• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.266-270
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• 2001

Foreign bodies in the maxillofacial area are not commonly seen. If occurred, the immediate removal of foreign bodies is recommended to avoid further complications. The most important thing is a exact localization of foreign bodies using X-rays such as plain radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound before treatment. During removal of foreign bodies, tissue should be dissected carefully and complete exploration of the whole wound required.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.219-223
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• 2000

Behcet's disease is a chronic, multisystemic disorder which is more frequently seen in the Mediterranean basin, Middle East, and Far East. The mean age at the first onset is third decades. In large series of patients, men predominate over women. Infectious agents, immune mechanisms, and genetic factors are implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. Eyes, skin, joints, the oral cavity, blood vessels, and central nervous system are usually involved, although less frequently the heart, lung, kidney may be affected. The prognosis of the disease has been improved because of early diagnosis and suitable treatment. Local remedies and systemic administration of colchicine, corticosteoids, immunosuppressives, and other agents have been applied. Pathergy, or skin hypersensitivity to needle puncture has been reported as a diagnostic test for Behcet's disease. We have managed a Behcet's disease patient with pathergy test & corticosteroids therapy. We have obtained good result and report this case with review of literatures.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.371-377
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• 2015

Trichomonas vaginalis induces proinflammation in cervicovaginal mucosal epithelium. To investigate the signaling pathways in $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in cervical mucosal epithelium after T. vaginalis infection, the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways were evaluated in T. vaginalis-infected SiHa cells in the presence and absence of specific inhibitors. T. vaginalis increased $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in SiHa cells, in a parasite burden-dependent and incubation time-dependent manner. In T. vaginalis-infected SiHa cells, AKT, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK were phosphorylated from 1 hr after infection; however, the phosphorylation patterns were different from each other. After pretreatment with inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was significantly decreased compared to the control; however, $TNF-{\alpha}$ reduction patterns were different depending on the type of PI3K/MAPK inhibitors. $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with wortmannin and PD98059, whereas it was increased by SP600125. These data suggested that PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways are important in regulation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in cervical mucosal epithelial SiHa cells. However, activation patterns of each pathway were different from the types of PI3K/MAPK pathways.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2009

Functional defects in mitochondria are involved in the induction of cell death in cancer cells. We assessed the toxic effect of camptothecin against the human cervical and uterine tumor cell line SiHa with respect to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process, and examined the combined effect of camptothecin and anticancer drugs. Camptothecin caused apoptosis in SiHa cells by inducing mitochondrial membrane permeability changes that lead to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased Bcl-2 levels, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Combination of camptothecin with other anticancer drugs (carboplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin and mitomycin c) or signaling inhibitors (farnesyltransferase inhibitor and ERK inhibitor) did not enhance the camptothecin-induced cell death and caspase-3 activation. These results suggest that camptothecin may cause cell death in SiHa cells by inducing changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability, which leads to cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3. This effect is also associated with increased formation of reactive oxygen species and depletion of GSH. Combination with other anticancer drugs (or signaling inhibitors) does not appear to increase the anti-tumor effect of camptothecin against SiHa cells, but rather may reduce it. Combination of camptothecin with other anticancer drugs does not seem to provide a benefit in the treatment of cervical and uterine cancer compared with camptothecin monotherapy.

• Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology : HEB
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.775-786
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• 2018

To test the hypothesis that humic acid (HA), anaerobically digested pig slurry filtrate (APS), and their combination would differently affect the chemical speciation and extractability of metals (cadmium, copper, and zinc) and their uptake by plants, we conducted a pot experiment using wormwood in two texturally contrasting soils (sandy loam and clay loam) collected from a field near an abandoned Cu mine. Four treatments were laid out: HA at $ 23.5g\;kg^{-1}$ (HA), APS at $330mL\;kg^{-1}$ (APS), HA at $ 23.5g\;kg^{-1}$ and APS at $330mL\;kg^{-1}$ (HA + APS), and a control. Each treatment affected the chemical speciation and mobility of the metals, and thereby resulting in variable patterns of plant biomass yield and metal uptake. The APS supported plant growth by increasing nutrient availability. HA supported or hindered plant growth by impacting the soil's water and nutrient retention capacity and aeration, in a soil texture-dependent manner, while consistently enhancing the immobilization of heavy metals. Temporal increases in whole-plant dry matter yield and metal accumulation suggested that the plants were capable of metal hyperaccumulation. The results were discussed in terms of the mobility of metals and plant growth and corroborated by the $^{15}N$ recovery of soil- and plant-N pools under H and HS treatments. Therefore, for effective phytoremediation of polluted soils, an appropriate combination of plant growth promoters (APS) and chelating agents (HA) should be predetermined at the site where chemical stabilization of pollutants is desired.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Objectives : This study was conducted to verify the anti-inflammatory effects of Aster glehni water extracts in HaCaT keratinocytes. Methods : In this study, cell viability was confirmed by MTT assay. Production of TNF-α and IL-6 was determined by ELISA. mRNA expression of TARC and MDC were measusred by qRT-PCR. Also, expressions of p-JNK, JNK, p-ERK, ERK, p-p38, and p-38 were investigated by using western blot assay. Results : Aster glehni water extracts were not shown any significant cytotoxicity at 15.625-500㎍/㎖ in HaCaT keratinocytes. Aster glehni extracts inhibited the TNF-α and IL-6 production in HaCaT keratinocytes treated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. Also, expression of TARC, MDC, p-ERK, and p-STAT1 was decreased. Conclusions : These results suggest that Aster glehni water extracts have anti-inflammatory effects in HaCaT keratinocytes and can be applied to the development of anti-inflammatory treatment substances.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.405-417
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• 2022

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated condition that has been identified as a potentially malignant oral disorder. Various therapies have been proposed for its management as alternative to corticosteroids. However, no definitive treatment has been identified that can result in complete remission or minimal recurrence. Hyaluronic acid has recently been used as an alternative therapy for the management of OLP. This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Hyaluronic acid in the management of symptomatic OLP. Online electronic databases and manual searches were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2010 and April 2022. RCTs were identified that compared the efficacy of hyaluronic acid and other interventional therapies at baseline and during follow-up. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Thongprasom sign scores, lesion size, degree of erythema, clinical severity, and disease severity were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Seven studies were analyzed. Five studies reported a high risk of bias while the remaining two studies reported an unclear risk of bias. The overall quantitative assessment of size, symptoms, degree of erythema, and sign score in OLP lesions treated with HA was not statistically significant compared to that in the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, subgroup analysis comparing HA with placebo or corticosteroids did not yield statistically significant (P > 0.05) results. Qualitatively, both HA and tacrolimus resulted in an effective reduction in signs and symptoms. Clinical/disease severity index/scores were inconsistent. A high degree of heterogeneity was observed among the included studies. None of the included studies reported the side effects of HA. These findings suggest that corticosteroids, tacrolimus, placebo, and HA could be equally effective in OLP management. The clinical/disease severity index or score reduction cannot be determined with certainty. Thus, OLP can be treated with HA as an alternative therapy. Owing to limited clinical trials on HA, high heterogeneity, and high risk of bias in the included studies, definitive conclusions cannot be derived.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2003

To determine the optimum $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate for dry matter production of Achyranthes japonica Nakai a medicinal plant, in Jeju island, plants were grown in 2001 under ten fertilizer treatments comprising of two N (90, and 180kg/ha) and five $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 kg/ha) levels. Plant height leaf length and width, stem diameter, and main root length and diameter were not significantly affected by $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate while $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ fertilization of 100 kg/ha increased the number of branches, spikes, and roots per hill by 18,38 and 43%, respectively, compared with the unfertilized $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ treatment and decreased with further increases in $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate. The number of roots per hill was greatest with the application of 200kg $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$. The highest utricle dry matter yield (2.92 t/ha) was obtained with the application of 100kg $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$. However, as $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate increased from 0 to 100 and 200kg/ha, root dry matter yield increased from 2.36 to 3.55, and 3.80 t/ha, and then decreased to 3.14, and 2.86 t/ha at 300, and 400kg $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rates, respectively. As $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ rate increased from 100 to 400 kg/ha, $\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$ recovery in aboveground parts decreased from 34.1 to 7.1%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1996

Rye(Secale cereale L.) shows lower dry matter yield and nutrient content when it was harvested before wintering. This study was conducted to investigate how effect forage rape(Brassicu napus Subsp oleifera), which carries early maturity and can be harvested before wintering, on the increase of the forage yield and nutrient content when rye was sown mixed with the rape. Optimum sowing rate of the rye/rape mixture was also pursued in this study. The five treatment of rye single, rape single, ryel20+rape 1Okg/ha, rye84+rape 7kg/ha and rye60+rape 5kg/ha were sown on 2 September 1989. Rape single plot was cut one time(l9 November 1989) and the other plots were cuted two times(19 November 1989 and 20 May 1990). In botanical composition of the mixtures, rape recorded dominant ratio with 64~69% at the autumn cut. The rye84+rape 7kg/ha mixture plot marked the highest dry matter yield with 4.46t/ha among all the experimental plot at the autumn cut(P<0.05). In year total yield of dry matter(t/ha), rye single, rape single, rye120+rape IOkg/ha, rye84+rape 7kg/ha and rye60+rape 5kg/ha marked 13.6, 4.1, 12.7, 12.9 and 11.8, respectively. In crude protein content, the rye single plot was 17.2% at the autumn cut on the other hand the mixture plots showed increasing tendency with 18.0~19.9%. In crude fiber content, the mixture plots were remarkably lower than rye single plot. In year total yield of crude protein, rye84+rape 7kg/ha mixture plot showed the highest yield with 1.6lt/ha among all the experimental plots. Ratio of crude protein yield to crude fiber yield, rye84+rape 7kg/ha tended to be higher than the other mixture plots. It is confirmed that the rye/rape mixture can produce more forage than the rye single cropping when they are harvested in late autumn, besides the mixture forage contains higher crude protein than that rye single forage. It can be said that the rydrape mixture is more useful than the rye single cropping, and optimum sowing rate of the mixture is 84kg/ha of rye+7kg/ha of rape.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of seeding rate and depth during broadcast sowing on growth and yield of foxtail millet and proso millet over 2 years. The rate of sowing seeds was adjusted to 5, 7, 10 and 20 kg per ha on foxtail millet, and 5, 10, 15 and 30 kg per ha for proso millet. Sowing depth was 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 cm used tractor rotary attachment for shallow-tilling. The rate of seedlings standing when foxtail millet and proso millet were sowed to a depth of 0.5~5 cm was 72.0~78.0% and 73.0~80.5%, respectively. Plant height and weight at the three-leaf stage after emergence was highest for the treatment with 3 cm rotary depth. As the rate of broadcast seed sowing increased, plant length, diameter, seed length, and seeds on the panicle decreased. The grain yield of foxtail millet was highest with broadcast seed sowing of 10 kg per ha (3652, $3977kg\;ha^{-1}$) and proso millet was highest at broadcast seed sowing of 15 kg per ha (2226, $2052kg\;ha^{-1}$) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Therefore, the optimum rate of sowed seeds under broadcast cultivation was $10kg\;ha^{-1}$ for foxtail millet and $15kg\;per\;ha^{-1}$ for proso millet. Optimum sowing depth for foxtail and proso millet under broadcast cultivation was 3 cm, using a rotary tractor attachment for shallow-tilling.