• 대한바이러스학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.259-267
• /
• 1996

In order to evaluate the effect of viral load on the prognosis of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals, immune complex dissociated (ICD) serum p24 antigen (p24) by acid treatment was retrospectively measured for 50 HIV-infected patients for 60 months. Among them, 27 patients were p24 positive (p24+) above 25pg/ml for $40.4{\pm}12$ months and 23 patients were negative (p24-). Follow-up periods from HIV diagnosis were $63.0{\pm}19$ months (range; 40-112) for the p24+ and $68.4{\pm}19$ months (range; 38-106) for the p24-, respectively (P>0.05)Mean CD4+T cell counts in the p24+ group decreased from $473{\pm}$277/ul (median;373) to $157{\pm}150/ul$ (median; 111) for $60{\pm}16$ months (5.3/month P280/ul (median; 476) to $432{\pm}285/ul$ (median;382) for $63{\pm}19$ months (2.5/month, P<0.01). From CD4+T cell count >200/ul, the patient who progressed to AIDS of <200/ul were 13 of 23 (56%) in the p24+ and 4 of 22 (18%) in p24-, respectively (p<0.01). And the number of death in two groups were 6 (22%) and 1 (4%), respectively (p<0.01). Presumed survival in two groups were about 12 and 24.5 years. These data suggest that viral load itself be very important for the prognosis of HIV-infected patients.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.346-353
• /
• 2009

이식을 위해 사용하는 사람 양막은 기증자로부터 수혜자에게 바이러스, 세균, 진균과 같은 감염성 위해인자를 전파할 위험이 있다. 따라서 적절한 소독 및 멸균 공정을 통해 이식용 양막 내재 또는 혼입 가능한 감염성 위해인자를 완벽하게 불활화하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 인체조직은행에서 사용하고 있는 소독 공정과 멸균 공정의 바이러스 및 세균, 진균 불활화 효과를 검증하기 위해 국제적 가이드에 따라 5종의 바이러스[human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), bovine herpes virus (BHV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), porcine parvovirus (PPV)]와 2종의 세균(Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis), 1종의 진균(Candida albicans)을 생물학적 지표로 사용하였다. 양막에 각 생물학적 지표를 첨가한 후 70% 에탄올 소독 공정, 감마선 조사 공정, 산화에틸렌 가스 멸균 공정을 실시한 다음 각 바이러스, 세균, 진균을 회수하여 정량한 후 불활화 정도를 비교하였다. 70% 에탄올 처리 공정에서 HIV-1, BHV, BVDV 같은 외피 바이러스는 처리 시간 2.5분 안에 불활화되었지만, HAV와 PPV 같은 비-외피 바이러스는 에탄올에 매우 큰 저항성을 나타내었다. 감마선 2.5 kGy 조사에 의해 HIV-1, BHV, BVDV는 검출한계 이하로 완벽하게 불활화되었다. HAV와 PPV는 각각 5 kGy와 25 kGy 조사에 의해 검출한계 이하로 불활화되었다. 산화에틸렌 가스 처리에 의해 본 연구에 사용한 모든 바이러스가 검출한계 이하로 불활화되었다. 70% 에탄올 처리 공정에서 E. coli와 C. albicans는 모두 5분 안에 완벽하게 사멸하였다. 하지만 B. subtilis는 큰 저항성을 나타내었다. 감마선 조사 공정과 산화에틸렌 가스 멸균 공정에서 E. coli, B. subtilis, C. albicans 모두 완벽하게 불활화되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.337-347
• /
• 2014

세계보건협회에서 인간후천성면역결핍환자 (human immunodeficiency virus; HIV)의 삶의 질을 측정하기 위해 개발한 WHOQOL-HIV BREF (World Health Organization's quality of life - human immunodeficiency virus, brief scale)를 한국판으로 번역 개발하였다. 설문 문항은 전반적 삶의 질과 건강상태를 묻는 두 문항과 6개의 도메인을 포함한 29문항을 합하여 총 31문항으로 구성되어 있다. 자료수집은 국내 14개 병원에 내원한 220명의 인간면역결핍바이러스 양성환자를 대상으로 전문조사원이 무기명 자가 기입식으로 조사하였다. 대상자 중 남성이 202명 (91.8%), 평균 나이는 40.6세, 평균 CD4+ T 세포수는 1ml당 414.9개였다. 삶의 질은 평균 53.2점이었고 도구의 크론바흐 ${\alpha}$ 신뢰계수는 0.942였다. 동일 도구로 측정한 포르투칼의 경우 54.8점으로 유사하였으며 전반적인 삶의 질과 건강상태와의 상관관계는 각각 0.747 (p <0.01)과 0.651 (p <0.01)이었다. 한국판 도구의 내적신뢰도와 구성타당도도 만족스러웠다. 후천성면역결핍증후군과 인간면역결핍바이러스 환자의 지속적인 관찰은 필요하며 이러한 도구의 개발은 이들의 삶 삶의 질 향상에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 다른 나라 환자들과의 비교를 가능하게 해 줄 것이다.

• 레드리본
• /
• 통권48호
• /
• pp.36-37
• /
• 2002

올해 들어 우리나라 HIV감염자가 2/4분기 100명이 증가하여 지난 6월 말까지 176명이 확인됐다. 이에 따라 우리나라 인면역결핍바이러스(HIV)감염자 수는 1985년 처음으로 감염자가 발생한 이래 모두 1,787명으로 늘어났다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제52권1호
• /
• pp.36-46
• /
• 2008

가진 1차 arylselenocarboxylic amide의 고리화는 여러가지 새로운 2,4-diaryl-1,3-selenazoles에 사용되었다. 염소, 브롬, 요오드를 사용한 2,4-diaryl-1,3-selenazoles의 할로겐화는 좋은 수율의 새로운 1,1-dihalo-2,4-diaryl-1,3-selenazoles를 준다. AIDS virus(HIV-1 and HIV-2)에 대하여 몇몇의 1,1-dihalo-2,4-diaryl-1,3-selenazoles의 항바이러스 활성도를 검사하였다. 그것들은 HIV-1에 대한 약간의 대생물활성을 보였다. 모든 화합물은 원소분석, 1H NMR 그리고 질량 분광분석 정보로 구조분석 하였다. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-1,3-selenazole의 결정구조도 보였다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1998

Synthetic genes encoding the gag p24 and the part of the envelope protein gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) were cloned and overexpressed as fusion proteins in Escherichia coli, using an expression vector carrying T7 promoter and the poly-histidine leader, sequence. The overexpressed p24 fusion protein was purified by centrifugation, Ni-affinity chromatography and CM-sepharose chromatography. The overexpressed gp41 fusion protein was purified by centrifugation, $C_4$ chromatography and DEAE-sepharose chromatography. The purified fusion proteins showed a high level of purity and immunoreactivity in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. These results suggest that this prokaryotic - expression purification method is suitable for obtaining a large amount of the viral antigen which may be useful for screening of antibodies to HIV-1 in human blood samples.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1991

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes a deadly infectious disease, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (ADIS). As a first step to develop a reliable and fast diagnostic procedure for HIV-1 infection, we cloned various immunodominant epitopes of HIV-1 in bacterial expression vectors containing tac or trp promoter. While the protein level of direct expression of gp160 was low, trp E fused gp120, gp41 and p17-p24 were produced at high levels (15-30% of total bacterial proteins) in E. coli. Since gp120 and gp41 contain relatively conserved regions which can react with antibodies in the plasma from most of HIV-1 infected individuals, these expression clones were used for large preparations of HIV-1 antigens.

• 대한바이러스학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.83-99
• /
• 2000

A defective HIV-1 helper virus DNA, pHyPC, was assembled by deleting the RNA packaging signal, env, nef and the 3'LTR sequences. HIV-1 like virus particles that carry the HIV-1 receptor, CD4 were generated by co expression of pHyPC and plasmid DNAs encoding different chimeric CD4 proteins. The CD4 particles, sharing the CD4 ectodomain, precisely fused to different membrane anchors. CD4(+) particles specifically bound to HIV-1 Env expressing cells, but any signs of infection into these cells were not detected. Binding was only partially blocked by either polyclonal anti-CD4 antibodies or by high concentrations of soluble CD4. Surprisingly, CD4(+) particles also adsorbed to HeLa, CHO, NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells in the absence of HIV-1 Env expression. Adsorption was comparable in strength and speed to the highly specific CD4-Env interaction. CD4(-) particles exhibited only background levels of binding. Cell binding was CD4. dependent, but it was independent of the cell type from which the CD4(+) particles originated. Interestingly, CD4-dependent/Env-independent binding was only found when CD4 was present on virus particles. This suggests that the micro-environment of CD4 on virus particles uniquely expose this new cell binding activity. Its high affinity could explain in part why infection of Env(+) cells by CD4(+) particles was not detected. Further experiments will be required to evaluate whether this strong membrane interaction could represent one step in the multiple-step viral entry process.

• 대한바이러스학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.183-193
• /
• 1999

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein is synthesized as a 160 KDa precursor, gp160, that is cleaved by a cellular protease to form the gp120 and gp41 subunits. Mammalian expression vectors were designed that are capable of efficient expression of various mutant envelope glycoproteins derived from a molecular clone of HIV-1. To construct these vectors, one type of mutation was made at the gp120-gp41 cleavage site by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. And another mutation was made to change amino acids in the membrane spanning region of HIV-1 gp41 important for membrane anchorage. Next, these two mutations were combined to generate a vector to have double mutations in cleavage site and membrane-spanning region. These mutants were transiently expressed in mammalian cells. The effect of these mutations on envelope glycoprotein synthesis, proteolytic processing and secretion was determined. In addition, cell surface expression and ability of the glycoprotein to induce syncytium formation were examined. This study provides a mammalian expression system that is capable of efficient expression and secretion of soluble gp160.

• The Korean Journal of Medicine
• /
• 제99권1호
• /
• pp.32-36
• /
• 2024

Early diagnosis and early treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are essential for clinical and public health benefits. Diagnostic algorithms for early diagnosis are being emphasized, and rapid tests at the point of care have been expanded to improve voluntary testing rates. Despite advances in laboratory diagnostic tests, early HIV infection can still be missed due to window periods, and it is crucial to recognize the limitations of testing methods and the potential for false negative and false positive results.