• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.528-539
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• 2014

This study analyzed the influence of self-construal on sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance, body satisfaction, and appearance management behavior through a structural equation model. The empirical study was based on the response of 369 adult females between the ages of 20 and 49 in Seoul. Self-construal was presented as an independent self-construal and interdependent self-construal, respectively. The sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance as an intermediate variable in the research model was composed of two sub-factors that included internalization and awareness. The other (body satisfaction) was measured by two factors (body and face). Appearance management behavior (as a final outcome variable) were composed of various factors that included clothing concern, skin care, hair care, and weight training. The findings of this study were: 1) the effect of independent self-construal on the sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance was not significantly meaningful; however, interdependent self-construal influenced it positively. 2) Sociocultural attitude toward physical appearance appeared to have a negative effect on body satisfaction. 3) The body satisfaction also had a negative effect on appearance management behavior in this study.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5011-5017
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• 2012

Background: Overexposure to sunlight in childhood and the adolescent period and associsated sunburns significantly increase the risk of skin cancer in adulthood. In Turkey, the incidence of skin cancer in the general population is 0.8%. The incidence is 0.6% and the mortality rate is 0.4% for men, while these rates are 1.0% and 0.7%, respectively, for women. If skin cancer is found early, its treatment is facilitated. Therefore, personal skin examination is important for early diagnosis. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the effects of training for raising consciousness among adolescents to protect against skin cancer by influencing skin self examination behavior. Method: This quasi experimental intervention study was conducted between February and April 2012 in Izmir. The study population consisted of students attending $6^{th}$, $7^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ classes of a primary school (n:302). No sampling was performed. Data were collected with a form developed by the researchers based on the literature. The first part of form is aimed to determine demographic characteristics of adolescents (3 questions) and their risk status of skin cancer (6 questions). The second part was prepared for skin cancer risks of adolescents (8 questions) and indications of skin cancer (12 questions). The last part was intended to determine their knowledge about skin self examination (4 questions) and behavioral stages of skin self examination (1 question). Data collection was achieved with a questionnaire form in three phases. In the 1st phase, data about demographic characteristics of students, risk status of skin cancer, knowledge level of skin cancer and behavior stages were collected. In the $2^{nd}$ phase, skin self examination training based on the transtheoretical model was performed within the same day just after obtaining preliminary data. In the $3^{rd}$ phase, adolescents were followed up three times to establish the efficacy of the training (on the $15^{th}$ day after training program and at end of the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ months). Follow-up data were evaluated by questioning skin self examination performing behavior stages through electronic mail. Results: Half of the adolescents (50.5%) are male, and 58.4% of them are 13 years old with a mean age of $12{\pm}1.15$ years. About 29.4% of adolescents had brown hair color, 37.9% had brown/hazel eye color, 29.4% had white skin, and 47.2% had fewer than 10 moles in their body. The pretest mean score on knowledge level about risks of skin cancer was found to be $4.19{\pm}1.96$, while the post-test mean score was $6.79{\pm}1.67$ (min:0, max:8).The pretest mean score about indications of skin cancer was $7.45{\pm}3.76$, while the post-test mean score was $10.7{\pm}2.60$ (min:0, max:12). The increases were statistically significant (p<0.05). The behavior "I do not perform skin self examination regularly in every month and I do not think to perform it in the next 6 months" was reduced from 52.8 to 35.5% after training. Conclusion: The training program organized to raise consciousness among adolescents for protection against skin cancer increased the knowledge level about risks and indications of skin cancer and it also improved the behavior of performing skin self examination.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 1995

여수 연안 정치망 어장의 주변 해역을 중심으로 1990년 4월부터 11월까지 매월 채집해서 분석한 식물플랑크톤의 분포량과 여수수협 위판장으로부터 구한 어획량 자료등을 이용하여 여수 연안 정치망 어장의 환경요인인 식물플랑크톤의 분포량과 어획량 변동과의 관계를 분석 정리한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 식물성 플랑크톤의 출현량은 춘계와 추계보다 하계에 최대가 되고, 특히 육수의 유입이 많은 여수만 중 돌산연안 수역 분포량이 많고, 소리도와 세존도부근의 식물성 플랑크톤 분포량은 내만수의 확장 경향을 추정하는데 유익하게 이용될 수 있다. 2) 여수 연안 정치망에 어획되는 주요 어종의 어획량은 삼치, 갈치, 고등어, 정어리, 멸치, 전갱이 및 방어의 순이고, 어획되는 시기는 정어리와 멸치가 4~6월, 전갱이, 갈치 및 고등어는 6~10월이 였으며, 삼치는 전 어기에 걸쳐 어획되었다. 3) 여수 연안 정치망 어장의 어획량은 식물성 플랑크톤 출현량과 상관 관계가 있고, 이들 식물성 플랑크톤량은 하계 육수의 영향을 많이 받는 내만수에 최대의 출현량을 보인다. 또, 이 어장의 어획량은 하계에 많으므로 여수 연안 정치망 어장은 육수의 유입에 의해 풍부한 영양염류를 공급받는 내만수내의 이료생물의 생산력이 어획량을 좌우하는 어장의 중요한 환경요인이 될 수 있다

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2006

Make-up illustration is a field of creativity with visible creative and artistic values; its ultimate functions include communication of information, artistic expression, and recording. Establishing the make-up illustration education environment for the twenty-first century, there is an urgent need for research and development of professional curricula for basic art education and illustration education. It is extremely important for educators and institutions teaching make-up illustration to recognize that training of highly creative and professional beau designers through systematic educational structures is the ultimate foundation for enhancing competitiveness of the beauty industry despite the present reality that there are insufficient studies and publications on beauty illustration and that there is lack of illustration lecturers and artists equipped with professional beauty knowledge. Therefore, this study was conducted to research and analyze offering of illustration subjects by 160 beauty-related vocational schools and 16 4-year undergraduate colleges in the make-up field, which is the field with most creative art activities among the three representative beauty majors, namely make-up, hair, and skin. Education of make-up illustration must not remain as simple short-term education. The curricula must be specialized for providing solid foundation of basic majors. In terms of education content, strong emphases must be made for original and creative mark-up designs as well as purposes, functions, and necessity of make-up design and illustration. The curricula must include systematic, logical and artistic elements. Through the course of this study, which researched, analyzed and proposed measures for education content of make-up illustration, it was found that make-up illustration is the most appropriate subject that fulfills both the ultimate education objectives of beauty colleges and the demand by the society for beauty professionals. It is hoped that make-up illustration is emphasized and recognized for its importance and necessity as an education subject so that similar basic major subjects will further be researched and developed for specialized education.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.468-478
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in appearance management behaviors and demographic variables among groups classified by the appearance management motives. The questionaries are administerd to 493 female and male adults above 20 years old in Seoul, Kyeonggi-do, Daegu and Kyungpook regions. For analysis of data from 478 respondents, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, ANOVA, Duncan test and ${\chi}^2$ test were applied. We show the following results: First, factor analysis for appearance management motives extracted three factors such as self-development, emphasis on the trendy appearance, and sexual appealing motive. Factor analysis for appearance management behaviors extracted four factors such as weight training, surgery/skin care, hair care and clothing selection. Second, three groups of the appearance management motives were classified into such as the social self-management type, the sexual appealing self-management type, the passive appearance management type. The social self-management groups are more interested in self-development, emphasis on the trendy appearance, and sexual appealing motive. And they are also more involved in appearance management behaviors: clothing selection is the most pursuing appearance management behavior. Third, among the demographic variables, the single and female in 20s and 30s with higher level of education belonged to the social self-management group. In this contribution, we find significant differences in the appearance management behavior and demographic variables classified by the appearance management motives.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify appearance management behavior related to well-being lifestyle of women. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The factors relating to a well-being lifestyle were personality and value, fashionable appearance, leisure activity, healthy food, brands, social activities, reasonable consumption, environmental protection, and individuality. The factors of appearance management behavior were weight management and skin care, apparel and accessory management, dietary treatment, bathing, make-up and hair styling, underwear management, using hospitals, beauty salons, and identity kits. 2. Women were classified into 4 kinds of groups: well-being, reasonable value pursuit, ostensible consumption, and bad-being. 3. The members of the well-being group were generally married, highly educated, had a high income, and spent a lot of money for their appearance management. They had a high level of appearance management in terms of weight and skincare, apparel and fashion accessories management, dietary treatment, bathing, make-up and hairstyling, underwear management, and in the use of hospitals and beauty salons. The members of the reasonable value pursuit group were generally married, less educated, with a medium income, and spent little for their appearance management. Members of the ostensible consumption group were generally unmarried, with a low income but spent lot of money for sundries and appearance management. They also had a high level of appearance management with regard to weight training and skin care, apparel and fashion accessory management, underwear management, the use of hospitals and beauty salons, and using identity kits. Members of the bad-being group were generally unmarried, had low incomes, little disposable income, spent little on appearance management, and didn't manage their appearance as a whole.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.1824-1845
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• 2016

The GMM is a conventional approach which has been recently applied in many face recognition studies. However, the question about how to deal with illumination changes while ensuring high performance is still a challenge, especially with real-world databases. In this paper, we propose a Visual Observation Confidence (VOC) measure for robust face recognition for illumination changes. Our VOC value is a combined confidence value of three measurements: Flatness Measure (FM), Centrality Measure (CM), and Illumination Normality Measure (IM). While FM measures the discrimination ability of one face, IM represents the degree of illumination impact on that face. In addition, we introduce CM as a centrality measure to help FM to reduce some of the errors from unnecessary areas such as the hair, neck or background. The VOC then accompanies the feature vectors in the EM process to estimate the optimal models by modified-GMM training. In the experiments, we introduce a real-world database, called KoFace, besides applying some public databases such as the Yale and the ORL database. The KoFace database is composed of 106 face subjects under diverse illumination effects including shadows and highlights. The results show that our proposed approach gives a higher Face Recognition Rate (FRR) than the GMM baseline for indoor and outdoor datasets in the real-world KoFace database (94% and 85%, respectively) and in ORL, Yale databases (97% and 100% respectively).

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1364-1377
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• 2010

Although the human body is a biological subject with definite and distinctive physical features, its actualization and perception differs among societies. The aesthetics of the human body are based on diverse cultural perceptions that must be considered prior to design development. This study establishes the foundations of newly adopted concepts of beauty that are presumed to have been established in the first half of the twentieth century that continue to affect our mindset even now. The research includes human figures in the articles of women's magazines and cosmetic advertisements in the early $20^{th}$ century. The results are as follows: First, the change of perception in the human body: Instead of being a subject of preservation, the body has become a subject of sculpture with emphasis on health in the 1920's and on beauty in the 1930's. The recognition of the importance of the body has created intensive attention on physical training and an increased sense of hygiene. The body exposed to the public perceives itself through the eyes of others that alter one's own perception of oneself as well as become a target of evaluation. There is an additional emphasis on the exotic eroticism of a passive subordinate. Western culture became the standard for modernization along with the dissociation of traditional standards and values. Through the effect of education and western thinking, the awareness of women's rights and self-appreciation was developed. Second, ideal beauty can be summarized as follows: Unprocessed natural beauty was extolled as ideal in the 1920's, but the 1930's, it highlighted big eyes and an aquiline nose that are the characteristics of western women. Taking care of one's appearance was recognized as an important value for every social class. Cosmetics and skin care treatments promised soft and white skin. In contrast to western cosmetics, dark and shiny hair was highly favored. Exercising and traveling, differing seasonal and regional skin treatments were also widely accepted. In its initial stages, the research had originally assumed that the beginning of the twentieth century would be a time in which traditional concepts of beauty and new, westernized aesthetics coexisted. However, as the research progressed, it was clear that the idea of beauty had already adopted occidental ideals by that time. Thus, it seems necessary to continue the study on the shifting paradigms of beauty that must have occurred in the nineteenth and late twentieth century.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 1994

Mesh selection analysis for the trawl net were carried out at the Southern Korean Sea and the East China Sea during the 1992-1994 years by the training ship Seabada of the National Fisheries University of Pusan, using A type (51.2mm), B type (70.2mm), C type (77.6mm), D type (88.0mm) square mesh cod-ends. The fishing trials were made using bottom trawl of the trouser type cod-end with cover net. Selection curves and selection parameters were calculated by a logistic model for Sphyraena pinguis, Pampus argenteus, Trachurus japonicus, Pagrus major, Callanthias japonicus, Trichiurus lepturus. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Red barracuda : Selection range and fifty percent selection length in the A type was 115.8mm, 292.8mm, respectively. 2. Harvest fish : Each selection range and fifty percent selection length in the B. C. and D type was 37.7mm, 113.8mm : 40.1mm, 131.7mm and 64.8mm, 148.6mm, respectively. Selection parameters of master curve were : slope, 3.81 : intercept, -6.4. Optimum mesh size was 89.3mm. 3. Horse mackerel : Each selection range and fifty percent selection length in the A, B, C and D type was 43.0mm, 148.3mm : 60.7mm, 183.2mm, 214.5mm and 91.4mm, 254.9mm, respectively. Selection parameters of master curve were : slope 2.30 : intercept, -6.4. Optimum mesh size was 66.8mm. 4. Red seabrem : Selection range and fifty percent selection length in the D type was 42.7mm, 203.4mm, respectively. 5. Yellowsail red bass : Selection range and fifty percent selection length in the A type was 84.0mm, 110.6mm, respectively. 6. Hair tail : Each selection range and fifty percent selection length in the A, B and C type was 59.7mm, 176.0mm : 100.9mm, 250.7mm and 178.6mm, 307.0mm, respectively. Selection parameters of master curve were : slope, 1.54 : intercept, -5.4. Optimum mesh size was 57.5mm.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2021

본 연구는 프랜차이즈 직영점의 교육만족도가 교육요구도를 매개로 이직요인에 미치는 영향으로 이직률의 대비책을 마련하기 위해 실시하였다. 자료수집 방법은 설문지법으로 237부가 최종분석자료로 사용되었다. 결과는 첫째, 일반적 특성에 교육요구도를 분석한 결과 학력(F=5.655, p<.01), 이직요인을 분석한 결과 직급(t=-2.809, p<.01)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, 교육만족도는 교육요구도(r=-.16, p<.05)와 이직요인(r=-.18)과 유의한 부적 상관관계로 나타났으며, 교육요구도는 이직요인(r=.53, p<.01)과 유의한 정적 상관로 나타났다. 셋째, 이직요인에 디자이너(B=.25, t=2.332, p<.05)와 교육요구도(B=.88, t=9.313, p<.001)는 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 교육만족도와 이직요인에 교육요구도는 유의한 영향(β=.52, p<.001)으로 완전 매개하는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 직영점의 종사자와의 소통과 교육 후 분기별 만족도와 요구도를 조사하고, 다양한 커리큘럼 교육으로 이직률을 낮출 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.