• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.319-325
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• 2006

[ $\beta$ ]-Glucans (AG) were prepared from Agaricus blazei cultured in the medium fortified with the roots of Pueraria spp. by repeated extraction with hot water, gel filtration chromatography and DEAE ion exchange chromatography. Oligosaccharides (AO) were derived from the hydrolysis of AG by an endo-$\beta$-(1$\rightarrow$6)-glucanase from Bacillus megaterium. The anti-HT-29 human colon cancer activity of AG or AO was investigated using MTT assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle analysis, and cDNA microairay. AG and AO both inhibited proliferation and growth of HT-29 cells, and stimulated apoptosis of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. In cell cycle analysis, treating HT-29 cells with AG or AO resulted in the increase of cells in the G0 (sub-G1) and G1 phase. Especially, AO was more effective in inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest than AG. To screen the genes involved in the increase of apoptosis, the gene expression profile of the HT-29 cells treated with AO was examined by cDNA microarray. While several genes involved in cell cycle progression (CCND2 and CDK2) were down-regulated, many genes involved in apoptosis (TNFSF9, TNFRSF9, FADD, CASP8, BAD, CRADD, CASP9 etc), cell cycle inhibitor (CDKN2A), immune response (IL6, IL18, IL6R etc), and tumor suppressor (CEACAM1, TP53BP2, IRF1, and PHB) were up-regulated. These results suggest that AO could inhibit the proliferation and growth of HT-29 cells by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.240-245
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• 1999

Growth inhibitory effect of doenjang(Korean soypaste) methanol extracts in SRB assay using AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cell, Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cell and HT 29 human colon cancer cell was studied. The treatment of doenjang methanol extracts(2mg/assay) to the AGS, Hep 3B and HT 29 cancer cells inhibited the growth of the cancer cells by 55%, 60%, and 71%, respectively. Doenjang methanol extracts exhibited the highest inhibitory effect among other soybean fermented foods and original materials in the SRB assay. In addition, to separate active compounds of doenjang methanol extracts, we fractionated the doenjang with hexane, methanol, dichloromethane, ethylacetate and butanol. Growth inhibitory effect on the AGS, Hep 3B, HT 29 and MG 63 cancer cells was the highest in the fractions of dichloromethane and ethylacetate among other solvent fractions of the doenjang. These results showed that some compounds contained in the fractions of dichloromethane and ethylacetate might play a role on the anticanceric effect of doenjang.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.229.1-229.1
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• 2003

The anti proliferative effects of bile acids and their derivatives on HT -29 human colon cancer cells were investigated. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its synthetic derivatives, HS-1030 and HS-1183, and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and its synthetic derivatives, HS-1199 and HS-1200 were employed for this study. General evaluations focusing on cell cycle were conducted in HT -29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (p53 mutant type). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.246.1-246.1
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• 2002

We studied the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its synthetic derivatives. HS-l030 and HS-1183. and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and its synthetic derivatives, HS-1199 and HS-1200. on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line. HT -29 (p53 mutant type). The effects on cell viability and growth were assessed by MTT assay and cell growth study. While UDCA and CDCA exhibited no significant effect, their novel derivatives inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cell line in a concentration- and time-dependent manners. (omitted)

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.637-642
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• 2005

The antibacterial effect of methanol and water extracts from edible mushrooms on the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Echerichia coli O-157, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi) were investigated. The Lyophyllum cinerascens and Pleurotus ostreatus2 methanol extracts treated with 5.0 mg/disc showed the highest antimicrobial activity against 7 kinds of pathogenic bacteria. And methanol extracts of edible mushrooms showed higher antimicrobial activity against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms than water extracts. The methanol extracts of mushrooms revealed high inhibitive activites in cytotoxicity on human cancer HepG2 and HT-29 cells. The growth of cancer HepG2 and HT 29 cells which treated with 1 mg/mL of Cordyceps militaris and Sarcodon aspratus methanol extracts were strongly inhibited to $67\%$ and $81\%$ respectively. And most of the methanol extracts exhibited the stronger effects against these cells, at the same concentration, comparing with water extracts. Particularly, the methanol and water extracts of Cordyceps militaris, Agaricus blazei, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Ganoderma lucidum and Sarcodon aspratus have the strongest antitumoral effects on HepG2 and HT-29 cells. From these results, it is considered that wild mushrooms have stronger antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxic effects.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the cytotoxic activity from Vitex rotundifolia. V. rotundifolia was extracted with methanol, ethanol, and acetone, and then the cytotoxic effect of these extracts was measured by the MTT reduction assay and morphological assay on the HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Among the three extracts, the acetone extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity on the HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner with an $IC_{50}$ value of 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. The acetone extract was further fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to the degree of polarity. The n-hexane layer among the fractioned layers showed inhibitory activity on the growth of HT-29 cells. In addition, n-hexane layer also showed the cytotoxic activity against SW620 human colon carcinoma cells. These result indicated that extracts of V. rotundifolia may contain bioactive materials and could be potential candidates as chemotherapeutic agents against human colon carcinoma cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1137-1143
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• 2014

Doxorubicin is a general chemotherapy drug widely used for a number of cancers. However, the correlation between endogenous nitric oxide ($NO^{\bullet}$) levels and chemoresistance to doxorubicin remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of endogenous $NO^{\bullet}$ on the anticancer activity of doxorubicin in human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 with different p53 status. The cells were treated with either doxorubicin alone or in combination with the $NO^{\bullet}$ synthase (NOS) inhibitor $N^G$-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA). Doxorubicin differentially inhibited the growth of both the HCT116 (p53-WT) and HT29 (p53-MUT) cells, which was mitigated by cotreatment with NMA. Further studies revealed that inhibition of endogenous $NO^{\bullet}$ mitigated doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in the HCT116 and HT29 cells, as evidenced by apoptotic DNA fragmentation and the sub-G1 peak of apoptotic markers. Apoptosis was delayed in the HT29 cells, and its magnitude was greatly reduced, underscoring the importance of the modulation of p53 in the response. RT-PCR analysis revealed that doxorubicin down-regulated levels of inhibitors of the apoptosis family (cellular IAP-1 and-2). Collectively, these data show that induction of apoptosis by doxorubicin in human colon cancer cells is possibly related to modulation of endogenous $NO^{\bullet}$, the expression of the IAP family of genes, and the status of p53. The underlying mechanisms may represent potential targets for adjuvant strategies to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for colon cancer.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.150-155
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• 2007

In the present study, we have tested the effect of dioleoyl phosphatidic acid (PA) on intracellular $Ca_{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_{i}$) in two human colon cancer cell lines (HCT116 and HT29). PA and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive lysolipid, increased $[Ca^{2+}]_{i}$ in both HCT116 and HT29 cell lines. Increases of $[Ca^{2+}]_{i}$ by PA and LPA were more robust in HCT116 cells than in HT29 cells. A specific inhibitor of phospholipase C (U73122), however, was not inhibitory to the cell responses. Pertussis toxin, a specific inhibitor of $G_{i/o}$ type G proteins, however, had an inhibitory effect on the responses except for an LPA-induced one in HT29 cells. Ruthenium red, an inhibitor of the ryanodine receptor, was not inhibitory on the responses, however, 2-APB, a specific inhibitor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, completely inhibited both lipid-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increases in both cell types. Furthermore, by using Ki16425 and VPC32183, two structurally dissimilar specific antagonists for $LPA_{1}/LPA_{3}$ receptors, an involvement of endogenous LPA receptors in the $Ca^{2+}$ responses was observed. Ki16425 completely inhibited the responses but the susceptibility to VPC32183 was different to PA and LPA in the two cell types. Expression levels of five LPA receptors in the HCT116 and HT29 cells were also assessed. Our data support the notion that PA could increase $[Ca^{2+}]_{i}$ in human colon cancer cells, probably via endogenous LPA receptors, G proteins and $IP_{3}$ receptors, thereby suggesting a role of PA as an intercellular lipid mediator.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 2014

To identify and isolate anticancer active compounds from Solanum nigrum, S. nigrum was extracted with MeOH and then fractionated with various organic solvents ($CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$). The cytotoxic effects of the MeOH extracts from S. nigrum and its organic solvent-soluble fractions were also tested in HT29 cells. All the MeOH extracts of S. nigrum and its organic-solvent extracts induced cytotoxicity in the HT29 cells. Among the extracts, $H_2O$ was the most effective. The $H_2O$ extract was purified further by repeated silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Diaion HP- 20, and RP-18 column chromatography. An active anticancer compound, Des-N-26-methylene-dihydrotomatidine, was isolated with a molecular weight of 416 and a molecular formula of $C_{28}H_{48}O_2$. Analysis of the cytotoxic effects of Des-N-26-methylene-dihydrotomatidine on the HT29 cells compared to those of tomatine and tomatidine are similar in its structure, is higher than tomatidine above the 40 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration, but lower than tomatine. This is the first study to describe the anticancer activity of Des-N-26-methylene-dihydrotomatidin, isolated from S. nigrum. Des-N-26- methylene-dihydrotomatidine seems to have potential as a natural bioactive compound.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.903-909
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop Helianthus tuberosus (HT) juice mixed with dried bitter melon juice and assess its hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. HT juice mixed with 5.0% dried bitter melon juice was used in this study. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (eight rats per group) and drunk each sample for 4 weeks: normal water [normal control (NC) group], STZ+normal water (STZ group), STZ+HT juice (HT group), STZ+HT juice mixed with 2.5% bitter melon juice (HT2.5 group), and STZ+HT juice mixed with 5.0% bitter melon juice (HT5.0 group). HT juice was diluted to 25% in distilled water and supplied to rats. Food intake, body weight gain, and food efficiency ratio were lower in the STZ group than in the NC group. HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 groups showed higher parameters than the STZ groups. Water intakes were higher in the STZ group than in the NC group. After 3 weeks, HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 groups showed lower parameters than the STZ group. After 1 week, blood glucose level of the STZ group ($476.7{\pm}22.8mg/dL$) was significantly higher than those of the HT group ($376.3{\pm}25.8mg/dL$), HT2.5 group ($405.2{\pm}35.1mg/dL$), and HT5.0 group ($342.8{\pm}29.7mg/dL$). After 4 weeks, blood glucose level of the STZ group were significantly higher than those of the HT, HT2.5, and HT5.0 group. Serum insulin levels of the HT group ($3.13{\pm}0.32ng/mL$), HT2.5 group ($3.40{\pm}0.23ng/mL$), and HT5.0 group ($3.48{\pm}0.43ng/mL$) were higher than that of the STZ group ($2.72{\pm}0.53ng/mL$). These results indicate that H. tuberosus juice mixed with dried bitter melon juice helps prevent or attenuate progression of diabetes in rats with STZ-induced diabetes.