• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2006

경기도 양평지역의 유사한 토양 위에 조성되어 있는 41년생 리기다소나무와 낙엽송 조림지를 대상으로 질소 및 인 시비가 표토층(0~20cm)의 질소무기화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 비닐주머니 매설법을 이용하여 질소무기화율을 측정하였으며, 시비수준은 대조구 (control), 저수준 시비구 [200 N kg/ha+25 P kg/ha(LNP)], 고수준 시비구 [400 N kg/ha+50 P kg/ha(HNP)] 등 세 처리 수준으로 하였다. 조사기간은 1996년 6윌 5일부터 1997년 6월 4일까지 1년간이었으며, 45일 간격으로 6회 배양을 실시하였다. 본 연구로부터 얻어진 결과들을 종합하면 다음과 같다. 배양초기 토양함수율은 리기다소나무 임분의 경우, 대조구가 32%, LNP 처리구가 28%, 그리고 HNP 처리구가 26%였으며, 낙엽송 임분의 경우 대조구가 31% LNP 처리구가 31% 그리고 HNP 처리구가 33%이었다. 조사기간동안의 평균 질소 무기화율은 두 수종 모두 배양시기간과 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 대조구에 비해 시비처리구에서 무기화율이 높았다. 토양시료 배양기간 동안의 연간 질소 무기화량과 질산화량은 수종간 그리고 처리간에 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 연간 질소 무기화량의 경우, 리기다소나무 임분은 대조구가 10.6 kg/ha/year, LNP 처리구가 23.3 kg/ha/year, 그리고 HNP 처리구가 6.6 kg/ha/year였으며, 낙엽송 임분은 대조구가 2.0 kg/ha/year, LNP 처리구가 12.1 kg/ha/year, 그리고 HNP 처리구가 16.7 kg/ha/year 이었다. 연간 질산화량의 경우, 리기다소나무 임분은 대조구가 2.8 kg/ha/year, LNP 처리구가 7.6 kg/ha/year, 그러고 HNP 처리구가 4.3 kg/ha/year 였으며, 낙엽송 임분은 대조구가 4.3 kg/ha/year, LNP 처리구가 14.8 kg/ha/year, 그리고 HNP 처리구가 6.6 kg/ha/year 이었다. 조사기간 동안의 질소무기화량 가운데 질산화량이 차지하는 비율은 리기다소나무의 경우, 대조구가 26%, LNP 처리구가 33%, HNP 처리구가 65%였으며, 낙엽송은 대조구와 LNP 처리구가 >100%, 그리고 HNP 처리구에서 40%를 나타내어 낙엽송 임분에서 질산화가 더 많이 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 산림생태계 내 유사한 환경하에서의 질소무기화 정도는 우점종이나 시비 등과 같은 산림시업에 의해서도 달라질 수 있다는 것을 암시하는 것이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-70
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• 2009

Objectives : Although CTTH is one of the most common symptom in primary headache, the mechanism and treatment is not definite. The purpose of this study is to research about clinical characteristic and roentgenographic finding of the cervical spine in CTTH to determine relationship between the cervical spine and headache. Methods : This study was carried out on 93 patients with CTTH. By roentgenographic finding, they were classified into four groups - HNP, Spondylosis, Sprain, Normal. Then the HNP group was divided again into two groups - singer type and multiple type. Results: 1. Among 93 patients with CTTH, 69(74.19%) patients had abnormal cervical spine by roentgenographic finding. 2. There were HNP, spondylosis, sprain in abnormal roentgenographic finding. And a great majority of the patients were diagnosed as cervical sprain. 3. There were no significant difference between four groups on sex, weight, height, blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate. But on ages, the HNP group showed the highest average while the sprain group showed the lowest. 4. The patients in HNP group had more frequent, severe pain, longer onset and higher onset-age than those of the other three group. 5. The patients in Multiple-type HNP group had severe pain, longer pain-duration, longer onset, more pre-symptoms and younger onset-age than those of the Single-type HNP group. Conclusions : A great majority of the patients with CTTH had abnormal cervical spines. Also, we found out that the worse the grade of HNP, heavier the level of headache.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to report the effect and safety of oriental medical treament in the pregnant woman diagnosed to herniated of nucleus pulposus(HNP) at L-spine. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with HNP at L-spine during Pregnancy. She was treated by herb medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion. Their symptoms was disappeared. Results: After treatment, most symptoms decreased, VAS score changed 10 to 2, ODI changed 41 to 20. Conclusions: The oriental medical treament(herb medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion) relieves HNP at L-spine during Pregnancy.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the disc block subluxation for lumbar scoliosis and herniation of nucleus pulpous (HNP). Methods: We used AP & Lateral view X-ray for patients. And we measured of disc wedge angle, vertebral body rotation to evaluate the typical and atypical disc block subluxation. Results: On the analysis of the lateral view X-ray, 4th lumbar intervertebral disc angle (I.V.D angle) showed $4^{\circ}$, $5^{\circ}$, $3^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$ in the cases. On the 4th lumbar analysis of the AP view X-ray, lumbar scoliosis showed right disc wedge angle was $11^{\circ}$ (case 1), $17^{\circ}$ (case 2) and left vertebral body rotation was 13mm, 6mm. Lumbar HNP showed left disc wedge angle was $5^{\circ}$ (case 3), $4^{\circ}$ (case 4) and left vertebral body rotation was 2mm, 4mm. Conclusions: Disc block subluxation has been in lumbar scoliosis, but not been in lumbar HNP.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.591-594
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• 2011

본 논문은 PMIPv6 도메인에 접속한 이동노드의 멀티인터페이스 환경에서 플로우 이동성을 지원하기 위해 HNP(Home Network Prefix) 변환 기법을 제안한다. 기본적으로 PMIPv6 프로토콜은 멀티인터페이스 환경에서 인터페이스 이동성을 제공한다. 하지만 이 기능은 멀티이터페이스 간의 플로우 기반 이동성을 제공하지 못한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 플로우 이동성을 제공하기 위해 IETF NetExt WG에서 논의되고 있는 논리인터페이스 기반 HNP 변환 기법을 제안한다. 이 기법은 효율적인 플로우 이동성을 제공하기 위한 방안이다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was performed to report the effect and safety of oriental medical treatment in the pregnant woman diagnosed to herniation of nuclues pulposus(HNP) at L5-S1 with central protrusion and left S1 nerve root. Methods : A 32-year old pregnant woman diagnosed HNP at L5-S1 at local hospital was admitted with low back pain and left leg rad pain. We treated her by acupuncture, a herbal medicine, cupping treatment and measured visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI) and Roland-Morris disability qustionnaire(RMDQ) from 5th March 2010 to 26th March 2010. Results : After treatment, most symptoms decreased, VAS score changed 10 to 2, ODI changed 388, RMDQ changed 13 to 6. Conclusions : In this study, oriental medical treatment was effective and safe in pregnant woman with HNP at L-spine. But the rigorous studies will be needed to define clearly that oriental medical treatment is effective and safe in pregnant women with HNP at L-spine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2004

1. 경막의 차단술 시행시 경막천자로 인해 두통, 이명, 항부강직감, 현운 등의 후유증이 발생할 수 있다. 2. 경막외 차단술 후유증의 증상들은 간신음허로 변증할 수 있다. 3. 경막외 차단술 후유증 동반한 유추간판탈출증 환자에게 음허변증에 기본하여 한방치료한 결과 후유증으로 인한 두통, 이명, 항부강직감 등이 소실되었고, 요통, 하지인통의 추간판탈출증상도 개선되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2003

We examined the effects of fertilization [control (C), 200 kg N ha^{-1} + 25 kg P ha^{-1}$ (LNP), and 400 kg N $ha^{-1} + 50 kg P ha^{-1}$ (HNP)] on fine root (＜ 2 mm diameter) dynamics using monthly soil coring method in a 39-year-old Pinus rigida plantation of central Korea. The average fine root biomass (live + dead) (kg $ha^{-1}$ $\pm$ SE) during the first growing season for C, LNP, and HNP was 1301 $\pm$ 54, 1084 $\pm$ 47, and 1328 $\pm$ 22, respectively. The fine root production (kg $ha^{-1}$ $\pm$ SE) was 2394 $\pm$ 128 for C, 2048 $\pm$ 101 for LNP, and 2768 $\pm$ 150 for HNP, respectively. Over the same period, fertilization treatments had impact on N and P concentrations of live fine root. Nitrogen and P inputs (kg $ha^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$) into the soil through fine root turnover for C, LNP, and HNP were 16.6 and 0.9, 17.2 and 0.9, and 24.1 and 1.6, respectively. There were no significant differences in fine root biomass and production during the first growing season after fertilization. However, fertilization increased fine root N and P concentrations, and in consequence resulted in increased N and P inputs into soil through fine root turnover.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to investigate the factors influencing on the quality of life (QOL) among herniation of nucleus pulposus (HNP) patients caused by occupational accidents. Method: 203 patients of HNP were recruited. 106 patients were occupationally injured workers who benefited from workmen's compensation scheme (PWCS group), and 43 patients were non-occupationally injured workers benefiting from national health insurance (PNHI group). Questions of QOL items were used by Korean version of SBQOL (SmithKlein Beecham's Qality of Life). Result: The quality of life of PWCS group measured by SBQOL was significantly lower than that of PNHI group. In PWCS group, SBQOL was significantly lower in patients with 40s of their age, 5 years or longer of treatment duration, no expectation of return to work, no expectation of recovering subject's health, and with loss of employment than rest of the patients in each category. Expectations of recovering subject's health showed to be affect factors on QOL both the PWCS and PNHI groups. Conclusion: It suggested that betterment of expectation of recovering patient's health and an administrative system for returning to work of the occupationally injured HNP patients during treatment be necessary for improvement of their quality of life.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2019

Gadolinium contrast agents (CAs) are integral components of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, safety concerns have arisen regarding the use of gadolinium CAs, due to their association with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Furthermore, recently the long-term retention of $Gd^{3+}-based$ CAs in brains patients with normal renal function raised another possible safety issue. The safety concerns of $Gd^{3+}-based$ CAs have been based on the ligand structure of $Gd^{3+}-based$ CAs, and findings that $Gd^{3+}-based$ CAs with linear ligand structures showed much higher incidences of NSF and brain retention of CAs than $Gd^{3+}-based$ CAs with macrocyclic ligand structure. In the current study, we report the in vivo biodistribution profile of a new highly stable multifunctional $Gd^{3+}-based$ CA, with macrocyclic ligand structure (HNP-2006). MR imaging using HNP-2006 demonstrated a significant contrast enhancement in many different organs. Furthermore, the contrast enhanced tumor imaging using HNP-2006 confirmed that this new macrocyclic CA can be used for detecting tumor in the central nervous system. Therefore, this new multifunctional HNP-2006 with macrocyclic ligand structure shows great promise for whole-body clinical application.