• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.317-325
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• 2020

A new dimer stilbene [Monalittorin (1)] and ten known compounds [engeletin (2), aurantiamide acetate (3), lupeol (4), friedelin (5), quercetin (6), tiliroside (7), rutoside (8), astragalin (9), isoquercitrin (10) and quercimeritroside (11)] have been isolated from the leaves of Monanthotaxis littoralis (Annonaceae). The structures of these compounds were established by interpretation of their data, mainly, HR-TOFESIMS, 1-D NMR (1H and 13C) and 2-D NMR (1H-1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and by comparison with the literature. The evaluation of their antimicrobial activities against three bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli S2 (1) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01) and three fungal strains (Candida albicans ATCC10231, Candida tropicalis PK233 and Cryptococcus neoformans H99) using broth micro dilution method, showed the largest antimicrobial activities of EtOAc fraction and compounds 1, 5, 6, 8 and 11 (MIC = 8 - 64 ㎍/mL). In addition, EtOAc fraction presented synergistic effect with Vancomycin and fluconazole against the tested microorganisms.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 2022

Purpose - Previous studies tried to find antecedents of innovative behavior. However, research on knowledge hiding behavior, psychological mechanism, and perception of organizational justice has been relatively limited. In this sense, this study has investigated the impact of organizational justice on employees' innovative behavior and explored the factors that affect the above relationship. Especially, this study tested the direct effect of organizational justice on innovative behavior. This study also examines the mediating roles of knowledge hiding behavior in this causal relationship. Moreover, the process of organizational justice to innovative behavior is assumed to be influenced by leadership style. Therefore, we examined the moderating effect of authentic leadership on the relationship between organizational justice and knowledge hiding behavior. Design/methodology/approach - For the empirical test, we collected data via a questionnaire survey of a sample of 252 employees from Korean firms. We conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to test hypotheses. Results - The results of the empirical analysis revealed that organizational justice was positively related to innovative behavior and negatively related to knowledge hiding behavior. The results also showed that knowledge hiding behavior negatively mediated the relationship between organizational justice and innovative behavior. In addition, we found the moderating role of authentic leadership. More importantly, we found that the conditional indirect effect of organizational justice on innovative behavior via knowledge hiding behavior was depending on authentic leadership. Uncovering the relationship between organizational justice and innovative behavior through the mediating role of knowledge hiding behavior and the moderated mediating role of authentic leadership has useful theoretical and practical implications. We also suggest directions for future research by providing several limitations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2022

Background: Withania somnifera (Solanaceae), generally known as Indian ginseng, is a medicinal plant that is used in Ayurvedic practice for promoting health and longevity. This study aims to identify the bioactive metabolites from Indian ginseng and elucidate their structures. Methods: Withanolides were purified by chromatographic techniques, including HPLC coupled with LC/MS. Chemical structures of isolated withanolides were clarified by analyzing the spectroscopic data from 1D and 2D NMR, and HR-ESIMS experiment. Absolute configurations of the withanolides were established by the application of NMR chemical shifts and ECD calculations. Anti-adipogenic activities of isolates were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with Oil Red O staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: Phytochemical examination of the roots of Indian ginseng afforded to the isolation of six withanolides (1-6), including three novel withanolides, withasilolides GeI (1-3). All the six compounds inhibited adipogenesis and suppressed the enlargement of lipid droplets, compared to those of the control. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of Fabp4 and Adipsin, the adipocyte markers decreased noticeably following treatment with 25 µM of 1-6. The active compounds (1-6) also promoted lipid metabolism by upregulating the expression of the lipolytic genes HSL and ATGL and downregulating the expression of the lipogenic gene SREBP1. Conclusion: The results of our experimental studies suggest that the withasilolides identified herein have anti-adipogenic potential and can be considered for the development of therapeutic strategies against adipogenesis in obesity. Our study also provides a mechanistic rationale for using Indian ginseng as a potential therapeutic agent against obesity and related metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.393-404
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• 2022

This study attempted to examine the effect of education and training on organizational performance based on HCCP research through the systematic review of previous studies. For this, 29 papers used HCCP data were selected and analyzed, and the research results are as follows. First, the research results showed that education and training had a positive effect on non-financial performance such as organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and financial performance such as sales and operating profit. Second, in order for education and training to affect organizational performance, job satisfaction, organizational culture, and education transfer were found to be important factors. Third, for effective transfer of education and training, it is necessary to establish a system that can be applied to the field after education and training, finally, it suggested the need for research to be conducted to reveal the practical effectiveness of education and training by measuring the degree to which education and training contributed to financial performance more closely.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.345-353
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• 2022

In this study, using deep learning, super-resolution images of transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were generated for nanomaterial analysis. 1169 paired images with 256 × 256 pixels (high resolution: HR) from TEM measurements and 32 × 32 pixels (low resolution: LR) produced using the python module openCV were trained with deep learning models. The TEM images were related to DyVO₄ nanomaterials synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Mean-absolute-error (MAE), peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM) were used as metrics to evaluate the performance of the models. First, a super-resolution image (SR) was obtained using the traditional interpolation method used in computer vision. In the SR image at low magnification, the shape of the nanomaterial improved. However, the SR images at medium and high magnification failed to show the characteristics of the lattice of the nanomaterials. Second, to obtain a SR image, the deep learning model includes a residual network which reduces the loss of spatial information in the convolutional process of obtaining a feature map. In the process of optimizing the deep learning model, it was confirmed that the performance of the model improved as the number of data increased. In addition, by optimizing the deep learning model using the loss function, including MAE and SSIM at the same time, improved results of the nanomaterial lattice in SR images were achieved at medium and high magnifications. The final proposed deep learning model used four residual blocks to obtain the characteristic map of the low-resolution image, and the super-resolution image was completed using Upsampling2D and the residual block three times.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Trichosanthis Radix extract (TRE) on the proliferation and activation of eosinophils which were prepared from lung cells of asthma-induced mice by ovalbumin (OVA) treatment. Methods : C57BL/6 mouse was exposed to OVA three times a week for 6 weeks. The mouse lung tissues were dissected out, chopped and dossiciated with collagenase (1 $\mu$g/ml). Eosinophils were activated by rmIL-3/rmIL-5 co-treatments. The lung cells were treated with TRE, incubated for 48 hr at 37$^{\circ}C$, and analyzed by flow cytometer, ELISA and RT-PCR methods Results : To measure cytotoxicity, mouse lung fibroblast cells (mLFCs) were pretreated with various concentrations of TRE. TRE at 100 $\mu$g/ml, the highest concentration, examined did not have any cytotoxic effects on mLFCs. In FACS analysis, number of granulocyte/lymphocyte, CD3e-/CCR3+, CD3e+/CD69+, CD4+/CD8+ T cells in asthma-induced lung cells were significantly decreased by TRE treatment compared to the control group. But CD4+/CD25+ T cells were not examined significant change in lung cells treated with TRE. In ELISA analysis, production levels of IL-3, IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in asthma-induced lung cells, which were induced by rIL-3 plus rmIL-5 co-treatment, were significantly decreased by TRE treatment. Conclusions : The present data suggested that Trichosanthis Radix on the inhibition of parameters associated with asthma responses in eosinpophils, and thus implicate the possibility for the clinical application of Trichosanthis Radix.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 1981

The kinetic study of rifamycin B production in batch culture of Nocardia mediterranei was undertaken in part of our endeavor to optimize the fermentation condition. The growth parameters such as $\mu$$_{m}$ and Ks values for nitrogen source were evaluated by employing Monod equation. From the experiments, $\mu$$_{m}$ and Ks were 0.15hr$^{-1}$ and 8.35g/1, respectively. The growth kinetics in batch culture was found successfully interpreted by logistic law, i.e., the initial specific growth rate and the maximum cell mass concentration were determined as function of pH and both found to have maxima. For the production of rifamycin B, a non-growth associated production kinetics was employed and the specific productivity as a function of pH was found to have two maximum points. The yield coefficient and the specific productivity were calculated as mean values in production phase. Utilizing these experimental data as a function of pH, the optimal condition for the rifamycin B production was discussed with regad to the pH effect on the cell growth and production of the antibiotic. As a result, growth phase at pH 6.5 and production phase at pH 7.0 were found to be recommended.ded.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.146-146
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• 2022

A flash flood is one of the most hazardous natural events caused by heavy rainfall in a short period of time in mountainous areas with steep slopes. Early warning of flash flood is vital to minimize damage, but challenges remain in the enhancing accuracy and reliability of flash flood forecasts. The forecasters can easily determine whether flash flood is occurred using the flash flood guidance (FFG) comparing to rainfall volume of the same duration. In terms of this, the hydrological model that can consider the basin characteristics in real time can increase the accuracy of flash flood forecasting. Also, the predicted radar rainfall has a strength for short-lead time can be useful for flash flood forecasting. Therefore, using both hydrological models and radar rainfall forecasts can improve the accuracy of flash flood forecasts. In this study, FFG was applied to simulate some flash flood events in the Taehwa river basin by using of SURR model to consider soil moisture, and applied to the flash flood forecasting using predicted radar rainfall. The hydrometeorological data are gathered from 2011 to 2021. Furthermore, radar rainfall is forecasted up to 6-hours has been used to forecast flash flood during heavy rain in August 2021, Wulsan area. The accuracy of the predicted rainfall is evaluated and the correlation between observed and predicted rainfall is analyzed for quantitative evaluation. The results show that with a short lead time (1-3hr) the result of forecast flash flood events was very close to collected information, but with a larger lead time big difference was observed. The results obtained from this study are expected to use for set up the emergency planning to prevent the damage of flash flood.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2023

The present study aimed to examine the relationship between person-job fit, work meaningfulness, job involvement, and career satisfaction, which have recently gained attention from employees and HR professionals. Based on previous studies, we logically established a path from person-job fit to work meaningfulness, job involvement, and ultimately career satisfaction. This study sought to validate these dual mediating effect. A survey was conducted with 283 employees, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and Process Macro. The main findings of the study are as follows: person-job fit, work meaningfulness, job involvement, and career satisfaction showed positive correlations. The dual mediating effects of work meaningfulness and job involvement on the relationship between person-job fit and career satisfaction were statistically significant. These results imply that in order to prevent employee turnover and ensure the organization's sustained performance, it is necessary to design jobs in a way that allows employees to perceive their work as suitable and aligned with their characteristics, thereby enhancing positive psychological factors such as work meaningfulness, job involvement, and career satisfaction. The conclusions provide implications, limitations, and suggestions for future research.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1967

The metabolic patterns of C-1 and C-6-carbon atoms of glucose were observed in the tissue homogenates of the Ehrlich ascites tumor tissue which was incubated for 3 hours in the Dubnuff metabolic shaking incubator. $C^{14}-1-and\;C^{14}-6-glucose$ were used as tracers. The glucose media in which tissue homogenate was incubated was kept at a concentration of 200mg% glucose of carrier and appropriate amount of $C^{14}-1-or\;C^{14}-6-tracer$. At the end of 3 hour incubation, respiratory $CO_2$ samples trapped by alkaline which is placed in the tenter well of incubation flask were analyzed for the total $CO_2$ production rates and their radioactivities. The tissue homogenate samples after incubation were analyzed for their concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glycogen and calculations were made on the glucose consumption rate, pyruvate and lactate accumulation rates. The following results were obtained. Data obtained in each group are as follows: 1. In the tissue homogenate, which was incubated with $C^{14}-1-glucose as a substrate, total $CO_2$ production rate averaged $19.0{\pm}5.0{\mu}M/hr/gm$ and the mean specific activity of respiratory $CO_2$ was $840{\pm}296\;cpm/mgC.$ Relative specific activity (RSA) which means the fraction of $CO_2$ derived from medium $C^{14}-1-glucose$ to total $CO_2$ production rate was calculated by ratio of SA of respiratory $CO_2$ and medium $C^{14}-1-glucose.$ RSA was $14.3{\pm}5.0%,$ Accordingly actual $CO_2$ production rate from medium $C^{14}-1-glucose$ showed a mean value of $2.79{\pm}1.35\;{\mu}m$ of which amount was equivalent to the mean value of total glucose consumption rate $(RGDco_2)$, namely, $5.1{\pm}1.3%.$ Lactate and pyruvate appearance rates averaged $7.13{\pm}1.26\;and\;0.21{\pm}0.02{\mu}M/hr/gm,$ respectively. Assuming that these 3 carbon compounds appeared in the medium were derived from glucose, calculations were made that relative glucose disappearance rate into lactate $(RGD_L)$ was $38.0{\pm}5.4%\;and\;RGD_P$ was $1.23{\pm}0.03%.$ Therefore, about 43.3% of the total glucose consumed were accounted for by conversion into the respiratory $CO_2$, lactate and pyruvate. 2. In the second group, which was incubated with $C^{14}-1-glucose$ as a substrate, glucose consumption rate, lactate and pyruvate appearance rates showed almost the same order as the values of the $C^{14}-1-glucose$ substrate group. However, RSA was remarkably decreased showing a mean value of $1.02{\pm}0.13%.$ This fact means that the C-6 carbon of glucose take the minor part in the oxidative metabolism of glucose. The glycogen level in both substrate tissue homogenate showed less than 0.3% of tissue weight. These low value suggested that there was an inhibition of carbohydrate synthesis in the Ehrlich ascites tumor tissue. 3. The catabolic pathway of glucose in the tumor tissue were analyzed on the basis of Bloom's principle from the values of RSA. It was found that in the tumor tissue more than 90% of $CO_2$ derived from glucose were oxidized via the alternate pathway other than principal EMP-TCA cycle such as hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP). From the data described above, it was assumed that in the Ehrlich tumor tissue anaerobic glycolysis proceeds normally although, the oxidation of products of anaerobic glycolysis via the TCA cycle is inhibited resulting in the accumulation of lactate and almost all of oxidative energy from glucose is released by oxidative pathway such as HMP.