• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.320-325
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• 1997

이소말토올리고당의 생산에 사용되는 Aspergillus niger 유래의 TG의 고정화를 위해 여러가지 방법을 비교하여 고정화방법을 선정하였다. 이온결합과 흡착, entrapment, 공유결합과 금속이온을 이용한 결합 등을 이용하여 TG의 고정화를 시도하였다. TG의 고정화를 위해서는 수율면에서 우수하고(61.3%) 간편성도 있는 CNBr-activated sepharose 4B를 이용한 고정화 방법을 선정하였다. DEAE-sephadex를 이용한 이온결합에 의해서는 33.1%, Diaion HP-20를 이용한 흡착법에 의해서는 22.5%의 수율을 보였으나 CNBr-activated sepharose 4B를 이용한 고정화 방법에 비해 수율과 안정성이 낮아 제외하였다. Entrapment에 의한 고정화는 bead내의 확산저항으로 인해 최종산물의 생성에 불리한 것으로 판단되었고 magnesium silicate, silica gel, glass bead 등의 담체를 이용한 고정화방법은 낮은 수율로 인해, 금속이온을 이용한 경우 역시 낮은 수율과 장시간의 준비로 인해 고정화방법으로 부적당하다고 판단되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.578-582
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• 2010

$ZrB_2$ has a melting point of $3245^{\circ}C$ and a relatively low density of $6.1\;g/cm^3$, which makes this a candidate for application to ultrahigh temperature environments over $2000^{\circ}C$. Beside these properties, $ZrB_2$ is known to have excellent resistance to thermal shock and oxidation compared with other non-oxide engineering ceramics. In order to enhance such oxidation resistance, SiC was frequently added to $ZrB_2$-based systems. Due to nonsinterability of $ZrB_2$-based ceramics, research on the sintering aids such as $B_4C$ or $MoSi_2$ becomes popular recently. In this study, densification and high-temperature properties of $ZrB_2$-SiC ceramics especially with $B_4C$ are investigated. $ZrB_2$-20 vol% SiC system was selected as a basic composition and $B_4C$ or C was added to this system in some extents. Mixed powders were sintered using hot pressing (HP). With sintered bodies, densification behavior and high-temperature (up to $1400^{\circ}C$) properties such as flexural strength, hardness, and so on were examined.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

Due to wide abuse of antibiotics both in human and livestock use, the advent and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens becomes a serious health problem all over the world. Since the development of new antibiotics is at a standstill in pharmaceutical industry, the choice of therapeutic antibiotics is getting narrower. In this study, in an effort to search new antibiotics, the antimicrobial activity of Paenibacillus DY1 isolated from Korean soil was characterized on its growth inhibition spectrum against various health threatening MDR strains, with its stability and chemical structure. Extracellular culture filtrate of Paenibacillus DY1 effectively inhibits the growth of all the tested MDR enteropathogenic Eshcherichia coli, enterohemolytic E. coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, at a similar level to that on the nonresistant control E. coli strains. It showed significant growth inhibition effect against the causative agents of class one legal communicable disease, MDR Salmonella typhi, MDR Salmonella paratyphi A, food poisoning bacteria, MDR Salmonella typhimurium, and other MDR Salmonella spp. The growth of all of 10 different MDR Shigella spp. strains and 6 different Vibrio spp. strains tested was also inhibited. The antimicrobial activity of Paenibacillus DY1 was well preserved after heat treatment, and was also stable in both alkaline and acidic environment. The antimicrobial activity was partially purified with Diaion HP20 column and TLC. By NMR study, the putative structure of the activity was postulated as an alkane having hydroxyl groups.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2011

Good manufacturing practice (GMP)-based quality control is an integral component of the common technical document, a formal documentation process for applying a marketing authorization holder to those countries where ginseng is classified as a medicine. In addition, authentication of the physico-chemical properties of ginsenoside reference materials, and qualitative and quantitative batch analytical data based on validated analytical procedures are prerequisites for certifying GMP. Therefore, the aim of this study was to propose an authentication process for isolated ginsenosides $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$ as reference materials (RM) and for these compounds to be designated as RMs for ginseng preparations throughout the world. Ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$ were isolated by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography, silica gel flash chromatography, recrystallization, and preparative HPLC. HPLC fractions corresponding to those two ginsenosides were recrystallized in appropriate solvents for the analysis of physico-chemical properties. Documentation of the isolated ginsenosides was made according to the method proposed by Gaedcke and Steinhoff. The ginsenosides were subjected to analyses of their general characteristics, identification, purity, content quantitation, and mass balance tests. The isolated ginsenosides were proven to be a single compound when analyzed by three different HPLC systems. Also, the water content was found to be 0.940% for $Rb_1$ and 0.485% for $Rg_1$, meaning that the net mass balance for ginsenoside $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$ were 99.060% and 99.515%, respectively. From these results, we could assess and propose a full spectrum of physicochemical properties for the ginsenosides $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$ as standard reference materials for GMP-based quality control.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.953-957
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• 2002

새우를 육과 껍질 부분을 분리하지 않는 것과 폐기되고 있는 껍질부분만을 모아 SDE 장치를 이용해서 휘발성 성분을 조사해 본 결과, 각각 26개와 46개의 성분이 분리된 것을 알수 있었다. 휘발성 성분의 양에서도 껍질 부분을 처리한 시료에서 훨씬 더 많은 것을 볼 수 있었다. 시료를 마쇄하는 전처리 공정을 거치면서 추출율을 살펴보면 SSW의 경우에는 눈에 띄게 휘발성 성분의 양이 늘어난 것을 알 수가 있었다.. GC-MSD로 분리.동정 한 결과, pyrazines이 9종, acids S종, aldehydes 3종, alcohol 4종, pyridines 2종로 나타났다. SSW를 AEDA법으로 단계적으로 희석하여 GCO를 통해 sniffing test를 실시한 결과, 낮은 온도에서는 진한 새우 새우냄새가 지배적이었고, 온도가 올라갈수록 불쾌한 기름 냄새가 났다. GC-FID에서는 검출되지 않는 영역에서도 고소한 향이나 부드러운 향성분이 log$_3$ FD3이상의 높은 향 인지도를 나타내었다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Background: Cordyceps militaris have been reported to modify the immune and inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. Macrophages play important roles in the innate immunity through the phagocytosis of antigens. This study examined the effects of Cordyceps militaris on the activation of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Methods: The components contained in culture broth of Cordyceps militaris were purified by propyl alcohol extraction and HP 20 column chromatography to CMDB, CMDBW, CMDB5P, and CMDB25P. The amounts of nitric oxide (NO) were determined by using ELISA, Griess reagent respectively. The amounts of some cytokines were determined by using ELISA, western blot, and RT-PCR The expression levels of cell surface molecules (ICAM-1, B7-1 and B7-2) were measured by flow cytometric analysis. Results: All the components of Cordyceps militaris produced significant amounts of NO. In particular, CMDB produced much more NO in RAW 264.7 cells and primary macrophages than other fractions of Cordyceps militaris. CMDB increased significantly the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$, and IL-6 dose-dependently in RAW 264.7 cells. Examination of the gene expression level also showed that the enhanced production of cytokines was correlated with the up-regulation of i-NOS expression, cycloxygenase (COX)-2 expression, IL-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 expression, and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression on the expression of mRNAs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR Western blot analysis also confirmed that CMDB enhances the expression level of these cytokines. Conclusion: These results show that CMDB stimulates the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines and can also up-regulate the gene expression levels in macrophages.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.396-401
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of suspension cultures of tea callus cells grown in the presence of different concentrations of the growth regulator 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) with or without light irradiation. The methanol and ethanol extracts of precipitated cells (MEP, EEP) exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor cell lines than the water extract of precipitated cells (WEP) or the supernatant Compared to culture under dark conditions, exposure to light irradiation led to significantly higher antitumor activity. The MEP from light irradiated cells at $250{\mu}g/mL$ with 2.0mg/L 2,4-D displayed more than 64% growth inhibition of HEP-2 cells, whereas normal cells showed less than 25% growth inhibition. The some fractions of MEP obtained from Diaion HP-20 column chromatography displayed the majority of inhibitory activity against the HEP-2 cell line. These results show that 2,4-D, and light stimulated the synthesis of antitumor compounds.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.193-193
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• 2010

서로 다른 유전 물질을 이용하여 다층구조의 터널장벽을 이용하여 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 동작 특성 및 전하보존 특성을 향상시킬 수 있음이 보고되었다.[1-3] 본 연구에서는 $SiO_2/Si_3N_4/SiO_2$구조의 다층 구조의 터널 장벽을 이용하여 $WSi_2$ 나노 입자 비휘발성 메모리 소자를 제작하였다. P-형 Si 기판에 100 nm 두께의 Poly-Si 박막을 증착시켜 소스, 드레인 및 게이트 영역을 포토 리소그래피를 이용하여 형성하였다. $SiO_2/Si_3N_4/SiO_2$(ONO) 터널장벽은 CVD (chemical vapor deposition) 장치로 각각 2 nm, 2 nm 와 3 nm 두께로 형성하였으며, 그 위에 $WSi_2$ 박막을 3~4 nm 마그내트론 스퍼터링 방법으로 증착하였다. ONO 터널 장벽구조 위에 $WSi_2$나노입자를 형성시키기 위해, $N_2$분위기에서 급속열처리 방법을 이용하여 $900^{\circ}C$에서 1분간 열처리를 하였다. 마지막으로 20 nm 두께의 컨트롤 절연막을 초고진공 스퍼터를 이용하여 증착하고, Al 박막을 200 nm 두께로 증착하였다. 여기서. 제작된 메모리 소자의 게이트 길이와 선폭은 모두 $10\;{\mu}m$ 이다. 비휘발성 메모리 소자의 전기적 특성은 HP 4156A 반도체 파라미터 장비, Agilent 81104 A 80MHz 펄스/패턴 발생기를 이용하였다. 또한 전하 저장 터널링 메커니즘과, 전하누설의 원인을 분석하고 소자의 열적 안정성을 확인하기 위하여 $25^{\circ}C$ 에서 $125^{\circ}C$ 로 온도를 변화시켜 외부로 방출되는 전하의 활성화 에너지를 확인하여 누설근원을 확인하였다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.107-110
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• 2013

This study was carried out to optimize the conditions for a chemotaxonomic classification of Ganoderma species. The mycelia of Ganoderma species were extracted with 100% MeOH, and the concentrated extracts were further purified and partitioned with column chromatography (HP20) and n-BuOH, respectively. From the result of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the constituents of the samples were efficiently separated with a Chemco Pak $C_{18}$ column ($250mm{\times}4.6mm$) by linear gradient elution using water and acetonitrile as mobile phase components at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min and detector wavelength at 210 nm. However, the samples without purification or partition were not detected the characteristic peaks. This profile could be used to classify and identify the various Ganoderma species.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.127-127
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• 2011

We investigate the transparent TFTs using a transparent ZnSnO3 (ZTO)/Ag/ZTO multilayer electrode as S/D electrodes with low resistivity of $3.24{\times}10^{-5}$ ohm-cm, and high transparency of 86.29% in ZTO based TFTs. The Transparent TFTs (TTFTs) are prepared on glass substrate coated 100 nm of ITO thin film. On atomic layer deposited $Al_2\;O_3$, 50 nm ZTO layer is deposited by RF magnetron sputtering through a shadow mask for channel layer using ZTO target with 1 : 1 molar ratio of ZnO : $SnO_2$. The power of 100W, the working pressure of 2mTorr, and the gas flow of Ar 20 sccm during the ZTO deposition. After channel layer deposition, a ZTO (35 nm)/Ag (12 nm)/ZTO(35 nm) multilayer is deposited by DC/RF magnetron sputtering to form transparent S/D electrodes which are patterned through the shadow mask. Devices are annealed in air at 300$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min following ZTO deposition. Using UV/Visible spectrometer, the optical transmittances of the TTFT using ZTO/Ag/ ZTO multilayer electrodes are compared with TFT using Mo electrode. The structural properties of ZTO based TTFT with ZTO/Ag/ZTO multilayer electrodes are analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The transfer and output characterization of ZTO TTFTs are examined by a customized probe station with HP4145B system in are.