• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how herb extracts may improve blood circulation. Twenty-six extracts from nine different herbs (marjoram, lavender, dill, rosemary, hyssop, rose, lemon balm, pineapple sage, and echinacea) were evaluated for their anti-hypertensive effects via angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Their cholesterol-lowering effects via hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition and their fibrinolytic activity via fibrin-plate method were also evaluated. Both water extraction of rose flowers and 70% EtOH extraction of pineapple sage leaves effectively reduced the ACE activity with inhibition rates of 133.8% and 91.2%, respectively. Similarly, both water and 70% EtOH extracts of rose flowers strongly inhibited the enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase by 48.9% and 80.5%, respectively. Water and 70% EtOH extracts of rose flowers also showed relatively high fibrinolytic activity. Based on these observations, rose flower extracts can be developed as a functional tool for use in the improvement of blood circulation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary garlic powder (GP) on growth performance and mRNA expression of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) in broiler chickens. Day-old male chicks (Ross, n=270) were fed diets containing 0% [positive control (PC) with antibiotics or negative control (NC) without antibiotics], 1%, 3% and 5% GP for 6 wks. There were no significant differences in feed intake among the treatments throughout the experimental period. Body weight gains in groups fed dietary GP at 3% and 5% were significantly higher than that of NC group (P<0.05). Feeding GP up to 5% did not exert any adverse effect on weight gain and feed intake. There were no significant differences in the relative weights of liver, spleen, cecum and breast muscle. The content of meat cholesterol in GP containing dietary groups tended to be reduced as compared to NC group. Average infectious bronchitis antibody titers in chicks fed GP containing diets were significantly higher than that of NC group (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase was reduced by dietary GP. These results indicate that dietary GP has growth promoting effects and tended to alter cholesterol metabolism in broiler chickens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1190-1196
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary xylooligosaccharides on HMG-CoA reductase activity and lipid composition of liver in rat fed high cholesterol diet. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 100 $\pm$ 10 g were randomly divided into groups of one normal diet, and four high cholesterol diet containing 1% cholesterol. The high cholesterol (1%) diet groups were classified into xylooligosaccharides free diet (C group), 5% xylooligosaccharides diet (C5XO group), 10% xylooligosaccharides diet (C10XO group), and 15% xylooligosaccharides diet (C15XO grcup) according to the levels of dietary xylooligosaccharides supplementation. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum for 4 weeks. The hepatic lipid contents, cholesterol and triglycerides in xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups were significantly lower than those of C group. An antithrombGsis index, a ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids of liver was significantly increased in 10% xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups compared to that of C group. The activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase, a rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, in xylooligosaccharides supplemented groups was more significantly increased than in C group. These results suggest that dietary xylooligosaccharide may be act as potential substitute for a dietary fiber to improve lipids metabolism in rat fed high cholesterol diet.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

Extracts from 63 kinds of Pholiota sp. fruiting bodies were prepared using water and methanol, and then their physiological functionalities were investigated. The methanol extracts from Pholiota adiposa PAD030 showed high fibrinolytic activity and those of P. adiposa ASI PAD-022 showed potential inhibitory activity of 76.8% against ${\beta}-hydroxy-{\beta}-methylglutaryl(HMG)-CoA$ reductase. The highest antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were found in the water extracts of Pholiota sp. PSP-015 (72.7%) and methanol extracts of P. nameko PNA-024 (69.5%), respectively. However, superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity and elastase inhibitory activity were low in almost of the extracts. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor from the fruiting body of P. adiposa PAD-022 which showed the highest functionality was extracted maximally when powder of the fruiting body was shaked at $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 h by methanol and its HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was 80.2%.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.702-708
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• 2005

Cholesterol-lowering effect of pine nut on mice was investigated by examining changes in body weight, feed intake, and triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density liporotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) contents in mice plasma. Changes in body weight and feed intake between pre-designed experimental animal groups fed various contents of cholesterol and pine nut and control group fed basal diet were not significantly different. Food efficiency ratio of experimental groups fed higher than 10% pine nut was significantly higher than that of control group. Apparent differences in atherogenic index representing cholesterol-lowering effect in plasma were not found among all groups fed 0-20% pine nut. Inhibition activities of water and hexane extracts of pine nut on HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol esterase were examined in vitro. Hexane extract showed 66% inhibition effect on HMG-CoA reductase, whereas none was observed with water extract.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2006

This research was performed to determine the production of lovastatin and its HMG-CoA reductase activity produced by fruit bodies and mycelial liquid cultures of domestic edible mushrooms (8 fungal strains). By deter-mining TLC analysis for the confirmation of the presence of lovastatin, all the extracts from fruit bodies and mycelial liquid culture showed same Rf value (0.46), whick was identical to that of the standard lovastatin. In order to extract lovastatin from fruit body, the mixture of water/acetonitrile/methanol was chosen as the most effective solvent. Extracts from fruit body and mycelial liquid culture of pleurotus ostreatus produced the high-est lovastatin 0.98 mg/g based on dry biomass, and 21.90 mg/L, respectively. In the inhibition rate of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the highest was obtained in P. ostreatus as 67.8% among fruit bodies, and the rates of mycelial liquid culture extracts from P. ostreatus and Laetiporus sulphureus were 37.2% and 29.1%, respectively. Unusually L. sulphureus showed high inhibition rate with low content of lovastatin due to the contribution of campesterol and gamma-sitosterol with hypocholesterolemic activity as metabolites.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.193-196
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• 1987

Protein methylation occurs ubiquitously in nature and involves N-methylation of lysine, arginine, histidine, alanine, proline and glutamine, O-methylesterfication o dicarboxylic acids, and S-methylation of cysteine and methionine. In nature, methylated amino acids accur in highly specialized proteins such as histones, flagella proteins, myosin, actin, ribosomal proteins. hn RNA-bound protein, HMG-1 and HMG-2 protein, opsin, EF-Tu, EF-$1\alpha$, porcine heart citrate synthase, calmodulin, ferredoxin, $1\alpha$-amylase, heat shock protein, scleroderma antigen, nucleolar protein C23 and IF-3l.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 1994

New hypolipaemic agents, in which benzotriazole moiety is connected to tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one by a two-carbon bridge, were designed and synthesized to show sinificant cholesterol-lowering effect comparable to mevinolin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.609-617
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study aims to provide effects of therapeutic techniques as well as basic materials of safety by comparing and analyzing the effects of hamstring flexibility and dynamic stability of lower lumbar according to Stretching and Massage Techniques to adults with reduced the flexibility of hamstring. METHODS: This study conducted differential diagnosis through sit and reach test(SRT) and Schober test to select subjects who have shortened hamstring without any spinal problem. Selected subjects were divided into two groups randomly; HSG(Hamstring Stretching Group, n=8) and HMG(Hamstring Massage Group, n=8) and they received treatment for 2 weeks. To take statistics, SRT and dynamic view using x-ray were used. RESULTS: On SRT, HSG and HMG showed significant difference between pre and post test. A comparison of the difference value between HSG and HMG, HSG($9.73{\pm}1.78$) has more remarkable outcome than HMG($2.78{\pm}0.56$). Lower lumbar intervertebral disc length test for Intervertebral disc length(IDL)L45 and IDLL5S1 did not show significant differences between two groups and difference value. CONCLUSION: This study showed that stretching is more effective to improve hamstring flexibility than massage technique. Especially, flexibility increase of the hamstring in vertebral stabilization cannot affect improvement possibility will make a flexibility in order and the intervention and stabilization exercise of the spine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.409-415
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• 2013

We attempted to determine the action target of Shiitake mushroom extract with a known anti-hyperlipidemic effect in poloxamer(P) 407-induced hyperlipidemia model. We investigated the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of the water extract from Shiitake mushroom on the progress of high fat diet for 4 weeks. Experimental rats were divided into 5 different experimental groups including an normal group (normal diet; n=10), control group (hyperlipidemia; n=10), Experimental group I (hyperlipidemic rats treated with Shiitake mushroom extract (100 mg/kg, PO), n=10), Experimental group II (hyperlipidemic rats treated with Shiitake mushroom extract (300 mg/kg, PO), n=10), and Experimental group III (hyperlipidemic rats treated with Shiitake mushroom extract (500 mg/kg, PO), n=10). It is to analysis changes in body weight, visceral fat weight, blood lipid profiles, HMG-CoA reductase and histological findings. Body weight and epididymal fat weight was not significantly change in experimental groups (p>0.05). The level of total cholesterol, TG, arthrogenic index, and HMG-CoA reductase were significantly lower in experimental groups than control group (p<0.05). These results suggested that the Shiitake mushroom extract administration may act by inhibitory the release of cholesterol related factors and HMG-CoA from the hepatocyte without liver and kidney cell damage in hyperlipidemia rats.