• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.88-94
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• 2019

Increasing demands for esthetic dental treatment, zirconia, which has high mechanical and esthetic properties, had been applied more and more in clinics. Therefore, assessment of biocompatibility of zirconia is necessary. In this article, a review of in vivo studies of zirconia compatibility was performed. In vivo studies showed zirconia had great biocompatibility both on soft and hard tissue. Studies with various animals and patients reported high biocompatibility of zirconia. In terms of bone synthesis and bone adhesion, zirconia showed similar biocompatible properties to titanium. On the other hand, zirconia could be used as implant. For using as an implant, various methods of Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating had been suggested. Since HA coating on titanium implant showed some problems such as low bonding strength and degeneration of HA, HA-zirconia composite, HA-coated zirconia, and HA-zirconia functionally graded material (FGM) or intermediate layer of alumina had been proposed. These methods showed higher bonding strength and biocompatibility.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2024

The skin barrier plays an important role in maintaining healthy skin by preventing external irritation and water loss in the body. In the skin, hyaluronic acid (HA) is synthesized by the enzyme hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS), which functions as a natural moisturizing factor and is involved in maintaining water retention and barrier function. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the Prunus yedoensis bark ethyl acetate fraction (PYBEAF) on HA synthesis in HaCaT cells was confirmed. Cytotoxicity evaluation was performed through MTT assay, and the amount of HA synthesis in HaCaT cells was confirmed through ELISA through PYBEAF treatment. The levels of HAS-2, HAS-3 mRNA expression were analyzed using qRT-PCR, and the protein expression level and signaling pathway were confirmed through western blotting. Consequently, PYBEAF was involved in the MAPK and CREB signaling pathways, increasing the amount of HA production through HAS-2 synthesis. This suggests that PYBEAF is effective in improving barrier function by increasing HA synthesis, which plays an important role in moisturizing and maintaining skin moisture.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.215-222
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• 1978

Using tracer technique of $^{65}Zn$, a field experiment has been carried out to evaluate the efficiency of zinc fertilizer by rice plant grown under flooded conditions. The treatments include zinc slufate mixed throughout the soil with and without organic matter, combined urea-zinc fertilizer (N: 37.7%, Zn: 3.1%), and surface application at transplaning and two weeks after transplanting at the rate of 5kg Zn/ha respectively. Other treatments were zinc sulfate mixed throughout the soil at the rate of 10 kg and 20 kg Zn/ha respectively. Root dipping in 2 % ZnO suspension, only organic matter added, and control were also included. There was not much difference in rough grain yield between zinc levels and different application methods, but the highest yield was obtained from the treatment of the root dipping in 2% ZnO suspension. Among the 5kg Zn/ha treatments, the highest total zinc yield was observed from the zinc mixed throughout the soil. The organic matter treatment seemed to reduce the zinc fertilizer efficiency. In case of the zinc fertilizer levels, 5kg Zn/ha mixed throughout the soil showed the highest zinc fertilizer efficiency as compared with 10kg and 20kg Zn/ha treatments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.448-451
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• 2011

To establish the optimum nitrogen level for rice planting after Italian ryegrass cultivation, one experiment was conducted on a normal paddy soil (Jeonbug series soil taxonomy) with six different nitrogen treatments for two years from 2009 to 2010. The treatments were including no nitrogen fertilization (Free N), 50%-Basal N, 75%-Basal N, 100%-Basal N, 150%-Basal N and 100% of basal fertilization with $30kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ (100%+N30-Basal N) for decomposing of Italian ryegrass stubble. The highest rice yields were 8,420 obtained by 100%-Basal N. 150%-Basal N and 100%+N30-Basal N produced a rice yield of $8,190kg\;ha^{-1}$. Those of 50%-Basal N and Free N were produced 8,020 and $7,370kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The correlation between rice yield and nitrogen treatment showed a quadratic relationship in high significant. According to this regression, the highest level of nitrogen treatment was $73kg\;ha^{-1}$ and the highest rice yield was $8,405kg\;ha^{-1}$. Nitrogen uptake rates were relatively higher with lower amounts of nitrogen fertilizer treated.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2021

Purpose : Keratinocytes are the main cellular components involved in wound healing during re-epithelization and inflammation. Dysfunction of tight junction (TJ) adhesions is a major feature in the pathogenesis of various diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the various effects of a Sparassis crispa water extract (SC) on HaCaT cells and to investigate whether these effects might be applicable to human skin. Methods : We investigated the effectiveness of SC on cell HaCaT viability using MTS. The antioxidant effect of SC was analyzed by comparing the effectiveness of ABTS to that of the well-known antioxidant resveratrol. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is the most widely applied method Quantitative RT-PCR analysis has shown that SC in HaCaT cells affects mRNA expression of tight-junction genes associated with skin moisturization. In addition, Wound healing is one of the most complex processes in the human body. It involves the spatial and temporal synchronization of a variety of cell types with distinct roles in the phases of hemostasis, inflammation, growth, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. wound healing analysis demonstrated altered cell migration in SC-treated HaCaT cells. Results : MTS analysis in HaCaT cells was found to be more cytotoxic in SC at a concentration of 0.5 mg/㎖. Compared to 100 µM resveratrol, 4 mg/㎖ SC exhibited similar or superior antioxidant effects. SC treatment in HaCaT cells reduced levels of claudin 1, claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin 6, claudin 7, claudin 8, ZO-1, ZO-2, JAM-A, occludin, and Tricellulin mRNA expression by about 1.13 times. Wound healing analysis demonstrated altered cell migration in SC-treated HaCaT cells and HaCaT cell migration was also reduced to 73.2 % by SC treatment. Conclusion : SC, which acts as an antioxidant, reduces oxidative stress and prevents aging of the skin. Further research is needed to address the effects of SC on human skin given the observed alteration of mRNA expression of tight-junction genes and the decreased the cell migration of HaCaT cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1270-1277
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• 2017

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the impact of ewe body condition score (BCS) (over a range of 2.0 to 3.0) and nutritional treatments (consisting of differing herbage masses) during very late pregnancy and lactation and their potential interaction on the performance of twin-bearing ewes and their lambs to weaning. Methods: On day 142 of pregnancy, twin-bearing ewes with a BCS of 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 were allocated to a "Moderate' or 'Unrestricted' nutritional treatment until day 95 of lactation (weaning). The nutritional treatments aimed to achieve average herbage masses of 1,200 to 1,300 kg dry matter (DM)/ha (Moderate) and 1,500 to 1,800 kg DM/ha (Unrestricted). Results: There were no three-way interactions between ewe BCS group, nutritional treatment and time for any ewe or lamb parameter. The nutritional treatments had no effect (p>0.05) on lamb birth or weaning weight. Lambs born to Moderate ewes had greater survival and total litter weight at weaning (p<0.05). Regardless of BCS group, Unrestricted treatment ewes had greater body condition and back-fat depth at weaning than Moderate treatment ewes (p<0.05). Ewes of BCS 2.0 group reared lighter lambs to weaning (p<0.05) and tended to have a lower total litter weight (p = 0.06) than BCS 3.0 group ewes. Conclusion: This study suggests farmers should aim to have all ewes with a BCS of 2.5 or 3 in late pregnancy for optimal lamb weaning performance. Furthermore, there is no benefit to lamb production of offering ewes pasture masses >1,200 kg DM/ha during very late pregnancy and lactation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.558-564
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• 2010

Cleaning up the landfill soil by phytoremediation in association with biomass production and utilization of biosolid as a soil amendment will be an attractive green technology. In order to examine this integrated green technology, in the current study of pot trial, heavy metal removal rate and biomass production were determined following cultivation of three different plant species in the landfill soil incorporated with biosolid at two different levels (25 ton $ha^{-1}$ and 50 ton $ha^{-1}$). Among the three plant species including Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), giant sunflower (Helianthus giganteus. L), and giant cane (Arundo donax. L), sunflower appeared to produce the largest biomass yield (19.2 ton $ha^{-1}$) and the produced amounts were magnificently increased with biosolid treatment compared to the control (no biosoild treatment). The increased production associated with biosolid treatment was common for other plant species and this was attributed to the biosolid originated nutrients as well as the improved soil physical properties due to the organic matter from biosolid. The elevated heavy metals in soil which was originated from the incorporated biosolid were Cu and Zn. Based on the phytoavailable amount of heavy metals from biosolid, the removed amount by plant shoots were 95% and 165% for Cu and Zn, respectively, when sunflower was grown. This indicated that mitigation of heavy metal accumulation in soils achieved by the removal of metal through sunflower cultivation enables the successive treatment of biosolid to soils. Moreover, sunflower showed heavy metal stabilization ability in the rhizosphere resulting in alleviation of metal release to ground water.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2013

The effect of humic acid (HA), and the roles of microfiltration (MF), PES (polyethersulfone) beads adsorption, and photo-oxidation were investigated in hybrid process of ceramic MF and PES beads loaded with titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) photocatalyst for advanced drinking water treatment. Those were compared and studied in viewpoints of membrane fouling resistance ($R_f$), permeate flux (J), and total permeate volume ($V_T$). Because membrane fouling increased dramatically as decreasing HA, $R_f$ increased and J decreased, and finally $V_T$ was the highest at 2 mg/L HA. In the experiment to investigate the roles of photo-oxidation and adsorption at humic acid 4 mg/L and 6 mg/L. In both conditions, $R_f$ was the lowest and $V_T$ was the highest in MF + $TiO_2$ + UV process. The average treatment efficiencies of turbidity and dissolved organic matters were the highest in MF + $TiO_2$ + UV process, too.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate sewage treatment efficiencies using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and watercress (Oenanthe Javanica). In the hyacinth system about 30% of COD introduced was removed during 2 days of hydraulic retention time, and about 30$\sim$50% of COD was removed in the watercress system during 1.2$\sim$2 days of hydraulic retention time. Therefore, COD loading of $76\sim170$ kg $COD/ha{\cdot}day$ was removed during 2$\sim$3 days of hydraulic retention time at the 0.18 $m^2$ area in the water hyacinth-watercress continuous system. Also 40$\sim$50% of N and P in the sewage were removed in the tested water hyacinth-watercress system Although COD, N and P concentrations in the final effluent were still higher than the limits of waste discharge, applicability of this waste water treatment system should be further investigated as an alternative method far small scale sewage treatments.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.663-673
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• 2017

Heavy metal(loid) contamination of rice is the main issue in abandoned metal mine area with regard to food safety. A field study was conducted in mine area to see if soil amendments treatment including calcium superphosphate, sulfur, steel slag and S-containing fertilizer could reduce As and/or Cd content in rice grain and increase the growth of rice. The As content in brown rice reduced to 60% compared to the control only in $7.0Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of steel slag treatment. Cd reduction in rice was thought to be not the effect of amendments but the result from the difference in growth and development of rice plant and this could be ascribed to low soil Cd availability to rice plant. Compared with control, increased rice yield of cultivar Hwanggeumnuri was 1.3~2.2 and $1.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ in calcium super phosphate and S-containing fertilizer treatment, respectively and the trend was also observed in cultivar Ungwang. However, steel slag treatment reduced the Ungwang yield by $0.4{\sim}0.9Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Future work will be needed to establish the agricultural measure with which secure the safety and yield of rice simultaneously.