management reinforcement.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.149-158
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate pesticide residues in 160 stalk and stem vegetables marketed in Northern Gyeonggi-do. The QuEChERS method using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS was employed to analyze the residues of 341 pesticides in the samples. The maximum or lower than the residue limit was recorded in 75 samples (46.9%), while 4 samples (2.5%) exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL). Thirty-nine kinds of residual pesticides were detected including fungicides (14), insecticides (22), herbicides (2), and plant growth regulator (1). Carbendazim and pendimethalin were the most frequelntly detected pesticides. Fenitrothion, procymidone, and diazinon exceeded MRL in garlic chives, and Welsh onion. This indicated that these vegetables along with water celery should be constantly monitored.