• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.263-268
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• 2006

Probiotics including Lactobacillus acidophilus, refer to a group of nonpathogenic organisms that protect the human host against gastrointestinal(GI) infections by pathogenic bacteria such as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli(STEC). In the study, the inhibitory effects of STEC ATCC 43894 adhesion by L. acidophilus A4 was investigated on the HT-29 epithelial cells. Specific proteins regulated by cell Iysates of L. acidophilus A4 on STEC ATCC 43894 were also characterized by proteomic analysis. Both cell mass and Iysate of L. acidophilus A4 have exhibited the profound inhibitory activity on the HT-29 cells(about 1.5 log scale reduction). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE) revealed seven proteins that were up-regulated by cell Iysates of L. acidophilus A4 and three proteins that were down-regulated. In addition, three protein spots were only detected in the presence of cell Iysates. These results suggest that inhibitory effects of STEC adhesion by L. acidophilus may be due to the regulation of specific protein of STEC.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.155-160
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• 2008

This study was conducted to examine the volatile flavor compounds of Hahyangju, a traditional Korean liquor, and to evaluate the effect of the beverage on alcohol metabolism in rats. By GC/MS analysis, 17 volatile flavor compounds including iso-butyl alcohol and iso-amyl alcohol were detected in Hahyangju. The concentrations of acetaldehyde and ethylacetate in Hahyangju were decreased by filtration. Alcohol (0.035 mg/dL) and acetaldehyde (0.29 mg/dL) levels in the blood of rats given Hahyangju (HT animals) were lower than in rats given 17% (v/v) alcohol (AT rats). Also, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities in HT rats were $24.63{\pm}1.8{\mu}$moles/mg protein and $9.8{\pm}1.3{\mu}$moles/mg protein, respectively, and were higher than in AT animals. The increases in ADH and ALDH activity in HT animals resulted in decreases in alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations in blood, compared to the levels seen in rats given 17% (v/v) alcohol. These results suggest that Hahyangju may increase alcohol metabolizing activity, and consumption of Hahyangju may result in less of a hangover than follows ingestion of beverages (such as wine) containing about 17% (v/v) alcohol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.555-560
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• 2009

Pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) is an expensive and highly prized delicacy in Korean and Japanese cuisines with its unique flavor and functional properties. The pine mushroom juice (PMJ) was investigated for its antioxidant and anti-tumor activities with ABTS radical scavenging method and MTT assay. The phenolic contents in pine mushroom juice ranged from 1.19 to 54.99 GAEs mg/100 mL at the concentrations of $1{\sim}50\;mg/mL$. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of pine mushroom juice were 7.0%, 81.7% and 91.8% at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of pine mushroom juice were 605.9, 788.4, 583.6 and $232.5{\mu}g/mL$ on the cytotoxicities against AGS, HeLa, HepG2 and HT-29, respectively, and PMJ showed the strongest growth inhibitory activity against HT-29 cell. These results suggested therapeutic potential for pine mushroom juice as an anti-oxidant and anti-tumor agent.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative and antitumor activities of Saussurea lappa for the purpose of developing a functional food. The methanol extract of Saussurea lappa was fractionated with five solvents (hexane, chloroform, EtOAc, BuOH, water) and examined for antioxidative activities and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in addition to growth inhibitory activity of human cancer cell (HT-29, SNU-1, HeLa). Total phenol compound contents were higher in EtOAC fraction than other fractions. Also, electron donating ability was over 90% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ (93.1 %) and $1000{\mu}g/ml$ (94.3%). The hexane fraction revealed stronger nitrite scavenging ability than the positive control (ascorbic acid) and its abilities were 22.4% and 42.8% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ and $1000{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity had similar tendency to electron donating ability. The EtOAc fraction showed high inhibition to xanthien oxidase activities at $500{\mu}g/ml$(81.9%) and $1000{\mu}g/ml$(90.4%). In the antitumor activity test, the hexane fraction exhibited potent growth inhibition activity against HT-29, SNU-1 and HeLa cells. Therefore, we believe that Saussurea lappa can be developed into a functional food with antioxidant activity. Additional studies are required for the hexane and chloroform fractions of Saussurea lappa to develop them into therapeutic supplements for stomach cancer, colon cancer, and cervical cancer.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.2 s.137
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• pp.110-115
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• 2004

For the evaluation of anti-tumor activity of Korean Oldenlandia Herb (KOH) and Radix (KOR), our experiment was performed with methanol extracts of KOH and KOR. They did not shown any cytotoxicity against HT1080 cell lines. However, they effectively showed anti-metastatic activity through inhibition of the adhesion of HT1080 cells to gelatin, downregulated the expression of MMP2 and uPA and upregulated the expression of TIMP2. They also inhibited tube formation of HUVECs induced by bFGF. However, they did not affect DNA topoisomerase I activity. Simiarly, the T/Cs % in KOH and KOR treated mice were increased 134.9% and 171 %, respectively at 2500 mg/kg. These results suggest that KOH and KOR exert anti-tumor activity via anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities. The further study for isolation of effective compounds and its exact mechanism and comparative study with Chinese Oldenlandia Herba will be required.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2003

We have examined the relaxational response to the water extract of Angelica gigas $N_{AKAI}$ (AG), Gingko biloba $L_{INNE}$ (GB), Acanthopanax senticosus $H_{ARMS}.$ (AP) and Augumented-Four-Substance Decoction (AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD) in isolated thoracic aorta from sprague dawley(SD) rat. Rat thoracic aorta was investigated in vessel segments suspended for isometric tension recording by polygraph. Responses to AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD were investigated in vessels precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) were compared in vasodilation effect. We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD with a dose-dependent vasodilation. The 5-hydroxytryptamine induced contraction at $10^{-4}M$ were inhibited by 26.3%, 75.8%, 87.5% and 6.9%, 22.6%, 30.8% after addition of the 0.1 g/mL water extract of AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD. In conclusion, AG, GB, AP and AG-FSD, GB-FSD, AP-FSD induced relaxation in the isolated rat thoracic aorta were composed of dose-dependent relaxation. AP-FSD has very potent vasodilation.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the hematological factors in cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus depending on its growth stage and season. The study also aims at developing the standard hematological indicator for growth stage and season by examining total 16 parameters including whole blood (hematocrit, red blood cell and hemoglobin), biochemical (glucose, cholesterol, total protein, AST, ALT, $Na^+,\;K^+,\;Cl^-,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$ and osmolarity), and endocrine (cortisol and $T_3$) factors in plasma of cultured olive flounder. The result showed a growth stage-dependent increase of $T_3$ level in olive flounder while the level of cholesterol showed an inverse correlation to fish size. For seasonal fluctuation in cultured olive flounder of the same growth stage, the highest level of Ht and RBC was observed in autumn.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2001

임신기의 자성 생쥐에 저 농도의 BPA의 투여가 태아의 체중, 태아수 및 성비에 미치는 영향을 검토하고, 태어난 자손의 번식기관무게, 정액성상, 조직검사 및 혈액의 혈구 성분분석등 번식효율과 생리기능에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 실시하였다. 자성 생쥐에 corn oil(대조구), 0.05, 0.5 및 5.0mg BPA/kg b.w의 용량으로 1회 투여하고 투여 당일 날 웅성 생쥐와 교배 시켰으며, 3일 간격으로 5회 투여하였다. 임신기에 BPA의 투여가 웅성 자손의 체중에 미치는 결과는 각각 30.72, 30.80, 29.80 및 26.80g으로 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 체중을 나타냈으며(P<0.05), 정소의 무게는 BPA 투여구가 다소 높은 무게를 나타냈다. 정소상체, 정낭선 및 응고선의 무게는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). BPA의 투여후 태어난 웅성 산자의 총정자수, 생존율, 유효정자수 및 기형율에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 없었다. 또한 웅성 산자의 혈구화학치에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC는 BPA 투여구가 각각 10.60, 10.96 및 10.35$\times$$10^{6}$㎣로서 대조구의 9.78$\times$$10^{6}$㎣보다 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 수치를 나타냈지만(P<0.05), WBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC 및 PLT는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이는 없었다. 임신기에 BPA의 투여가 자성 산자의 체중에 미치는 결과는 각각 25.56, 25.38, 25.83 및 23.86g으로 5.0mg 투여구가 다소 낮은 체중을 나타냈다. 자궁의 무게는 BPA 투여구가 각각 0.0915, 0.0904 및 0.1016g으로 대조구의 0.0801g에 비해 다소 높은 무게를 나타냈으며, 난소의 무게도 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다. BPA의 투여가 자성 산자의 혈구화학치에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, WBC는 5.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 다소 낮은 수치를 나타냈으며, PLT는 BPA 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 수치를 나타냈지만 커다란 차이는 없었다 RBC, Hb, HT, MCV, MCH 및 MCHC는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었다. 임신기에 BPA의 투여가 자손의 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직, 병리학에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 정소와 난소의 조직에는 각 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, 자궁에서는 0.5mg 투여구와 5.0mg 투여구에서 자궁내막층이 현저하게 증식된 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.121-127
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• 2002

The goal of this article is to estimate the change in plasma catecholamine when ST-36 (Leg Three Li) and HT-7 (Spirit Gate) among the meridian points were stimulated for the group of the young and the old, using SSP therapy, thereby clarifying its effects on the responses of catecholamine that generates various physiological effects on the body, in particular, the effects on catecholamine, in the senile body, thereby providing its availability for physical therapy for the old, which is now the major concern of the society. As for research subjects, a total of 10 healthy male and female adults in their twenties were selected as the group of the young, and 10 old male and female, aged over 60, as the group of the old. The findings are as follows: When SSP stimuli were applied to ST-36 and HT-7, as for the change in the content of plasma catecholamine for the group of the young, norepinephrine significantly increased from $309.40{\pm}23.81pg/ml$ before stimulation to $374.90{\pm}35.31pg/ml$ 20 minutes later and to $406.70{\pm}42.43pg/ml$ 40 minutes later (P < 0.05); epinephrine significantly increased from $100.70{\pm}28.55pg/ml$ before stimulation to $95.70{\pm}24.16pg/ml$ 20 minutes later and to $128.80{\pm}25.02pg/ml$ 40 minutes later (P < 0.05); and dopamine showed no significant differences as its content was $245.20{\pm}40.01pg/ml$ before stimulation, $233.50{\pm}59.56pg/ml$ 20 minutes later and $250.90{\pm}56.13pg/ml$ 40 minutes later.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.396-404
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of calcium against intestinal cancer in vitro and in vivo. We first investigated the effects of calcium treatment in HCT116 and HT29 human colon cancer cells. At the concentration range of 0.8-2.4 mM, calcium significantly inhibited cell growth (by 9-29%), attachment (by 12-26%), invasion (by 15-31%), and migration (by 19-61%). An immunofluorescence microscope analysis showed that the treatment with calcium (1.6 mM) for 24 h increased plasma membrane ${\beta}$-catenin but decreased nuclear ${\beta}$-catenin levels in HT29 cells. We then investigated the effect of dietary calcium on intestinal tumorigenesis in $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. Mice received dietary treatment starting at 6 weeks of age for the consecutive 8 weeks. The basal control diet contained high-fat (20% mixed lipids by weight) and low-calcium (1.4 mg/g diet) to mimic the average Western diet, while the treatment diet contained an enriched level of calcium (5.2 mg calcium/g diet). The dietary calcium treatment decreased the total number of small intestinal tumors (by 31.4%; P < 0.05). The largest decrease was in tumors which were ${\geq}$ 2 mm in diameter, showing a 75.6% inhibition in the small intestinal tumor multiplicity (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly reduced nuclear staining of ${\beta}$-catenin (expressed as nuclear positivity), but increased plasma membrane staining of ${\beta}$-catenin, in the adenomas from the calcium-treated groups in comparison to those from the control group (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate intestinal cancer inhibitory effects of calcium both in human colon cancer cells and $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. The decreased ${\beta}$-catenin nuclear localization caused by the calcium treatment may contribute to the inhibitory action.