• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 1984

High performance liquid chromatographic separation is described for the analysis of bile acids after hydrolysis in seven commercial crude bile drugs and ox and pig galls. They are simultaneously separated with HPLC mobile phase of acetonitrile/0.5% ammonium carbonate (pH 6.7) (25.5 : 74.5) at a flow rate $(1.0{\rightarrow}1.5ml/min.)$ and differential refractometer. The linearity of calibration curve and recovery test are good by using the method. The analysis of major bile acids in seven commercial crude bile drugs using the described method is presented. Sample no. 1 of them is similar to separation pattern of ox gall. Sample no. 6 of them is supposed to be genuine bear gall on the basis of identification of ursodeoxycholic acid. Sample $no.\;2{\sim}5$ and 7 of them are supposed to be pig gall on the basis of identification of hyodeoxycholic acid which is a characteristic component of pig gall.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to analyze the quality of Ojeok-san extract powders distributed in Korea. Methods : HPLC analyses of Ojeok-san decoction produced in laboratory and 8 kinds of Ojeok-san extract powders were done. Also, quantity analyses of paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora, Glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza uralensis, alkaloid in Ephedra sinica, Hesperidin in Citrus unshiu Markovich, and cinnamic acid in Cinnamomum cassia Blume were performed to investigate the accurate content of 6 kinds of Ojeok-san extract powders. Results : In the pattern analysis, the peaks were compared. The content of components in herbal extract powders was 14.7 to 15.8% of that of decoction in average. The range was measured from 8.5 to 25.7%. The pattern comparison showed significant differences among the pharmaceutical companies' products. As for the quantity analysis, one of herbal extract powder contained insufficient amount of Paeonia lactiflora components and one of herbal extract powder was in short of Ephedra sinica components. All of the others contained more than standard component(over 90%). Conclusions : Because herbal extract powders are also medicine, standardized manufacturing methods and consistent quality management are necessary. Therefore exaction and operation of national standards and various researches to improve the quality management of herbal extract powders is urgent.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

Objectives : To present a differential standard of Armeniacae Semen and Persicae Semen that are easily confused. Methods : It was planed a differential standard form through outer appearance of the original plant, outer appearance in the form of each medicines and the appearance of the interior form through a microscope for each samples. Using an standard compound amygdalin, each samples have been analyzed by HPLC and TLC. Results : It was possible to distinguish the orignal plant between Armeniacae Semen and Persicae Semen through its leaf shape and calyx type. In Outer appearance in the form of each medicines, there was no difference pre-existing method(measuring length and width). In vascular pattern of the surface, however, there was a clear difference that Armeniacae Semen was developed more reticulated branches than Persicae Semen. In appearance through a microscope, it has not been possible to find a clear difference in the per original plant. However, there was a clear difference between Armeniacae Semen(1 layer) and Persicae Semen(3 layer) in inner albubemen cell. In TLC analysis, there was no difference in the pattern between samples. But in HPLC analysis, Armeniacae Semen showed amygdalin content higher on average. Conclusions : It will be possible to find various differences in the outer appearance of the original plant, the outer appearance in the form of each medicines, the appearance of the interior form through a microscope and physical and chemical research component.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1363-1368
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• 2008

The extraction and quantitative analysis conditions for astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, and the structural characteristics of H. pluvialis extract, H. pluvialis hydrolysate and synthetic astaxanthin were investigated using UV/visible and FT-IR spectrometers. Astaxanthin was dissolved in methanol, and then treated to enhance the solubility by sonication for 45 min. With sonication pretreatment, the solubility of astaxanthin increased up to 1.5 times compared to that without sonication. The extracts were hydrolyzed by cholesterol esterase for the analysis of H. pluvialis extract containing astaxanthin ester. A HPLC method using reverse phase C18 column with methanol-water (95:5, v/v) as mobile phase was developed to analyze astaxanthin. After hydrolysis, the absorption spectrum of H. pluvialis hydrolysat was changed to similar pattern to synthetic astaxanthin, confirming the extraction and analysis condition of astaxanthin from H. pluvialis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2008

Objectives: To determine the standards for discrimination of Magnoliae Cortex, the experiment of specific external-internal characters and the physicochemical pattern analysis were performed. Methods: External characteristics was observed using a stereoscope. Paraffin-mediated sectioned materials were stained by Ju's method. Physicochemical patterns of materials were analyzed using HPLC. Results: 1. Botanical characteristics: Magnolia officinalis had one seed and a white flower, while M. obovata had two seeds and a white flower. Machilus thunbergii had berry and spherical fruits and yellowish green panicles. 2. External characteristics: M. officinalis and M obovata were dark and thick. M. officinalis was gray brown and greasy while M. obovata was light-gray, less oily and smoothly sectioned. Machilus thunbergii was thin and relatively light or yellow-brown, coarsely sectioned and faintly specific scents. 3. Internal characteristics: The bast parts of M. officinalis and M. obovata were commonly wider than Machilus thunbergii The cork cortex of M. officinalis was $10{\sim}mg/L$ cell layers with many oil cells, while that of M. obovata was $4{\sim}7$ cell layers with less oil cells. Machilus thunbergii's xylem which consisted of ring-shaped cambium at 1st and 2nd part was occupied in large portion. 4. Physicochemical pattern: Both M. officinalis and M. obovata involved honokiol and magnolol. All kinds of M. officinalis involved Magnatriol B but one kind of M. ovobata and all of Machilus thunbergii didn't. Machilus thunbergii showed different pattern of chromatogram from that of 2 species above. Conclusions: These results could be used as standards for discrimination of Magnoliae Cortex and as the method of objectification in medicinal herbs giving the basic resource for bioactivity research.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2021

Objectives : This study is to check the quality of Moschus products in Korean markets using a chromatographic analysis. Methods : We collected musk products, two genuine products from Russia (A, B), two authentic products from Hong Kong (C) and Korea (D), the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) standard (E), and two fire ants products (E, F). Results : For identification, TLC analysis of 60% ethanol extracts of each product showed that A, B, C, and E have the suitable patterns before color development at 365 nm UV light for the MFDS regulation in Korea. A clear red spot was observed from the E at R_f 0.6 with 365 nm UV light after color development, but this spot was not found in A and B. For the purity test, a distinct violet spot with R_f 0.87 was observed from the A and B in TLC analysis of methanol extracts of each product at white light, however, this spot was not matched with the impurities of E and F. In HPLC-UV pattern analysis, a similar peak pattern was shown in A, B and E, and similar peaks were observed C, although the similarity was weaker than that of A, B, and E. The F and G showed different peak patterns compared with the peak patterns of other samples. Conclusions : Hence, it is considered that the test methods need flexibility in application for identification and purity test depending on the type of sample.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1979

Triglyceride compositions of cottonseed, soybean, sesame, perilla corn and rapeseed oils have been determined by a high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. An optimum condition was obtained by using a ALC/GPC 244 type, from Waters Association, Japan with $\mu$ Bondapak $C_{18}(1/4^{'}\times1^{'})$ column. A similar distribution pattern of triglycerides was found in cottonseed, soybean, sesame, rapeseed and corn oils. It was noted that $C_{40}$, $C_{42}$ and $C_{44}$ were the major components in these seed oils, except perilla oil. The results showed that contents $O_{40}-C_{48}$ triglyceride types in cottonseed, sesame and corn oil were within $2.23{\sim}41.24%$ and $C_{38}-C_{48}$ triglyceride types in soybean oil were within $3.01{\sim}10.02%$ and $C_{34}-C_{46}$ triglyceride types in rapeseed oil were within $2.38{\sim}28.68%$.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the optimal extraction time for Artemisia argyi. Methods: The compositional pattern was compared with HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and GC (Gas-Chromatography) by decocting Artemisia argyi 10, 60, 120 minutes respectively. Results: With longer extraction time, the contents of reference compounds were extracted 1.1 times more when 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid was extracted for 60 minutes than when extracted for 10 minutes in HPLC test, but the contents were reduced when extracted for 120 minutes compared to 60 minutes extraction time. 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, jaceosidin, and eupatilin showed the largest yield rate when extracted for 10 minutes, and it decreased as time passed. The contents of chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, jaceosidin, scoparone, and eupatilin were detected only in 10 minutes extraction but not in 60 or 120 minutes extraction according to GC test. Conclusions: The results show that extraction time could affect the physicochemical characteristic or composition of Artemisia argy extracted. Thus, short extraction time could be useful for decoction of Artemisia argyi.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.3 s.150
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• pp.217-221
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• 2007

Aucklandia lappa Decne (Compositae) has been used for treatment of vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and indigestion and Inula helenium L. (Compositae) for sweat and urination. In spite of difference species and efficacy, we have been used Aucklandia lappa Dence together with Inula helenium L. To distinguish Aucklandia lappa Dence from Inula helenium L., we have compared the contents of dehydrocostuslactone and costunolide by HPLC. The average contents of costunolide of Aucklandia lappa Dence was 0.84% $({\pm}\;0.29)$ but was not detected in Inula helenium L. The contents of dehydrocostuslactone from Aucklandia lappa Dence and Inula helenium L. were about 1.70% $({\pm}0.37)$ and 1.82% $({\pm}0.59)$, respectively.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 2009

Quantitative analysis of (+)-catechin (C), (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin (EC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) and caffeine in commercial green tea was carried out by HPLC employing gradient elution of 0.1% acetic acid and acetonitrile on ODS column. The optimized HPLC method provided satisfactory linearity, accuracy and precision. The relationship between the concentration of the components and cultivated region of the commercial green tea was not significant, while the concentration of EGCG, ECG and caffeine decreased significantly in the later harvested green tea samples (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis of the components was performed in order to characterize and evaluate the cultivated region and harvest period-related variation. Hierarchical clustering and discriminant analysis were applied to classify the geographical and seasonal origins of the green tea samples. The classification accuracy of the cultivated region and harvest period by discriminant analysis was 95% and 91%, respectively, indicating that this method could be reliable and convenient for the quality control of herbal products with different origin.