• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.629-646
• /
• 2023

Host rock of Cheonjeon-ri petroglyph is shale belonging to the Daegu Formation of Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup. The rocks were hornfelsified by thermal alteration, and shows high density and hardness. The petroglyph forms weathered zone with certain depth, and has difference in mineral and chemical composition from the unweathered zone. As the physical deterioration evaluations, most of cracks on the surface appear parallel to the bedding, and are concentrated in the upper part with relatively low density. Breakout parts are occurred in the upper and lower parts of the petroglyph, accounting for 6.0% of the total area and occurs to have been created by the wedging action of cracks crossing. The first exfoliation parts occupying the surface were 23.8% of the total area, the second exfoliations covered with 9.3%, and the exfoliation parts with three or more times were calculated as 3.4%. It is interpreted that this is not due to natural weathering, and the thermal shock caused by the cremation custom here in the past. As the ultrasonic properties, the petroglyph indicates highly strength in the horizontal direction parallel to bedding, and the area with little physical damage recorded mean of 4,684 m/s, but the area with severe cracks and exfoliations showed difference from 2,597 to 3,382 m/s on average. Physical deterioration to the Cheonjeon-ri petroglyph occurred to influence by repeated weathering, which caused the rock surface to become more severe than the inside and the binding force of minerals to weaken. Therefore, it can be understood that when greater stress occurs in the weathered zone than in the unweathered zone, the relatively weathered surface loses its support and exfoliation occurs.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.62 no.3
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2023

Thrips are usually not exposed to insecticide spray due to hiding at holes, gaps, or crevices of host plants with their relatively small body sizes. This study devised a strategy to use a contact pheromone to suppress the seclusive behavior of the thrips, A contact pheromone identified as 7-methyltricosane (7TM) in the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, was added to the diet to test the preference of the thrips. Although 7TM did not change the larval behavior, it significantly induced the avoiding behavior in male adults. In contrast, the contact pheromone was preferred by the female adults. Similar behavioral changes were also observed in another flower thrips, Frankliniella intonsa. Based on the behavioral changes induced by the contact pheromone, a mixture of 7TM and insecticide was applied to thrips infesting hot peppers in field conditions. Compared to spinetoram treatment, its mixture treatment with 7TM enhanced the control efficacy against thrips. Interestingly, 7TM treatment alone also gave slight reduction in F. intonsa density, suggesting a behavioral disruption of thrips by the contact pheromone. This study suggests a novel technology to control insect pests using contact pheromone by suppressing the seclusive behavior to avoid exposure to insecticide spray.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.62 no.3
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2023

In this study, we investigated the functional response of aphid parasitoid, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Three carbon dioxide concentrations (400, 600, and 1000ppm) and seven host densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) were used during a 24-h period. A type III functional response for A. colemani was fit separately for each CO₂ concentration. The estimated handling time (Th) under elevated CO₂ (600 ppm and 1000 ppm, 0.015 and 0.014 day) was shorter than that under ambient CO₂ (400 ppm, 0.017 day). The proportion of aphids that were parasitized showed the similar characteristic curve under three CO₂ concentrations. The highest parasitized rates for A. colemani were 0.57, 0.61, and 0.70 at 16, 32, and 32 aphid density under 400, 600, and 1000ppm, respectively. Although handling time of A. colemani was influenced by elevated CO₂ concentrations, the attach rate was not changed much.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.193-202
• /
• 2023

Influenza IAVs are encapsulated negative-strand RNA viruses that infect many bird species' respiratory systems and can spread to other animals, including humans. This work reanalyzed previous microarray datasets to identify common and specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in chickens, as well as their biological activities. There were 760 and 405 DEGs detected in HPAIV and LPAIV-infected chicken cells, respectively. HPAIV and LPAIV have 670 and 315 DEGs, respectively, with both viruses sharing 90 DEGs. Because of HPAIV infection, numerous genes were implicated in a fundamental biological function of the cell cycle, according to the functional annotation of DEGs. Of the targeted genes, expressions of CDC Like Kinase 3 (CLK3), Nucleic Acid Binding Protein 1 (NABP1), Interferon-Inducible Protein 6 (IFI6), PIN2 (TERF1) Interacting Telomerase Inhibitor 1 (PINX1), and Cellular Communication Network Factor 4 (WISP1) were altered in DF-1 cells treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PIC), a toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand, suggesting that transcription of these genes be controlled by TLR3 signaling. To gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of AIVs in chickens, it is crucial to focus more research on unraveling the mechanisms through which AIV infections may manipulate host responses during the infection process. Insights into these mechanisms could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.385-388
• /
• 2023

Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), a polyphagous insect pest belonging to the family Lymantriidae, is widely distributed in Korea, Japan, Siberia, Europe, and North America. They pose a threat to various host plants including pear trees, apple trees, and blueberries. Traditionally considered a forest pest, the increasing incursion of gypsy moths into agricultural land near forested areas has intensified damage to crops lacking effective control methods. This study aimed to investigate the temperature-dependent development of gypsy moths to enhance outbreak prediction and advance technology development. The effects of temperature on development of each life stage were investigated under constant temperature conditions of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33℃ (14L:10D, RH 60±5%) utilizing egg masses collected in Jeollanam-do Jangheung-gun in 2021. The results revealed that higher temperatures accelerated the development rate of the gypsy moth larvae with optimal development occurring at 30℃. However, the survival rate was lowest at 33℃. At the favorable temperature of 30℃, the total development period was 43.8 days for females and 42.5 days for males. The developmental threshold temperature were 13.1℃ for females and 12.5℃ for males, with effective accumulated temperature of 641.1 DD and 657.8 DD, respectively.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.935-940
• /
• 2023

Digital-twin technology is emerging as an innovative solution for all industries, including manufacturing and production lines. Therefore, this paper optimizes all the energy used in a biomass plant based on unused resources. We will then implement a digital-twin prototype for biomass plants and evaluate its performance in order to improve the efficiency of plant operations. The proposed digital-twin prototype applies a standard communication platform between the framework and the gateway and is implemented to enable real-time collaboration. and, define the message sequence between the client server and the gateway. Therefore, an interface is implemented to enable communication with the host server. In order to verify the performance of the proposed prototype, we set up a virtual environment to collect data from the server and perform a data collection evaluation. As a result, it was confirmed that the proposed framework can contribute to energy optimization and improvement of operational efficiency when applied to biomass plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2024

Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) is a popular and economically vital plant known for its ornamental and medicinal properties. Despite its widespread cultivation, there has been no documentation of plant viruses on gardenia yet. In the present study, gardenia leaves exhibiting symptoms of plant viral diseases were sampled and sequenced by both metatranscriptome and small RNA sequencing. As a consequence, bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) was identified in gardenia for the first time and named BCMV-gardenia. The full genome sequence of BCMV-gardenia is 10,054 nucleotides (nt) in length (excluding the poly (A) at the 3' termini), encoding a large polyprotein of 3,222 amino acids. Sequence analysis showed that the N-termini of the polyprotein encoded by BCMV-gardenia is less conserved when compared to other BCMV isolates, whereas the C-termini is the most conserved. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that BCMVgardenia was clustered closely with other BCMV isolates identified outside the leguminous plants. Our results indicated that the majority of BCMV-gardenia virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) were 21 nt and 22 nt, with 21 nt being more abundant. The first nucleotide at the 5' termini of vsiRNAs derived from BCMV-gardenia preferred U and A. The ratio of vsiRNAs derived from sense (51.1%) and antisense (48.9%) strands is approaching, and the distribution of vsiRNAs along the viral genome is generally even, with some hot spots forming in local regions. Our findings could provide new insights into the diversity, evolution, and host expansion of BCMV and contribute to the prevention and treatment of this virus.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.26-36
• /
• 2024

Purpose: We investigated the role of CD8⁺T cells as host immune factors in pediatric patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Methods: Gastric mucosal tissue and blood samples were collected from 39 children, including 11 children with H. pylori infection and 28 children as controls. Anti-CD8 and anti-T-bet antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry of the gastric mucosa. For the cell surface and intracellular staining, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with anti-IL7Rα, anti-CX3CR1, anti-CD8, anti-T-bet, and anti-IFN-γ antibodies. Cytokines of sera such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and CX3CL1 were analyzed using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In the immunohistochemistry of gastric mucosa, the frequency of CD8⁺ and T-bet⁺ T cells cells was higher in the H. pylori-positive group than in the control group (26.9± 7.8% vs. 16.9±3.3%, p<0.001; 5.0±2.5% vs. 2.2±0.7%, p=0.001). Between the control and H. pylori-positive groups, the frequency of IL-7Rα^lowCX3CR1⁺ CD8⁺ and T-bet⁺ INF-γ⁺ CD8⁺ T cells were not significantly different between surface and intracellular staining, respectively (40.4±24.0% vs. 38.2±17.8%, p=0.914; 40.4±24.0% vs. 38.2±17.8%, p=0.914). In the ELISA, no significant differences in TNF-α and CX3CL1 concentrations were observed between the control and H. pylori-positive groups (34.3±12.1 pg/mL vs. 47.0±22.6 pg/mL, p=0.114/0.5± 0.1 pg/mL vs. 0.5±0.1 pg/mL, p=0.188). Conclusion: CD8⁺ T and Th1 cells, which secrete IFN-γ, might play important roles in the mucosal immunity of the stomach in children with H. pylori infection.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.481-492
• /
• 2024

Objective: To evaluate the clinical and imaging characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in hospitalized immunocompromised patients in comparison with immunocompetent patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed consecutive adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 who received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at two academic medical centers between June 2021 and December 2022. Immunocompromised patients (with active solid organ cancer, active hematologic cancer, active immune-mediated inflammatory disease, status post solid organ transplantation, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome) were compared with immunocompetent patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of immune status on severe clinical outcomes (in-hospital death, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission), severe radiologic pneumonia (≥ 25% of lung involvement), and typical CT pneumonia. Results: Of 2218 patients (mean age, 69.5 ± 16.1 years), 274 (12.4%), and 1944 (87.6%) were immunocompromised an immunocompetent, respectively. Patients with active solid organ cancer and patients status post solid organ transplantation had significantly higher risks for severe clinical outcomes (adjusted odds ratio = 1.58 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.01-2.47], P = 0.042; and 3.12 [95% CI, 1.47-6.60], P = 0.003, respectively). Patient status post solid organ transplantation and patients with active hematologic cancer were associated with increased risks for severe pneumonia based on chest radiographs (2.96 [95% CI, 1.54-5.67], P = 0.001; and 2.87 [95% CI, 1.50-5.49], P = 0.001, respectively) and for typical CT pneumonia (9.03 [95% CI, 2.49-32.66], P < 0.001; and 4.18 [95% CI, 1.70-10.25], P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Immunocompromised patients with COVID-19 breakthrough infection showed an increased risk of severe clinical outcome, severe pneumonia based on chest radiographs, and typical CT pneumonia. In particular, patients status post solid organ transplantation was specifically found to be associated with a higher risk of all three outcomes than hospitalized immunocompetent patients.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.450-463
• /
• 2023

The objective of this study is to derive the core habitat of the Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai utilizing Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) models. Expert-based models have been criticized for their subjective criteria, while statistical models face difficulties in on-site validation and integration of expert opinions. To address these limitations, both models were employed, and their outcomes were overlaid to derive the core habitat. Five variables were identified through a comprehensive literature review and spatial analysis based on appearance coordinates. The environmental variables encompass vegetation zone, forest type, crown density, annual precipitation, and effective soil depth. Through surveys involving six experts, importance rankings and SI (Suitability Index) scores were established for each variable, subsequently facilitating the creation of an HSI map. Using the same variables, the MaxEnt model was also executed, resulting in a corresponding map, which was merged to construct the definitive core habitat map. Out of 16 observed locations of K. koreana, 15 were situated within the identified core habitat. Furthermore, an area historically known to host K. koreana but not verified in the present, Mt. Yeongchwi, was found to lack a core habitat. These findings suggest that the developed models exhibit a high degree of accuracy and effectively reflect the current ecological landscape.