• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 2016

An IP address is used as a host identifier and a locator to bind hosts and applications to their location in existing Internet. Several protocols are proposed to eliminate this binding. Most of these protocols use IPv6-based host identifiers to maintain compatibility with existing Internet, but these identifiers cannot be handled by standard IPv6 routers because such identifiers are unroutable. Therefore, host identifiers need to be usually converted to locators at hosts, and the standard IPv6 protocol should be modified to interoperate with these protocols. In this paper, we propose a network-based host identifier locator separating scheme in software-defined networking. The proposed scheme separates the underlying network into Host Identity and IP domains in order to directly forward unroutable identifiers. The Host Identity domain operates as an overlaid network over IP domain, and it makes the unroutable identifiers to be routable using distributed hash table based routing strategy. For the evaluation, we compared the proposed scheme with the previous scheme using signaling costs and packet delivery costs. The result shows that the proposed scheme is more suitable in the recent mobile-based environments.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.28-53
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• 2024

In general, high-level radioactive waste (HLW) generated as a result of nuclear power generation should be disposed within the country. Determination of the disposal site and host rock for HLW deep geological repository is an important issue not only scientifically but also politically, economically, and socially. Considered host rock types worldwide for geological disposal include crystalline rocks, sedimentary rocks, volcanic rocks, and salt dome. However, South Korea consists of various rock types except salt dome. This paper not only analyzed the geological and rock mechanical characteristics on a nationwide scale with the preliminary results on various rock type studies for the disposal host rock, but also reviewed the characteristics and possibility of various rock types as a host rock through deep drilling surveys. Based on the nationwide screening for host rock types resulted from literature review, rock distributions, and detailed case studies, Jurassic granites and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks (Jinju and Jindong formations) were derived as a possible candidate host rock types for the geological disposal. However, since the analyzed data for candidate rock types from this study is not enough, it is suggested that the disposal rock type should be carefully determined from additional and detailed analysis on disposal depth, regional characteristics, multidisciplinary investigations, etc.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.181-194
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• 2002

Parasitism is a one-sided relationship between two organisms in which one benefits at the expense of the other. Parasitic dinoflagellates, particularly species of Amoebophrya, have long been thought to be a potential biological agent for controlling harmful algal bloom(HAB). Amoebophrya infections have been reported for over 40 species representing more than 24 dinoflagellate genera including a few toxic species. Parasitic dinoflagellates Amoebophrya spp. have a relatively simple life cycle consisting of an infective dispersal stage (dinospore), an intracellular growth stage(trophont), and an extracellular reproductive stage(vermiform). Biology of dinospores such as infectivity, survival, and ability to successfully infect host cells differs among dinoflagellate host-parasite systems. There are growing reports that Amoebophrya spp.(previously, collectively known as Amoebophrya ceratii) exhibit the strong host specificity and would be a species complex composed of several host-specific taxa, based on the marked differences in host-parasite biology, cross infection, and molecular genetic data. Dinoflagellates become reproductively incompetent and are eventually killed by the parasite once infected. During the infection cycle of the parasite, the infected host exhibits ecophysiologically different patterns from those of uninfected host in various ways. Photosynthetic performance in autotrophic dinoflagellates can be significantly altered following infection by parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya, with the magnitude of the effects over the infection cycle of the parasite depending on the site of infection. Parasitism by the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophrya could have significant impacts on host behavior such as diel vertical migration. Parasitic dinoflagellates may not only stimulate rapid cycling of dissolved organic materials and/or trace metals but also would repackage the relatively large sized host biomass into a number of smaller dinospores, thereby leading to better retention of host's material and energy within the microbial loop. To better understand the roles of parasites in plankton ecology and harmful algal dynamics, further research on a variety of dinoflagellate host-parasite systems is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.39.2-39
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.40.1-40
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• 1999

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.246-256
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• 1995

Phenotypic characteristics, pathogenicity and fungicides resistance of fifty one isolates of Botrytis cinerea obtained from various host plants were observed and determined. The relationships between these characteristics were also investigated on the basis of isolation host plants. The isolates of B. cinerea varied in the capacity of sclerotia formation and sporulation. The pathogenicity of 44 isolates from tomato, cucumber, and strawberry was significantly stronger with 3.2 cm in average diameter of necrotic lesions on cucumber leaves than that of seven isolates from other host plants such as orange, gerbera, ginseng, kiwi, grape, pear and from butter with 1.8 cm in average diameter of necrotic lesions. Benomyl resistance of 12 isolates from tomato plants was much higher with the $EC_{50}$, 562 ppm than that of 19 isolates from various host plants. Diethofencarb resistance, however, of 11 isolates from strawberry plants was highest with the $EC_{50}$, 210 ppm among isolates from other host plants. Polygalacturonase activity varied among isolates in the range of 0 to 103 unit and that of isolates from tomato, cucumber and strawberry was slightly lower than that of isolates from other host plants. No significant relationship between pathogenicity and fungicides resistance, polygalacturonase activity was found among 51 isolates of B. cinerea. Isozyme patterns of polygalacturonase produced from two strongly and weakly pathogenic isolates (FC122, KC6) were slightly different depending upon carbon sources during cultivation.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.28 no.1_2
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• pp.80-89
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• 2001

The development in the mobile computing systems have arisen new and previously unforeseen problems, such as problems in information management of mobile host, disconnection of mobile host and low bandwidths of wireless communications. Especially, location information management strategy of mobile host results in an increased overhead in mobile computing systems. Due to the mobility of the mobiles host, the changes in the mobile host's address depends on the mobile host's location, and is maintained by mapping physical address on virtual address, Since previously suggested several strategies for mapping method between physical address and virtual address did not tackle the increase of mobile host and distribution of location information, it was not able to support the scalability in mobile computing systems. Thus, to distribute the location inrormation, we propose an advanced n-depth LiST (Location information Search Tree) and the parallel location search and update strategy based on the advanced n-depth LiST. The advanced n-depth LiST is logically a hierarchical structure that clusters the location information server by ring structure and reduces the location information search and update cost by parallel seatch and updated method. The experiment shows that even though the distance of two MHs that communicate with each other is large, due to the strnctural distribution of location information, advanced n-depth LiST results in good performance. Moreover, despite the reduction in the location information search cost, there was no increase in the location information update cost.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1996

To investigate the host range determining factors of nuclear polyhedrois virus (NPV), Autographa california NPV and Bombyx mori NPV were coinfected into the two different cell lines, BmN-4 and Sf-9. The recombinant baculoviruses, RecS-A6 and RecB-727 which have an expanded host range, were isolated from Sf-9 and BmN-4 cell lines, respectively. The molecular biological characteristics of the recombinant baculoviruses were investigated. The pathogenicity of RecB-727 was similar to that of wild type BmNPV, while the pathogenicity of RecS-A6 was relatively lower than that of wild type BmNPV. The restriction enzyme digestion patterns of parental viruses and recombinant viruses showed that the recombinant virus has an expanded host range by genetic recombination. Southern blot analysis revealed that the p10 gene of RecB-727 was derived from AcNPV genomic DNA, while RecS-A6 has p10 gene of BmNPV in a viral genome. To investigate the host range expansion mechanism of recombinant baculovirus, HindIII-SacI 0.6 kb DNA fragments of RecS-A6 and RecB-727 were cloned and sequenced. The results showed that of wild type BmNPV helicase gene, suggesting that the expanded host range of recombinant baculoviruses was due to the insertion of BmNPV helicase gene into AcNPV viral genome.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.626-634
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• 2004

In a client-server model, network server systems suffer from both heavy communication and computational loads. While communication channels become increasingly speedy, the existing protocol stack architectures still include mainly three performance bottlenecks of protocol stack processing, system call, and network interrupt overheads. To address these obstacles, in this paper we present a host-independent network system where a network interface card (NIC) is utilized in an efficient manner. First, by offloading network-related portion to the NIC, the host can fully utilize its processing power for other useful purposes. Second, it eliminates the system call overhead, such as context-switching and memory copy operations, since the host communicates with the NIC through its user-level libraries. Third, it a] so reduces the network interrupt operation count as the host handles the interrupt in a segment instead of a packet. The experimental results show that the proposed network system reduces the host CPU overhead for communication system by 68-71%. It also shows that the proposed system improves the communication speed by 11-83% under heavy computational and communication load conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.291-299
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• 1987

The cattle liver flukes were collected at daughter house and classified with gross morphology. The hepatica type was only 14 flukes (4.7%) and the gigantica type was 284 flukes (95.3%) among total 298 flukes collected. In order to determinate the intermediate host of the flukes, artificial infection with the miracidia to snail hosts, Radix auricularia and Austropelea ollula, were successfully carried out, but the development in the later was terminated at the sporocyst stage. Intermediate host of the cattle flukes used to hibernate in deep part of the stubbles of rice pady. The number of A. ollula that has been collected from a rice stubble was ranged 0 to 19. Their mean number was 7 snails per the stubble. In artificial infection with miracidia, the reasonable number of them were 1 to 9 and the snail size was 2 to 5mm in length. The productivility of metacercaria in the intermediate host was observed. The metacercarial production per snail was ranged 5.5 to 48.0 per one miracidium.