• 생명과학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1513-1520
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• 2008

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)는 세포내 레독스의 균형을 깨뜨려 혈관 기능 손상을 일으킨다. 본 연구자들은 HNE의 축적이 야기하는 혈관 기능 손상기전을 더 잘 이해하기 위하여 혈관 내피 세포의 미토콘드리아 세포사 메커니즘을 규명하였다. HNE를 처리한 세포에서는 미토콘드리아 막전위 소실과 그에 따른 cytochrome C의 방출이 유도되었으며, Bax의 증가 및 Bcl-2의 감소가 관찰되었다. ROS 제거제인 NAC와 peroxynitrite 제거제인 페니실라민은 HNE가 유도하는 ROS 생성을 차단하여 cytochrome C 방출과 세포사를 억제하였다. 세포에 HNE와 zVAD-fmk (caspase 저해제)를 같이 처리하면 HNE가 유도하는 세포사를 억제하지 못하는데 이는 HNE에 의한 세포사가 caspase에 비의존적 단계일 가능성을 시사하였다. 위의 결과들은 HNE가 유도하는 혈관 내피 세포의 세포사 매커니즘은 미토콘드리아 막전위의 탈분극에 의해 촉발되며 이는 혈관계 항상성의 악화와 노화에 의해 수반되는 혈관기능 손상을 유도할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.961-968
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• 2011

지질과산화로부터 생성된 aldehyde 중 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)는 산화적 손상과 관련된 다량의 arachidonic acids, linoleic acids 등으로부터 생성될 수 있다. 그러므로 HNE는 산화적 스트레스와 관련된 세포사에서 중요한 매개인자로 작용을 할 수가 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 HNE가 세포사를 유발할 것이라 가정하고, 먼저 흰쥐 전립선 유래 내피세포인 YPEN-1 세포에서 세포독성을 측정하였다. 세포생장 저해능력은 HNE를 $5\sim15\;{\mu}M$ 농도로 처리하여 형태적 변화와 MTT assay를 통하여 결과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 HNE가 이 세포에서 핵형의 변화와 세포사를 유발시키는 것을 각각의 실험을 통해 확인이 되었다. 또한 이 사실을 단백질의 변화를 통하여 확인을 할 수가 있었다. HNE를 24시간 처리한 세포에서 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 단백질 분절이 매개되었고 Bax의 발현량이 증가하였다. 또한 세포내의 활성 산소종들을 발생시켰다. 이에 생성된 활성 산소종과 peroxynitrite가 세포사와 관련이 있는가를 밝히기 위하여 이들의 포식자들인 N-acetylcysteine과 penicillamine을 본 연구에서 사용하였다. 이들 포식자들에 의해 HNE에 의해 유도되는 세포사가 억제가 되었기에 산화적 활성화가 HNE에 의해 유도된 세포사와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 HNE가 내피세포에서 ROS와 peroxynitrite 생성을 통하여 세포사를 일으킨다는 사실을 뒷받침해 준다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2009

Although anti-atherogenic effects of cilostazol have been suggested, its effects on the expression of SR in macrophages are unclear. This study investigated the role of cilostazol on CD36 expression of murine macrophages enhanced by HNE, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. The stimulation of macrophages with HNE led to an increased expression of CD36, which was significantly attenuated by NAC, an antioxidant. Moreover, the increased production of ROS by HNE was completely abolished by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, DPI and apocynin, as well as by the 5-LO inhibitor, MK886, but not by inhibitors for other oxidases. This suggested that NADPH-oxidase and 5-LO were major sources of ROS induced by HNE. In addition, HNE-enhanced expression of CD36 was reduced by these inhibitors, which indicated a role for NADPH oxidase and 5-LO on CD36 expression. In our present study, cilostazol was a significant inhibitor of ROS production, as well as CD36 expression induced by HNE. An increase in NADPH oxidase activity by HNE was significantly attenuated by cilostazol, however cilostazol had no effect on HNE-enhanced 5-LO activity. Together, these results suggest that cilostazol attenuates HNE-enhanced CD36 expression on murine macrophages thorough inhibition of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10151-10156
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• 2015

4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a stable end product of lipid peroxidation, which has been shown to play an important role in cell signal transduction, while increasing cell growth and differentiation. 4-HNE could inhibit phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) activity in hepatocytes and increased levels have been found in human invasive breast cancer. Here we report that 4-HNE increased the cell growth of breast cancer cells as revealed by colony formation assay. Moreover, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression was elevated, while protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) were up-regulated. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a major mitochondria NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is reported to destabilize HIF-$1{\alpha}$. Here, 4-HNE could inhibit the deacetylase activity of SIRT3 by thiol-specific modification. We further demonstrated that the regulation by 4-HNE of levels of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF depends on SIRT3. Consistent with this, 4-HNE could not increase the cell growth in SIRT3 knockdown breast cancer cells. Additionally, 4-HNE promoted angiogenesis and invasion of breast cancer cells in a SIRT3-dependent manner. In conclusion, we propose that 4-HNE promotes growth, invasion and angiogenesis of breast cancer cells through the SIRT3-HIF-$1{\alpha}$-VEGF axis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2016

혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사는 죽상경화증을 비롯한 여러 혈관질환에서 일어나며, 죽상판의 불안정화에 중요한 역할을 한다. Oxysterol은 혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사를 야기하는데, 죽상경화 병변에는 비효소적으로 생성되는 주된 oxysterol인 7-ketocholesterol (7KC)이 대량 존재한다고 알려져 있다. 그러나 7KC에 의한 혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사에 관하여 밝혀진 자세한 기전은 아직 미흡하다. 본 연구는 7KC가 혈관평활근세포의 세포자멸사를 일으키는 기전을 구명하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 숫쥐의 대동맥 절편으로부터 배양한 혈관평활근세포에 7KC를 처리하여 혈관평활근세포의 생존력의 변동과 세포자멸사를 각각 methylthiazole tetrazolium bromide 분석법 및 trypan blue 분석법 그리고 유세포 분석법, 면역 형광 측정법, 면역침전법 및 웨스턴블럿 등으로 측정하였다. 7KC는 혈관평활근세포의 생존력을 시간- 및 농도-의존적으로 감소시켰고, 혈관평활근세포내에 지질과산화 최종산물인 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) 생성을 증가시켰으며, HNE 단독 처리 또한 혈관평활근세포의 생존력을 농도-의존적으로 감소시켰다. 7KC 또는 HNE에 의하여 감소되었던 혈관평활근세포의 생존력은 HNE 생성 억제제인 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine 전처치에 의하여 회복되었다. 더욱이 세포생존 매개인자로 잘 알려져 있는 Akt의 발현이 7KC와 HNE에 의하여 농도-의존적으로 감소되었고, 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine 또는 N-acetylcysteine 전처치에 의하여 회복되었다. 단백질분해효소복합체 억제제인 lactacystin은 7KC에 의한 세포자멸사와 Akt 감소는 억제하였지만 7KC에 의한 HNE 생성은 억제하지 못하였다. HNE에 결합된 Akt의 양은 7KC와 HNE에 의하여 현저히 증가하였으며 단백질분해효소복합체 억제제인 lactacystin 전처치 시에도 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 죽상경화 병변에서 7KC는 혈관평활근세포내 HNE 생성을 증가시키고, 이 HNE에 결합된 Akt는 단백질분해효소복합체에 의하여 분해되는 것으로 보이며, 이와 같은 기전에 의하여 죽상판의 불안정화가 촉진되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.229.2-230
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• 2003

Among the aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) that can be produced from arachidonic acids. linoleic acids, or their hydroperoxides in relatively large amounts in response to oxidative insult. Therefore, HNE might be an important mediator of Oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. To study the hypothesis that HNE may induce apoptosis, we estimated cytotoxicity of HNE on YPEN-1 rat prostatic endothelial cells. (omitted)

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.244.2-245
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• 2002

4-Hydroxy nonenal (HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized $\omega$-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid. HNE is widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation. To study the hypothesis that HNE may induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, we estimated cytotoxicity of HNE in BAE (bovine aortic endothelial) cells. Anti-proliferative effects were examined by morphological changes and MTT assay after exposure to different time (0-3 hr) and concentration (3-7 ${\mu}$M of HNE. (omitted)

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium (CP) on 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-induced inflammation in PC12 cells. Methods: 4-HNE was treated in PC12 cell to cause inflammatory response, and then treated with CP water extract at 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$. The phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the expression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ in PC12 cells were determined by Western blot, respectively. Results: The phosphorylation of JNK was significantly decreased in 4-HNE-stimulated PC12 cell by the treatment of CP extract at $25{\mu}g/ml$. The 4-HNE-induced expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65 in nuclear of the cells was significantly decreased in PC12 cell by treatment with CP extract at 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions: These results suggest that CP water extract has an anti-inflammatory activity through suppressing the JNK and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.143.1-143.1
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• 2003

Peroxynitrite and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are highly reactive molecules which are generated under oxidative stress condition and during aging. Many proteins in living organism are modified by them and consequently associated with various diseases including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesize that peroxynitrite and 4-HNE modified serum proteins are also associated with aging process. To establish information on peroxynitrite and 4-HNE adducted proteins for aging study, we used proteins methods, 2D-PAGE and MALD-TOF MS, to identify modified proteins from young (70month) and old (25-month) rat serum. (omitted)

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of Gardeniae Fructus on 4-HNE-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cell. Methods : A MTT assay was conducted to observe the cytotoxicity of Gardeniae Fructus on the PC-12 cell viability and the cytoprotective effects of Gardeniae Fructus on PC-12 cell against oxidative stress caused by 4-HNE. And western blot was conducted to observe the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, $TNF-{\alpha}$ proteins which are involved in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Results : 25, 50, 100, 200 and $400{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Gardeniae Fructus water extract had no cytotoxicity on PC-12 cell. $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Gardeniae Fructus water extract had significant cytoprotective effect on PC-12 cell against oxidative stress caused by 4-HNE. The expression of Bax protein in 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Gardeniae Fructus was significantly decreased in PC-12 cell. The expression of Bcl-2 protein in $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Gardeniae Fructus was significantly increased in PC-12 cell. The expression of Caspase-3 protein in 100 and $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Gardeniae Fructus was significantly decreased in PC-12 cell. The expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$ protein in $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of Gardeniae Fructus was significantly decreased in PC-12 cell. Conclusions : These results suggest that Gardeniae Fructus water extract is effective to protect PC-12 cell from 4-HNE induced apoptosis.