• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.22.1-22.17
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• 2021

Chitinase-3-like-1 (CHI3L1) is known to induce inflammation in the progression of allergic diseases. Previous our studies revealed that 2-({3-[2-(1-cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinazolinyl}sulfanyl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)butanamide (K284-6111; K284), the CHI3L1 inhibiting compound, has the anti-inflammatory effect on neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated that K284 treatment could inhibit the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). To identify the effect of K284, we used phthalic anhydride (5% PA)-induced AD animal model and in vitro reconstructed human skin model. We analyzed the expression of AD-related cytokine mediators and NF-κB signaling by Western blotting, ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. Histological analysis showed that K284 treatment suppressed PA-induced epidermal thickening and infiltration of mast cells. K284 treatment also reduced PA-induced release of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, K284 treatment inhibited the expression of NF-κB activity in PA-treated skin tissues and TNF-α and IFN-γ-treated HaCaT cells. Protein-association network analysis indicated that CHI3L1 is associated with lactoferrin (LTF). LTF was elevated in PA-treated skin tissues and TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. However, this expression was reduced by K284 treatment. Knockdown of LTF decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. Moreover, anti-LTF antibody treatment alleviated AD development in PA-induced AD model. Our data demonstrate that CHI3L1 targeting K284 reduces AD-like skin inflammation and K284 could be a promising therapeutic agent for AD by inhibition of LTF expression.

• Hip & pelvis
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the methods for treatment of femoral neck fracture (FNF) preferred by members of the Korean Hip Society (KHS) and identified factors that influence decisions regarding the surgical intervention of choice. Materials and Methods: A total of 97 members of the KHS responded to the 16-question survey which included questions about the mean number of surgeries performed each month for treatment of femoral neck fractures, the cut-off age for deciding between internal fixation and arthroplasty, the implant used most often, usage of cement, and factors influencing each decision. Results: The mean cut-off age used when deciding between internal fixation and arthroplasty was 64 years old. Hemiarthroplasty (HA) (70%) was the most preferred option for treatment of displaced FNFs in cases where arthroplasty was indicated (total hip arthroplasty [THA] 19% and dual mobility THA 11%). The main reasons for selection of arthroplasty over reduction with internal fixation were age and pre-fracture ambulatory status. Pre-trauma ambulatory status and/or sports activity were the main factors in selection of HA over THA. Cement was used by 33% of responders. Poor bone quality and a broad femoral canal were factors that influenced the usage of cement. Conclusion: Management of FNFs in the elderly is a major health problem worldwide; thus, remaining alert to current trends in treatment is essential for surgeons. The mean cut-off age used in deciding between internal fixation and arthroplasty was 64 years old. HA is the preferred method for treatment of displaced FNFs for members of the KHS.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2012

The potential as natural herbicide of d-limonene natural agent was conducted on several weeds in a greenhouse and Sciyos angulatus in field condition. Herbicidal activity of foliar application at a concentration of 100 and 200 kg ai $ha^{-1}$ of d-limonene on seven weed species was completely killed in a greenhouse condition. Also, d-limonene at a concentration of 50 kg ai $ha^{-1}$ was completely killing on Abutilon theophrasti, Aeschynomene indica, Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria ciliaris 3 days after treatment. While pre-emergence treatment of d-limonene concentration of 12.5 to 200 kg ai $ha^{-1}$ showed not significant visible damages. Phytotoxic symptoms of d-limonene by foliar treatment were characterized by wilting and burn-down of leaves and stems followed by discoloration, finally, plant death. Crop selectivity at d-limonene concentration of 100 kg ai $ha^{-1}$ over to five main crops including Zea mays by foliar application was not at all. Field trial of foliar treatment with d-limonene 70 to 140 kg ai $ha^{-1}$ have effectively controled over 5~20 leaf stages of S. angulatus at the natural habitats. And herbicidal efficacy of foliar application on S. angulatus with carrier volume in field condition was increased with dose dependent manners. These results suggest that d-limonene is considered possible as herbicide, and may be further optimized for natural agent for environmental friendly natural herbicide.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1997

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) plays an important biomechanical role for the stability of knee joint. ACL injury often leads to injuries of articular cartilage, menisci, or other supporting structures, and subsequent development of degenerative arthritis. Controversies still exist in the best treatment modalities of ACL injuries. hut the author considers it most important to make the appropriate patient selection for operative reconstruction or nonoperative treatment. and describes the treatment principles of ACL injury, including diagnosis, patient selection and the treatment modalities for successful treatment of ACL injury.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental carrying capacity of Chongju City for the environmental management and the urban growth management. The urban environmental carrying capacity assessment of the city by the index of ecological footprint(EF), shows that the ecosystem of the city has been overloaded and most of the deficiencies has come from outside of the city. The EF index, the area of land per capita required for production and consumption in the city, was 1.731 ha per capita in 1989 and 1.901 ha per capita in 1999. On the other side, the ecologically productive land is 0.0175 ha per capita. It means that every citizen owes 1.88 ha per capita to the ecosystem in 1999. The land consumption of the city has increased by 0.1705 ha per capita during the last 10 years. The capacity of infrastructure and the service supply estimated by the Onishi model does not exceed the demand of the city in 1999. But the rapidly increasing population and fast urban growth need the expansion of the capacity. The water supply capacity of the city appears to be sufficient in 1999, but the water supply demand will increase in the future. The capacity of sewage treatment facilities seems to be sufficient, but the higher level of sewage treatment facilities should be adopted for the improvement of water quality as the generation of sewage will increase and its characteristics will also make the wastewater treatment difficult. Due to the decrease of solid waste generated, the land fill capacity for solid waste disposal is not insufficient at present, but the capacity will be saturated in the near future. Therefore, the scientific management system of solid wastes should be introduced. The air quality of the city meets both the national air quality standard and WHO recommendation standard, but the strong regulation and control of automobile emission gas such as CO, $CO_2$, NOx and HC is required for clean air.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2020

This study was conducted to find out the effects of seed mixture using new domestic grass varieties orchardgrass 'Onnuri' and tall fescue 'Greenmaster' on botanical composition and dry matter productivity from 2015 to 2018 in oversown hilly pasture, the central northern area of Korea. This experiment was consisted of 4 mixed grasses (Treatment 1 : tall fescue oriented mixture with imported varieties; Treatment 2 : orchardgrass oriented mixture with imported varieties; Treatment 3 : orchardgrass oriented mixture with domestic varieties, Treatment 4 : tall fescue oriented mixture with domestic varieties). Evaluation of seasonal changes in botanical composition of pasture showed that orchardgrass was the highest in all treatments, ranging from 46 to 89% and Kentucky bluegrass was the second highest in all treatments. Treatment 3 (7,633 kg ha^-1) and Treatment 4 (7,570 kg ha^-1), mixed grasses using domestic varieties, were showed the highest dry matter yield than Treatment 1(6,950 kg ha^-1) and Treatment 2 (6,934 kg ha^-1), which were mixed grasses using introduced varieties. Therefore, these results showed that the orchard grass oriented grasses mixture with domestic varieties was good for grassland vegetation and productivity in oversown hilly pasture, the central northern area of Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.100-115
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• 2022

In this study, integrated hybrid system (IHS) composed of two alternatively-operating UV/photocatalytic reactor (AOPR) process and biofilter processes of a biofilter system having two units (i.e., R_up and R_dn) with an improved design (R reactor) and a conventional biofilter (L reactor) was constructed, and its transient behavior was observed to perform the successful treatment of waste air containing ethanol and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). At the IHS-operating stages of HA1, HA2 and HA3T of reversed feed direction, the AOPR process showed not only ethanol-removal efficiencies of 55, 50 and 45%, respectively, but also H₂S-removal efficiencies of 70, 60 and 37%, respectively. In particular, a drastic decrease of H₂S-removal efficiency at the stage of HA3T was observed due to a doubling of H₂S-inlet concentration fed to AOPR from 10 ppmv to 20 ppmv at the stage of HA3T. The order of ethanol-breakthroughs and the order of the magnitude of ethanol-removal efficiencies at the sampling ports of each unit of R reactor at the stages of HA1, HB1, HA2, HB2, and the first half of HA3T, were reversed, respectively, at the stages of the second half of HA3T and HB3T. In case of H₂S, R reactor did not show H₂S-breakthrough as prominent as the ethanol-breakthrough, but showed the trend similar to the ethanol-breakthrough.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.309-309
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• 2010

We have investigated the effect of $H_2$ plasma treatment on the BZO (ZnO:B, Boron doped ZnO) thin films. The BZO thin films are prepared by LP-MOCVD (Low Pressure Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique and the samples of BZO thin film are performed with $H_2$ plasma treatment by plasma treatment system with 13.56 MHz as RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) type. After exposing $H_2$ plasma treatment, measurement of transmittance, reflectance and haze spectra in 300~1100 nm, electrical properties as resistivity, mobility and carrier concentration and work function was analysed. Regarding the results of the $H_2$ plasma treatment on the BZO thin films are application to the TCO for solar cells, such as the a-Si thin films solar cell.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.25-29
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• 2003

Pre-treatment of Bi-2223/Ag tapes has been investigated to improve the superconducting property and grain alignment. However, rolling deformability of Bi-2223/Ag wires was degraded by the breakage of Ag alloy sheath after pre-treatment. Various pre-treatment conditions were tried to prevent the problem of sliver sheath and improve the superconducting property of Bi-2223/Ag tapes. Filament precursor of Bi-2223/Ag tapes was modified to be textured easily during main sintering by the optimum pre-treatment with low oxygen pressure and up to $800^{\circ}C$. Critical current was also increased up to 20% than that of no pre-treated tape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.454-454
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• 2010

In order to achieve a high efficient a-Si solar cell, the TCO (transparent conductive oxide) substrates are required to be a low sheet resistivity, a high transparency, and a textured surface with light trapping effect. Recently, a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film attracts our attention as new coating material having a good transparent and conductive for TCO of solar cells. In this paper the optical properties of $H_2$ post-treated BZO (boron doped ZnO, ZnO:B) thin film are investigated with $O_2$-plasma treatment. The BZO thin films by MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) are investigated and the samples of $H_2$ post-treated BZO thin film are tested with $O_2$-plasma treatment by plasma treatment system with 13.56 MHz as RIE (Reactive Ion Etching) type. We measured the optical properties and surface morphology of BZO thin film with and without $O_2$-plasma treatment. The optical properties such as transmittance, reflectance and haze are measured with integrating sphere and ellipsometer. This result of the BZO thin film with and without $O_2$-plasma treatment is application to the TCO for solar cells.