• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.612-617
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• 2012

The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of ovotransferrin were investigated in vitro. The antioxidant capacity of ovotransferrin was evaluated using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method, antimicrobial effects using the agar well diffusion method, and cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylatetetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of ovotransferrin at 1 mg/mL level reached approximately 60% after 48 h of reaction. The antimicrobial effects of ovotransferrin against common food-borne pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus KCCM 32395, Bacillus cereus KCCM 40935, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313, Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895, and Helicobacter pylori HpKCTC 26695 were dose dependant. Gram-positive bacteria was more sensitive to ovotransferrin than gram-negative bacteria. Ovotransferrin showed stronger antimicrobial effect against L. monocytogenes than other gram-positive bacteria tested. The cytotoxicity of ovotransferrin was evaluated in human cancer cell lines, various tissue origins, including the larynx (Hep-2), stomach (AGS), lung (SK-MES-1), liver (HepG2), breast (MCF-7), cervix (HeLa), and colon (HT-29). Ovotransferrin displayed relatively high cytotoxicity (${\leq}60%$ inhibition effects) at 40 mg/mL. At lower concentrations (${\leq}10mg/mL$), however, ovotransferrin cytotoxic effects were not significant in all cancer cell lines tested. These results indicated that ovotransferrin has potential to be used as an antioxidant or antimicrobial agent in foods or a pharmaceutical agent against cancers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition and the antiproliferative effect of extracts and fractions from Euphorbia supina. With regards the fatty acid composition, the percentages of 18:3n-3 in acetone/methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts were 53.4 and 42.1%, respectively. Among the fractions, an 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH) fraction contained the highest percentage of 18:3n-3. Treatments with crude extracts and fractions significantly inhibited the growth of HT-29 and AGS human cancer cell lines (p<0.05). The A+M extract showed a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of both cancer cells compared to MeOH extract. Among the fractions, the 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions exerted a greater inhibitory effect on the proliferation of both types of cancer cells. Our results suggest that 85% aq. MeOH and n-hexane fractions exert potent inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2010

Machilus thunbergii was an important medicinal resource and distributed widely in China. In this study, the bioactivities of dichloromethane fraction (DF) and water fraction (AF) from Machilus thunbergii methanol extract were investigated. Total phenolic contents of DF and AF were 57.90 mg Gal/g and 189.92 mg Gal/g, and total flavonoid contents were 17.34 mg Que/g and 58.38 mg Que/g respectively. The $EC_{50}$ for DPPH radical scavenging activity of DF and AF were $24.37\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $2.10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Reducing power and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of AF were higher than those of DF. The $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of AF ($IC_{50}\;=\;1.13\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was higher than that of DF ($IC_{50}\;=\;5.34\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). The cell viability was showed that only the DF had anti-proliferation effect on human cancer cell HT-29. These results suggested that both the DF and AF extract of Machilus thunbergii were potential materials for anti-diabetes and functional food for their radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.721-730
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• 2019

The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 was encapsulated with alginate (Al) and alginate-chitosan (Al/Chi) through extrusion method. The sizes and zeta potentials of microspheres were measured to confirm encapsulation. To evaluate the protective effect of microspheres against gastrointestinal fluids, all the samples were exposed to simulated gastric fluids (SGFs, pH 1.5) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 1 or 2 h, followed by incubation with simulated intestinal fluids (SIFs, pH 6.5) for 2 h. The mucoadhesive ability of microspheres was evaluated using the intestinal epithelial cell line HT29-MTX. To extend the shelf-life of probiotics, lyoprotectants such as disaccharide and polysaccharide were mixed with free or encapsulated cells during the freeze-drying process. The size of the microspheres demonstrated a narrow distribution, while the zeta potentials of Al and Al/Chi-microspheres were $-17.9{\pm}2.3$ and $20.4{\pm}2.6mV$, respectively. Among all the samples, Al/Chi-encapsulated cells showed the highest survival rate even after exposure to SGF and SIF. The mucoadhesive abilities of Al and Al/Chi-microspheres were higher than 94%, whereas the free L. acidophilus showed 88.1% mucoadhesion. Ten percent of sucrose showed over 80% survival rate in free or encapsulated cells. Therefore, L. acidophilus encapsulated with Al and Al/Chi-microspheres showed higher survival rates after exposure to the gastrointestinal tract and better mucoadhesive abilities than the free cells. Also, sucrose showed the highest protective effect of L. acidophilus during the freeze-drying process.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.92-103
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• 2021

Lactobacillus casei, one of the most widely used probiotics, has been reported to alleviate multiple diseases. However, the effects of this species on intestinal diseases are strain-specific. Here, we aimed to screen L. casei strains with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-alleviating effects based on in vitro physiological characteristics. Therefore, the physiological characteristics of 29 L. casei strains were determined, including gastrointestinal transit tolerance, oligosaccharide fermentation, HT-29 cell adhesion, generation time, exopolysaccharide production, acetic acid production, and conjugated linoleic acid synthesis. The effects of five candidate strains on mice with induced colitis were also evaluated. The results showed that among all tested L. casei strains, only Lactobacillus casei M2S01 effectively relieved colitis. This strain recovered body weight, restored disease activity index score, and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. Gut microbiota sequencing showed that L. casei M2S01 restored a healthy gut microbiome composition. The western blotting showed that the alleviating effects of L. casei M2S01 on IBD were related to the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. A good gastrointestinal tolerance ability may be one of the prerequisites for the IBD-alleviating effects of L. casei. Our results verified the efficacy of L. casei in alleviating IBD and lay the foundation for the rapid screening of L. casei strain with IBD-alleviating effects.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate ssrA expression resulting from adaptation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) to oral pathogens through signal exchange. Materials and Methods: Human cell lines Hep2 and HT29, wild-type E. coli (WT K-12), ssrA knock-out E. coli (${\Delta}K$-12), and Scleropages aureus (S. aureus) were used. A single culture consisting of Hep2, HT29, WT K-12, and ${\Delta}K$-12, and mixed cultures consisting of Hep2 and WT K-12, Hep2 and ${\Delta}K$-12, WT K-12 and S. aureus, ${\Delta}K$-12 and S. aureus, and Hep2, WT K-12, and S. aureus were prepared. For HT29, a mixed culture was prepared with WT K-12 and with WT K-12 and S. aureus. Total RNA was extracted from each culture with the resulting expression of ssrA, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-${\kappa}B$), and p53 was evaluated by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The expression of ssrA in a single culture of WT K-12 was lower than that observed in the mixed culture of WT K-12 with S. aureus. Greater ssrA expression was observed in the mixed culture of WT K-12 with Hep2 than in the single culture of WT K-12. The expression of NF-${\kappa}B$ was higher in the mixed culture of Hep2 with ${\Delta}K$-12 than that in the mixed culture of Hep2 with WT K-12, and was lowest in the single culture of Hep2. The expression of ssrA was higher in the mixed culture of WT K-12 with Hep2 and S. aureus than in the mixed culture of WT K-12 with Hep2. Conclusion: These results suggest that ssrA plays an important role in the mechanism of E. coli adaptation to a new environment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.685-691
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• 2005

Growth and DNA synthesis inhibitory effects of doenjang methanol extract and its solvent fractions on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, HT-29 human colon cancer cells and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells were studied. The treatment of doenjang methanol extract ($ 200{\mu}g/ml $) with the AGS, Hep 3B, HT-29 and MG-63 cancer cells after 6 days of incubation inhibited the growth of cancer cells by $32\%$, $51\%$, $84\%$ and $33\%$, respectively. To separate active compounds of doenjang, doenjang methanol extract was fractionated with dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and buthanol. Among the solvent fractions, the dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions showed the highest growth inhibitory effects on various cancer cells. For example, the dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions ($200a{\mu}g/ml$) sig-nificantly inhibited the growth of various cancer cells by $89\∼96\%$ and$62\∼86\%$, respectively. DNA synthesis of AGS and Hep 3B cancer cells was significantly inhibited by adding dichloromethane fraction ($200{\mu}g/ml$) up to $94\%$ and $80\%$, respectively. Similarly, the ethylacetate fraction ($ 200\mug/ml $) showed a $ 95\% $ inhibition rate of DNA synthesis in AGS cells. These results suggest that the dichloromethane and ethylacetate fractions have specific active compounds, which will explain this anticancer effect of doenjang.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1532-1537
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• 2010

This study compared the inhibitory effects of methanol extracts from yellow and black soybeans (black soybean, Seomoktae and Seoritae) on mutagenicity using the Ames test and growth of human cancer cells (AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma, HT-29 human colon cancer, Hep 3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells). In the Ames test system using Salmonella typhimurium TA100, aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$)-induced mutagenicity was significantly inhibited by treatments with the methanol extracts from either yellow or black soybeans in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). The methanol extracts from various black soybeans tended to have a greater inhibitory effect compared to those from yellow soybeans. As for N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguamidine (MNNG)-induced mutagenicity, the methanol extracts (5 mg/assay) from black soybean, Seomoktae and Seoritae showed 51%, 61% and 53% inhibitory rates, respectively, indicating that Seomoktae, a type of black soybean, had a stronger antimutagenic activity against mutagens (both $AFB_1$ and MNNG). Methanol extracts from black soybeans showed an inhibitory rate of greater than 50% on the growth of human cancer cells (AGS, HT-29 and Hep 3B) and the inhibition was more effective in the methanol extract from Seomoktae. Our results suggested that the methanol extracts from black soybeans showed stronger inhibitory effects on mutagenicity and growth of cancer cells than those from yellow soybean. It is concluded that intake of black soybean can be recommended for improving health.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.561-568
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• 2020

We examined the anticancer effects of a novel sirtuin inhibitor, MHY2256, on HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells to investigate its underlying molecular mechanisms. MHY2256 significantly suppressed the activity of sirtuin 1 and expression levels of sirtuin 1/2 and stimulated acetylation of forkhead box O1, which is a target protein of sirtuin 1. Treatment with MHY2256 inhibited the growth of the HCT116 (TP53 wild-type), HT-29 (TP53 mutant), and DLD-1 (TP53 mutant) human colorectal cancer cell lines. In addition, MHY2256 induced G0/G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle progression, which was accompanied by the reduction of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and the decrease of cyclin-dependent kinase 2, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein, and E2F transcription factor 1. Apoptosis induction was shown by DNA fragmentation and increase in late apoptosis, which were detected using flow cytometric analysis. MHY2256 downregulated expression levels of procaspase-8, -9, and -3 and led to subsequent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. MHY2256-induced apoptosis was involved in the activation of caspase-8, -9, and -3 and was prevented by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a pan-caspase inhibitor. Furthermore, the autophagic effects of MHY2256 were observed as cytoplasmic vacuolation, green fluorescent protein-light-chain 3 punctate dots, accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles, and upregulated expression level of light-chain 3-II. Taken together, these results suggest that MHY2256 could be a potential novel sirtuin inhibitor for the chemoprevention or treatment of colorectal cancer or both.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2008

We investigated the growth inhibitory effect of Salicornia herbacea L. (SH) on human cancer cell lines in vitro. SH was extracted with methanol (SHM), followed by further fractionation into four subfractions according to polarity: hexane (SHMH), methanol (SHMM), butanol (SHMB), and aqueous (SHMA) soluble fractions. We determined the growth inhibitory effect of these fractions against human cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Among the four subfractions of SHM, the SHMM showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines. We also observed quinone reductase (QR)-inducing effect of methanol layer (SHMM) on HepG2 cells and it was determined to be 3.00 at $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ level compared to the control value of 1.0. The SHMM showed the highest induction activity of quinone reductase on HepG2 cells among the partition layers. The present work suggests that SH merits further study to confirm its chemopreventive potential.