• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2001

Seismic refraction and electrical resistivity surveys were conducted in Bangeosan Maaebul site located in Haman, Kyungnam, in order to present geophysical safety analysis method for masonry cultural properties. Seismic refraction exploration revealed that the ground was composed of three layers in term of seismic wave velocity; the upper, medium, and lower layers. The low velocity ranging from 308 to 366 m/sec in upper layer suggests weathered soil, the intermediate velocity from 1906 to 2090 m/sec in the medium layer indicates weathered rocks, and the high velocity from 5061 to 5650 m/sec in the lower layer implies extremely hard rocks. Our seismic result suggests that the upper and medium layer around the Maaebul should be reinforced to support the construct. The result of electric resistivity survey shows that there exists a low resistivity zone, ranging from 131 to 226 Ohm-m, at the right side of the Maaebul with the direction of NE-NNE. This area is the weakness zone as it plays role of the underground water passage in rainy season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2019

The objective of this study is to analyze habitat distribution on tiger, wolf, and leopard in Joseonwangjosilok. Nowaday, we only come to meet these kind of animals at the historical records because of haman-induced habitat encroachment. Historically, extinct animal became an object of game by people. So, we try to get distribution information for restoration on historical extinct animals. We made distribution map by constructing 402 counts on tiger(350), leopard(51) and wolf(1) recordsfrom 14th to Early 20th century for study. Analyzing historical materials, criteria for data analysis took into account objectivity, location information, accuracy for extinct animals. We carried out location identification of animals by using geocoding comparing with geographical name of the Joseon Dynasty period, topographic map of time under the rule of Japanese imperialism, present place name and historical materials. Database items are constructed 20 types for example appearance year of animal, population, location, damage, etc. As a result of analysis for appearance regions, tigers were recorded in capital area of higher density population intensively, and also were frequently seen at Daegu, Andong etc. Leopard and wolf were founded at regionally Gyeonggi-do and Jinju with limitation, relatively seen a few number. The reason of the appearance records like this, tiger prefer game of open and water-front area in near human residential area, there are lots of historical records such as 'Hosang'(mourning someone who killed by Tiger) and hunting. But leopard and wolf inhabit rocky area and dense forest, the reason why they made a few contact with human. Results of this are expect to be applicable restoration research for extinct animal by providing for populations, habitat environments and distribution information.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.389-397
• /
• 2019

The infection status of Clinostomum complanatum metacercariae (CcMc) was broadly surveyed in fishes from water systems of Nakdong-gang (River) in the Republic of Korea (Korea) for 5 years. All 4,468 fishes collected were individually examined by the artificial digestion methods. No CcMc were detected in fishes from Naeseongcheon in Yecheongun, Gigyecheon in Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Hamancheon in Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. In fishes from Wicheon in Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, CcMc were detected in 180 (15.4%) out of 1,168 fishes and their intensity was 5.8 per fish infected. The prevalences with CcMc in positive fish species from 3 other surveyed areas, i.e., Banbyeoncheon in Yeongyang-gun, Nakdong-gang in Sangju-si and Hoecheon in Goryeong-gun, in Gyeongsangbuk-do were 19.3%, 33.3%, and 19.0% and their intensities were 1.5, 17.6, and 2.6 per fish infected respectively. In fishes from Yangcheon in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, CcMc were detected in 811 (45.6%) out of 1,779 fishes examined and their intensity was 9.8 per fish infected. The prevalence was most high in Squalidus spp. (97.7%) and followed by acheilognathinid fish (66.8%), Pungtungia herzi (52.0%), rasborinid fish (39.6%) and Hemibarbus spp. (25.9%) from Yangcheon. The intensity was also most high in Squalidus spp. (27.0). The endemicity with CcMc was very low in fishes from water systems of Nakdong-gang in the east coast of Korea. Conclusively, it is confirmed that various fish species act as the second intermediate hosts of C. complanatum, and the endemicities of CcMc are more or less different by the fish species and group from Yangcheon, in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.353-365
• /
• 2020

In this study, the characteristics of bed elevation changes of the Nakdong River when weir gates are opened were analyzed using the Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). The study area was 292.37 km downstream of the Gudam Bridge to the Nakdong estuary of the Nakdong River. The HEC-RAS program, which is a 1D numerical analysis model, was used to simulate bed elevation changes. Simulations were conducted under two scenarios from 2017 to 2019. Scenarios 1 and 2 were devised under the conditions of a fully opened gate and during gate installation, respectively. Results confirmed that, under the conditions of Scenario 1, deposition occurred in most sections from the Hapcheon-Changnyeong weir to the Changnyeong-Haman weir (a distance of approximately 40 km). In addition, it was predicted that the flow that included sediments in the main stream of the Nakdong River was not interrupted by the weir structure and regularly produced changes in the river bed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the microbial community and quality characteristics of traditional soybean pastes (doenjang) based on the aging period in Gyeongnam province. The samples were collected from seven regions in Gyeongnam Province (Goseong, Hadong, Haman, Hamyang, Sacheon, Sancheong and Uiryeong). Contents of moisture, salinity, pH, and acidity of doenjang after 210 days aging were 56.40~65.21%, 9.05~16.08%, 4.88~6.86 and 0.64~2.14%, respectively. Lightness significantly decreased over the aging period, while the redness tended to increase over the aging period. Yellowness was from 21.39~26.81 to 21.10~28.36. Reducing sugar content was from 0.31~1.45% to 0.11~3.13%. The amino-type content increased from 141.87~495.13 mg/100 g to 328.53~823.67 mg/100 g. In contrast, the ammonia-type content declined from 136.74~364.70 mg/ 100 g to 128.62~331.00 mg/100 g. The overall total microbial count did not significantly differ, but it tended to decrease in sample GD4. Fungus declined overall or was not detected. Coliform groups were not detected in all samples. Lactobacillus and Bacillus cereus tended to decrease over the aging period. The common fungus and bacterium were Aspergillus oryzae and Tetragenococcus halophilus, respectively. After the aging period, the predominant fungi were Candida versatilis, Candida apicola, and Debaryomyces hansenii. The predominant bacteria were Tetragenococcus halophilus and Cronobacter sakazakii.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.133-153
• /
• 2009

Two empirical studies were conducted to examine what determines the happiness of Korean adolescents. In Study 1, 155 high school students were asked to describe situations where they felt happy. Content analysis was conducted for their responses, which led to three categories, physical (economy, health and appearance), psychological (self-related responses, rest and leasure, and religion), and social one (haman relationship including family, friendship, etc, and social achievement). In Study 2, 450 high school students rated themselves on each of 88 happiness items developed through the responses obtained in Study 1. Factor analysis created 10 happiness factors labeled familial relationship, individuality, academic performance, religion, dating friends, appearance, self-discovery, economy, friendships, and psychological composure. These findings were compared with those findings about the middle-aged and the old-aged, and discussed on the developmental and cultural perspective.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.50-64
• /
• 2019

Recently, quantitative analyses of food web structure based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes are widely applied to environmental assessments as well as ecological researches of various ecosystems, particularly rivers and streams. In the present study, we analyzed carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of POM (both planktonic and attached forms), zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish collected from 6 sites located at Nakdong River. Samples were collected from upstream areas of 5 weirs (Sangju, Gangjeong-Goryeong, Dalseong, Hapcheon-Changnyeong, and Changnyeong-Haman Weirs) and one downstream area of Hapcheon-Changnyeong Weir in dry season (June) and after rainy season (September). We suggested ranges of their carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios and calculated their trophic levels in the food web to compare their temporal and spatial variations. Trophic levels of organisms were relatively higher in Sangju Weir located at upper part of Nakdong River, and decreased thereafter. However, the trophic levels were recovered at the Changnyeong-Haman Weir, the lowest weir in the river. The trophic level calculated by nitrogen stable isotope ratios showed more reliable ranges when they were calculated based on zooplankton than POM used as baseline. The suggested quantitative ecological information of the majority of biological communities in Nakdong River would be helpful to understand the response of river food web to environmental disturbances and can be applied to various further researches regarding the quantitative approaches for the understanding food web structure and function of river ecosystems as well as restoration.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to compare the storage characteristics of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) before and after removing the T-shaped stalk. For the investigation of the physiochemical properties of the watermelo, the watermelaon was stored at room temperature and $7^{\circ}C$, respectively. The average weight of the watermelon (7.8 kg) decreased by 0.6~0.7% at $7^{\circ}C$ and by 1.9~2% at room temperature during the storage period of 30 days. The hardness of watermelon reduced from 755 g to 542~549 g at room temperature for 30 days. However, the existence of T-shape stalk did not significantly affect on their weight and hardness. In addition, the pH, total acid content, and inner moisture of the watermelon were not significantly changed during the storage periods while the soluble solid at room temperature was significantly decreased from $11.3^{\circ}Brix$ to $9.3^{\circ}Brix$ after 30 days of storage. The internal redness of the watermelon decreased from 36.7 to 31.7~33.6. The total amount of its free sugar was increased from the original amount (8,133 mg/100 g) and then decreased. However, the stalk did not significantly affect on the amount of total free sugar under the same storage condition, too. Thus, there was no significant difference between the results of leaving the T-shaped stalk and removing it after harvesting the watermelon.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.632-638
• /
• 2010

The genetic diversity among 48 persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) accessions, indigenous in Korea and introduced from Japan and China, was evaluated by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. From 20 SSR primer sets, a total of 114 polymorphic markers were detected among 12 pollination-constant non-astringent (PCNA), 13 pollination-variant non-astringent (PVNA), 15 pollination-variant astringent (PVA), and 8 pollination-constant astringent (PCA) cultivars. Analysis of pair-wise genetic similarity coefficient (Nei-Li) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) clustering revealed two main clusters and four subclusters for cluster I. The subclustering pattern was in accordance with the classification of persimmon cultivars based on the nature of astringency loss. Phenetic relationships among the subclusters showed a closer relatedness of the PCNA group with the PVNA group, and the PVA with the PCA group. Genetic similarity co-efficiency was 0.499 on average and the highest (0.954) similarity was observed between 'Cheongdo-Bansi' and 'Haman-Bansi'. The similarity was lowest (0.192) between 'Damopan'and 'Atago'. Identification of each cultivar with the execption of 'Cheongdo-Bansi' and 'Gyeongsan-Bansi' was possible based on the SSR fingerprints, suggesting that these SSR markers are a useful tool for protecting intellectual property on newly developed cultivars.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to examine the suitability of genetic evaluation models using the integrated racing records collected from Gwacheon and Busan Gyeongnam racetracks. Results obtained are summarized as follows: In the short-distance races of 1,400 meters and less the records of finishing time at Gwacheon racetrack was superior, whereas, in the races of 1,800 meters and more it was superior in the records from Busan Gyeongnam racetrack. The effects of contemporary groups accounted for 42.7~70.2% of the total variation, and the effects of the individual race considering racing classes was the biggest in all racing distances. Heritabilities and repeatabilities for the finishing time were estimated in the range of 0.153-0.238 and 0.401-0.498, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the breeding values estimated from the integrated records and the breeding values estimated from records of Gwacheon and Busan-Gyeongnam were 0.907 and 0.803, and coefficients of rank correlations were 0.891 and 0.846, respectively. The correlation coefficients between sire's annual earning of the integrated records and Gwacheon and Busan Gyeongnam racetracks records were 0.943 and 0.886, and coefficients of rank correlations were 0.938 and 0.853, respectively. Also, the correlation coefficient of sire's annual earning between Gwacheon and Busan Gyeongnam racetracks was 0.742. The results of this analysis indicate that the genetic evaluation using the integrated racing records are reliable when the racing records from Busan Gyeongnam racetracks are stabilized and more data are accumulated.