• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to examine effect of 12 week regular aerobic exercise on ST-segment and QTc interval in middle age type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The subjects consist of 13 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in middle age men and all of them had no other complications. Subjects participated in aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks. They started to exercise for $20{\sim}60$ min at $60{\sim}80%$ of $HR_{max}$, (exercise intensity has been increased gradually) per day, $3{\sim}5$ times a week. The results were compared before and after. Weight and BMI, % body fat, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, $_{peak}DBP$ were significantly decreased and $_{peak}HR$, $_{peak}VO_2$, exercisre time were significantly increased after 12 week aerobic exercise. Also, QTc interval and ST-segment were significantly decreased during at rest, peak exercise after 12 week aerobic exercise. Conclusionally, 12 week aerobic exercise may be improvement in decreased cardiovascular mortality factors (ST-segment) and abnormal autonomic dysfunction (QTc interval) and potentially increased exercise capacity.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.33-49
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between Pattern identification instrument and biomarkers in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Methods: Pattern identification instrument questionnaire, Sasang constitutional test, body composition test, pulse analyzing test, laboratory test were performed and the results were analyzed. Correlation analysis was performed between pattern identification and laboratory test results. Results: Testosterone, SHBG, $17{\alpha}$-OH-progesterone, AMH were highest in the Kidney-Yang Deficiency (腎陽虛) group. LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio were the highest in the Endogenous Heat due to Yin Deficiency (陰虛內熱) group. DHEA-S was the highest in the Dampness-Heat in Liver Meridian (肝經濕熱) group. E2, Prolactin, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, Glucose (FBS), Insulin, HOMA-IR ratio, HbA1c were the highest in the Phlegm-Dampness (痰濕) group. Conclusions: In this study, we obtained basic data analyzing the correlation between pattern identification instrument and biomarkers in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. If further studies are performed, we expect to be able to obtain clues to study the mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2008

The results of microstructure observations of the $Al_2O_3$ scale formed on a Fe-Cr-Al steel during high temperature oxidation in the $SO_2$ atmosphere are presented. Morphology of the scale has been studied by SEM and TEM techniques. Phase and chemical compositions have been studied by EDX and XRD techniques. The alumina oxide is a primary component of the scale. TEM observations showed that the scale was multilayer. The entire surface of the scale is covered with "whiskers", which look like very thin platelets and have random orientation. The cross section of a sample shows, that the "whiskers" are approximately $2{\mu}m$ high, however the compact scale layer on which they reside is $0.2{\mu}m$ thick. The scale layer was composed mainly of small equiaxial grains and a residual amount of small columnar grains. EDX analysis of the scale surface showed that the any sulfides were found in the formed outer and thin inner scale layer. A phase analysis of the scale formed revealed that it is composed mainly of the $\theta-Al_2O_3$ phase and a residual amount of $\alpha-Al_2O_3$.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.197-216
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• 2009

1. Objectives This study is to investigate the relationship between type A behavior pattern(TABP) and diabetes according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods 162 persons(81 IGM persons vs 81 normal persons) out of 666 persons, more than 40 years old, who participated the community based cohort in Wonju City of South Korea from July 2nd to August 30th in 2006, were randomly selected and analyzed. Framingham Type A score, Social Support index, glucose related laboratory results were measured and analyzed according to Sasang Constitution. 3. Results Soeumin in IGM group had significantly high scores in FTA scales compared with Soyangin and Taeeumin, bur in female IGM group and normal group there was no significant difference in FTA scales and TABP frequency by Sasang Constitution. There was no significant difference in social support index in IGM and normal group by Sasang Constitution. There was no significant difference in glucose-related values between TABP/TBBP in IGM group and normal group. Soyangin in female IGM group had significantly high values in insulin(fasting) and HOMA-IR in TABP group, Soeumin group had significantly high values in FBS in TABP group. According to binary logistic regression analysis for IGM, Sasang Constitution was a significant risk factor and the ORs of Taeeumin and Soyangin were significantly higher than that of Soeumin. Social Support index was significantly higher only in female group. 4. Conclusions Adequate questionnaire of TABP for our country or a research of another subjects are needed. And Sasang Constitution is thought to be the reasonable intervention to control diabetes in terms of prevention, treatment and regimen.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2016

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are natural water-soluble pigments, mainly found in vegetables and fruits. Anthocyanins have attractive pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of the anthocyanin-rich fraction (ANF) from purple sweet potato on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups (n=8 per group): normal fat diet (NF); high fat diet (HF); high fat diet with ANF 50mg/kg (ANF50). Normal fat or high fat diets were fed for a total of 17 weeks, and ANF was orally administrated for 8 weeks (from 10 to 17 weeks, five times/week). In our results, there were no significant differences in body weight, food intake, and tissue weight upon ANF supplementation. The levels of serum triacylglycerol, total-cholesterol, and glucose were also not affected by ANF supplementation. However, ANF supplementation significantly decreased serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels as well as prevented hepatic fat accumulation in high fat-fed mice. These results show that ANF may be beneficial for improving high fat-induced insulin resistance and protecting against development of hepatic steatosis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effect of Ecklonia cava on expressing of blood lipids and UCP-1 of brown adipose tissue(BAT) in zucker rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups: normal group, control group and sample group for 7 separate rats as expriment. Control and sample groups were genetrically modified obesity. All groups didn't impose restrictions on food and water. And we gave a ecklonia cava to sample group for 6 weeks. Ecklonia cava was examined in effects of blood glucose, insulin concentration and UCP-1 in brown adipose tissue. Results : 1. Control and sample groups were increased in weight. But, sample group was decreased as compared to control group. 2. Sample group was decreased significantly as compared to control group with insulin concentration, HOMA, TG, FFA. 3. Sample group was increased significantly as compared to control group with UCP-1 mRNA. Conclusions : Based on these results, it was proved that Ecklonia cava on obesity effects in decreasing blood lipids, increasing UCP-1 of brown adipose tissue.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of obesity on the physiological levels of adiponectin, leptin and components of metabolic syndrome (MS) in male workers, aged 30-40 years. Methods: Body mass index (BMI) was measured with Anthropometric equipment. Blood pressure and serum parameters were measured with an automatic digital sphygmomanometer and autochemical analyzer, respectively. Adiponectin and leptin were analysed by ELISA kits and MS was defined based on the NCEP-ATP III. Results: Body fat mass of waist and hip, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher, as expected, in the BMI>25kg/$m^2$ in comparison with the $BMI{\leq}25kg/m^2$. While fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin in the BMI>25kg/$m^2$ were also significantly higher compared with $BMI{\leq}25kg/m^2$, HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin were significantly higher in $BMI{\leq}25kg/m^2$. On multiple logistic regression analysis for the components of MS, exercise, adiponectin and leptin were an only independent factor for MS in non-obese male workers($BMI{\leq}25kg/m^2$) after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking and drinking habits. Conclusion: These results suggested that the obesity in men was associated with physiological levels of adiponectin and leptin contributing to feedback control of MS and that dysfunction and/or declination in feedback control system associated with changes in physiological levels of neurptrophics: adiponectin and leptin might ultimately induce MS.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

Early age at menarche, which is indicator of early biological maturity, has been shown to be associated with increased adult body mass index. Early menarche has also been associated with many cardiovascular disease risk factors and metabolic syndrome. To evaluate the impact of menarche to cardiovascular risk factor, we assessed by age at menarche, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), which represents arterial stiffness, in women with or without metabolic syndrome. The subjects recruited for this study were three hundred one women. Relatively early menarche and relatively late menarche were classified according to less than $50^{th}$ percentile for relatively early menarche, and great than the $50^{th}$ percentile for relatively late menarche. Subject were divided four group, 1) women who had not adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively early menarche, 2) women who had not adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively late menarche, 3) women who had adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively early menarche, 4) women who had adulthood metabolic syndrome and relatively late menarche. Women who had a relatively early menarche with adulthood metabolic syndrome had significantly high levels of blood pressure, triglyceride, fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels than women with late menarche with adulthood metabolic syndrome, and had significantly lower HDL-cholesterol levels. And also, women who underwent a relatively early menarche with metabolic syndrome had highest level of baPWV in adult. In this study we found effect of age at menarche on adulthood metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g., baPWV, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia) in Korean women.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.218-229
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• 2011

1. Objectives: This study is to investigate the relationship between Intima Media Thickness(IMT) of common carotid artery and Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods: 839 persons, over 40 years old, participated in community-based cohort of Korea Genome and Epiedemiology Study (KOGES) in Wonju City and Pyeongchang City of South Korea from June 2006 to February 2008. The diagnosis of Common carotid Intima Media Thickness was evaluated by B Mode ultrasonography, cardiovascular risk factors were checked using questionnaire and blood samples. Constitution was verified by a Sasang constitution specialist according to the results of PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution), facial photos and a simplified Sasang constitutional questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed with SPSS. 3. Results: There were significantly high values in waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, HOMA-IR and hsCRP in Taeeumin and low in HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin in Taeeumin. There were significantly high value in Common Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Taeeumin. Age was the significant cardiovascular risk factor irrespective of Sasang constitution in all participants. There was a positive correlation between smoking and Soyangin in all participants and men. There were positive correlations between LDL-cholesterol, BMI and Taeeumin in all participants and men. There were positive correlations between hsCRP and Soeumin in all participants and men. There was significantly high odds ratio of Taeeumin over Soeumin in common carotid Intima Media Thickness. 4. Conclusions: Regimens on cardiovascular diseases should be considered according to Sasang constitution. There are more sensitive risk factor in each constitution; smoking in Soyangin, LDL-cholesterol and BMI in Taeeumin, hsCRP in Soeumin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1419-1425
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• 2007

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the effect of combine exercise on C-reactive protein(CRP) and adiponectin, and to asses whether combine exercise-induced changes in insulin resistance could be explained in part by changes in these in these inflammation markers. Twenty two participants (BMI >95 percentile for age and sex) were allocated exercise group(n=12) and control group(n=10). Subjects had their body shape, body composition, glucose. insulin, HOMA-IR, CPR and adiponectin levels measured. Modest improvements in body composition, insulin resistance markers were observed, however, adiponectin and CRP did not changes. These data suggest that adiponectin and CRP is not a contributory factor to the exercise-relateted improvements in insulin resistance. Additional studies are needed to assess the effects of different duration, modes and intensities of exercise on inflammation markers.