• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.267-269
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• 2015

A two-year-old spayed female pug presented with symmetrical hyperpigmented alopecic lesions on her axillary and inguinal regions. There were no remarkable findings in dermatologic examinations and hormonal assays. Histological examination of biopsied tissues revealed prominent lymphocytic perifolliculitis along with shrunk hair follicles. Immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD79a, CD4, and CD8 showed a positive stain for CD4 antigen around hair bulbs, suggesting CD4 positive T lymphocyte infiltration. This case suggests the possibility that CD4 T lymphocyte-mediated inflammatory reaction could be a main mechanism in canine alopecia areata. Additional studies are warranted to investigate the immunological mechanism in canine species.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify sexual maturity, sexual knowledge and sexual attitude in late elementary school children and to provide basic data to develop more concrete and practical applications for sexual education. Method: The participants were 1,959 fifth and sixth graders from 8 elementary schools in Busan and Gyungnam. Result: Sexual maturity for boys was at the $1.3{\pm}\;.6$ stage and pubic hair $1.2{\pm}\;.6$. Breast maturity for girls was at the $2.3{\pm}\;.7$ stage, and pubic hair, $1.7{\pm}\;.8$. Of the boys, 5.9% had experienced nocturnal emission, and of the girls, 20.9% had experienced menarche. Sexual knowledge was lower than the mean. They were not well informed about contraception and sexual disease. Sexual knowledge of girls and of sixth graders was higher than boys and fifth graders. The more mature students had higher sexual knowledge. Sexual attitude was generally positive but was more positive for girls than for boys. Sexual maturity, sexual knowledge, and sexual attitude were positively correlated. Conclusion: Because sexual maturity comes earlier, systematic sexual education is needed for elementary students. Institutional and economic support should continue to be given to the sexual education programs in school, home and community.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.13-28
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment on 222 patients with alopecia areata. Methods : The subjects of this study were 222 patients who had received Korean medical treatment among the patients who visited the Balmer's Korean Medicine Clinic from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. The extent of the alopecia areata was measured every month to determine the improvement. We analyzed the relationship between the types of alopecia areata, the extent of hair loss, duration of illness, age at first visit, and the treatment of alopecia areata. Results : 1. There were 100 males(45.0%) and 122 females(55.0%). The mean age of patients was 35.3 years old. 2. Of the 222 patients, 142(64%) were "cured". 31(14%) showed "good", 21(9.5%) showed "fair", 28(12.6%) showed "poor" improvement. 3. According to clinical records, of the 64 patients with alopecia areata(AA), 48(75.0%) were cured. Of the 100 patients with alopecia areata multiplex(AAM), 68 patients (68.0%), 12(50.0%) out of 24 patients with ophiasis, 5(55.6%) out of 9 with alopecia semi-totalis(AST), 3(50.0%) out of 6 patients with alopecia totalis(AT), 6(31.6%) out of 19 patients with alopecia universalis(AU) were cured. 4. Patients with the wider hair loss extent and with more severe type of alopecia areata required longer treatment period to cure, and the cure rate was lowered(p<0.05). 5. The shorter duration of the disease was related to the higher cure rate(p<0.05). If the treatment was started after six months of the duration, the cure rate was lowered. Therefore, beginning treatment within six months of the onset is recommended. 6. The period until terminal hair showed was 1.5 months for AA, 1.7 months for AAM, 1.6 months for ophiasis, 1.9 months for AST, 2.3 months for AT, 3.2 months for AU. 7. The treatment period to cure was 4.9 months for AA, 7.3 months for AAM, 7.7 months for ophiasis, 6.8 months for AST, 7.7 months for AT, 16.3 months for AU. 8. The major prognostic factors were extent and type of alopecia, duration of the disease and relapse. Conclusions : We analyzed the effectiveness of Korean medical treatment through cure rate according to the prognostic factors. This study will provide useful data for the treatment of alopecia areata.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.427-432
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• 2012

Primary cilia, single hair-like appendage on the surface of the most mammalian cells, were once considered to be vestigial cellular organelles for a past century because of their tiny structure and unknown function. Although they lack ancestral motility function of cilia or flagella, they share common ground with multiciliated motile cilia and flagella on internal structure such as microtubule based nine outer doublets nucleated from the base of mother centrioles called basal body. Making cilia, ciliogenesis, in cells depends on the cell cycle stage due to reuse of centrioles for cell division forming mitotic spindle pole (M phase) and assembling cilia from basal body (starting G1 phase and maintaining most of interphase). Ciliary assembly required two conflicting processes such as assembly and disassembly and balance between these two processes determines the length of cilia. Both process required highly conserved transport system to supply needed substance to grow tip of cilia and bring ciliary turnover product back to the base of cilia using motor protein, kinesin and dynein, and transport protein complex, IFT particles. Disruption of ciliary structure or function causes multiple human disorder called ciliopathies affecting disease of diverse ciliated tissues ranging from eye, kidney, respiratory tract and brain. Recent explosion of research on the primary cilia and their involvement on animal development and disease attracts scientific interest on how extensively the function of cilia related to specific cell physiology and signaling pathway. In this review, I introduce general features of primary cilia and recent progress in understanding of the ciliary length control and signaling pathways transduced through primary cilia in vertebrates.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-89
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• 2017

Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder, including clinical features of pigmentary abnormalities of irides, skin, hair and sensorineural hearing loss and facial dysmorphism. Among the four types, WS type IV (Waardenburg-Shah syndrome) additionally represents Hirschsprung's disease. Mutations in the SOX10, END3, or EDNRB genes are known to cause WS type IV. Here, we report a 6 year-old girl who was diagnosed as WS type IV by typical clinical manifestations, including skin hypopigmentation, heterochromia of both irides, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss, mild developmental delay and Hirschsprung's disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular genetic analysis of EDNRB. Two novel EDNRB mutations were identified, and each mutation was segregated from each of her parents. During the follow-up period, the patient underwent a surgery for spleen torsion and was medically managed due to recurrent enterocolitis. Also, she suffered from impaired immunity including Hirschsprung's associated enterocolitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.159-165
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• 1996

The study was clinically performed with the 128 out patients of dermatic disease who had visited the Dept. of dermatology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing traditional medical college from May 2nd to February 14th 1996. The results were as follows. 1. The dermatologic findings which showed higher incidence in this study were Acne of Melasma 27 cases($21.0\%$), Psoriasis 25($19.5\%$), Eczema including Contact dermatitis 21($16.4\%$), Seborrheic dermatitis including Alopecia of hair 12($9.3\%$) and Urticaria 11($8.5\%$). 2. The sex ratio of male to female was 4.5 : 5.5. The peak incidence of age group was 30-39($21.8\%$). 3. In the duration of disease, 37 cases($28.9\%$) were between 1 year and 5 years. 27($21.1\%$) were over 10 years. 4. About the single herb drugs, they are Angelicas gigantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix and Salviae Radix in order of frequencies. In the case of pill type, Danggui gosam hwan. Chunggan hwan. Whaeo hwan and Shinnongjiyang hwan are most frequently used. In the case of topica, Whangyeongo, Juachanggo and Soeungo are used in high frequencies. 5. For the test and surgical treatment KOH surgical treatment of Molluscum contagiosum in 8 cases and the bloody treatment of Chronic psoriasis in 3 cases.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the frequency and course of adverse events associated with azathioprine treatment in Korean pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Total of 174 pediatric patients (age range, 1 to 19 years) with inflammatory bowel disease who received azathioprine in order to maintain remission at Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) from January 2002 through December 2012 were included in this study. Medical records of these subjects were retrospectively reviewed regarding the development of adverse events associated with azathioprine treatment. Results: Ninety-eight patients (56.3%) of 174 patients experienced 136 episodes of adverse events, requiring dose reduction in 31 patients (17.8%), and discontinuation in 18 patients (10.3%). The mean dose of azathioprine that had been initially administered was $1.32{\pm}0.42$ mg/kg/day. Among the adverse reactions, bone marrow suppression developed in 47 patients (27.0%), requiring dose reduction in 22 patients (12.6%) and discontinuation in 8 patients (4.6%). Other adverse events that occurred were gastrointestinal disturbance (15.5%), hair loss (12.1%), pancreatitis (7.5%), arthralgia (6.9%), hepatotoxicity (2.9%), skin rash/allergic reactions (2.9%), headache/dizziness (2.3%), sepsis (0.6%), and oral mucositis (0.6%). Conclusion: Bone marrow suppression, especially leukopenia was most commonly associated with azathioprine treatment in Korean pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients. Close observation for possible adverse events is required in this population with inflammatory bowel diseases who are under treatment with azathioprine.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.512-518
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• 1997

This study was performed to determine the amount of aluminum, which is one of the factors of Alzheimer's disease, In some fishes caught from some areas of the west coast in Korea. The 46 aquatic products were composed of fishes, molluscs, and salt-fermented products (jeot-gal). The 24 fishes were Hickory shad, Gobies, Pomfref, Atkafish, Flounder, Jambeng-ie Monk fish, Yellow hair tail, Mackerel, Bartailed flathead, Alaska pollack, Brown croaker, Eel, Fine-spotted flounder, Black spotted grouper, Sea-eel, Pacific saury, Areliscus honaleus, Small boil-dried anchovy, Croaker, Hair tail, Sea bream genuine, Motleystrip rainbowfish, and Bastard halibut. The 15 Molluscs were Whip-arm octopus, Sea arrow, Common squid, Han chi, Cuttle fish, Turban shell, Pond snail, Orient calm, Surf calm, Butter calm, Crib shell, Oyster, Egg cockle, Little neck calm, and Arkshell. The 7 salt-fermented products were salt-fermented Shrimp, Little neck, Oyster, Shad, Gonjeng-ie, Hqangsegi, and Squid. All of them were ashed with 5$m\ell$ HNO$_3$ and then with 10$m\ell$ ternary solution (HNO$_3$ : H$_2$SO$_4$ : HClO$_4$= 10 : 1 : 4). After ashing of the samples, the aluminum amount were measured by ICP. The aluminum amount of molluscs was significantly higher than that of fishes and salt-fermented products(p＜0.01). The aluminum amount of Orient calm and Healak in molluscs were 827.70, 812.55ppm, respectively, which were the most amounts compared nth that of the other samples. But the aluminum amounts of Bartailed flathead and Sea bream, genuine In fishes were 0.98, 0.97ppm, respectively, which were the least amounts compared with that of other samples. This study was limited within 46 aquatic samples, therefore I hope there will be wider efforts to determine about auminum amount in broade range of aquatic foods for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2015

Objectives This paper focused on developing the acupuncture-moxibustion device for head. Disadvantages of the existing devices for head moxibustion are its hume and inconvenience in operating because of the hair. Methods The proposed acupuncture-moxibustion device for GV20(Baihui) is 10mm long as needle body and 6mm long as needle root whose feature are 1~2 turns spiral coil. The spiral coil contains the moxa in order not to drop the moxa while operating Results The direct temperature on the burning moxa were measured by TK-305 infrared thermometer. But the direct temperature on the needle of acupuncture-moxibustion device were not able to measure by TK-305 infrared thermometer. By definition equation, the indirect temperatures on the needle of acupuncture-moxibustion device were able to be calculated. Conclusion A very safe, small and cheap acupuncture-moxibustion device for GV20(Baihui) of head is proposed. It will be useful to generate the heat shock protein and to operate in preventing and curing the Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.459-462
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• 2017

A 3-year-old, 5.6 kg, castrated, male, British short hair cat presented with subtle weight-bearing lameness of the right hindlimb when walking suddenly after rest. On physical examination, the patient experienced pain when the right stifle joint was hyperextended. There was no clinical improvement of lameness or pain of the right hindlimb, despite the administration of analgesic drugs for one week. During diagnostic arthroscopy of right stifle, mild synovitis and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) impingement on osteophyte of the intercondylar notch (ICN) was observed. Computed tomography was applied to determine an accurate surgical plan. Arthroscopy-assisted notchplasty, including removal of the osteophyte, was performed using chisel and arthroscopic burr. At 4 weeks postoperatively, the frequency of subtle weight-bearing lameness of the right hindlimb was significantly reduced. At 6 months postoperatively, the patient exhibited normal ambulation without recurrence of lameness. Impingement of CCL may cause subtle lameness and pain. Arthroscopy can be a good diagnostic tool for early-stage CCL disease. Notchplasty can be recommended for osteophyte-induced CCL disease.