• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.347-369
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• 2013

Quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS is significant as it concerns the treatment process, survival rate, HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment as well. Prevalent prejudice in our society significantly lowers the quality of patient's life. There is a need for an intervention and the effort to eliminate the stigma in order to lessen the negative effects as well. However, there are very few researches that examine the quality of life when it comes to people living with HIV/AIDS; even less when it comes to research that examines the stigma that affects the quality of life negatively. Therefore, this research seeks to verify the moderating effects of social support that seek to eliminate the stigma upon the quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS. Research had been conducted with 102 people living with HIV/AIDS and the balancing effect of the social effort was verified through hierarchical regression analysis and a simple slope test. As the result of the research, control variables such as educational level and whether the patient has a job or not have significant effect and the stigma that the patient is aware of has significant negative effect. Social support had positive effect in quality of life and that it has a moderating effect on stigma which in turn affects the quality of life. Based on these results, social work related implications that were suggested are as follows; need for information and education as to better the quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS and eliminate the social stigma and that group support program based on the local community which is needed for social support. Further research was advised based on the limitations of this research.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.238-247
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• 2023

Objectives: Low adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnant women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of virus transmission from mother to newborn. Increasing mothers' knowledge and motivation to access treatment has been identified as a critical factor in prevention. Therefore, this research aimed to explore barriers and enablers in accessing HIV care and treatment services. Methods: This research was the first phase of a mixed-method analysis conducted in Kupang, a remote city in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 17 people interviewed, consisting of 6 mothers with HIV, 5 peer facilitators, and 6 health workers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and document review. Inductive thematic analysis was also performed. The existing data were grouped into several themes, then relationships and linkages were drawn from each group of informants. Results: Barriers to accessing care and treatment were lack of knowledge about the benefits of ARV; stigma from within and the surrounding environment; difficulty in accessing services due to distance, time, and cost; completeness of administration; drugs' side effects; and the quality of health workers and HIV services. Conclusions: There was a need for a structured and integrated model of peer support to improve ARV uptake and treatment in pregnant women with HIV. This research identified needs including mini-counseling sessions designed to address psychosocial barriers as an integrated approach to support antenatal care that can effectively assist HIV-positive pregnant women in improving treatment adherence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.201-211
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• 1997

This study was an evaluation study of AIDS education program. The purpose of this study was to clarify the education effects on AIDS for health care workers to develop a better next education program. This study was done by self reporting with a 67 items of structured questionnaire by 431 health care workers included doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and health educators. Data were collected at the time of completion of each AIDS education with the help of education program manager. Both the AIDS related knowledge score and the acceptance attitudes score were significantly higher in the male group, in the medical institution employer group, in the group who have met the HIV infected person, who has known the HIV positive person, and the group of laboratory technician, but the AIDS prevention intention score was statistically higher in the group of female and laboratory technician group. The post education scores of AIDS related knowledge. acceptance attitudes, and preventive intention were statistically higher than those of the preeducation. The most increased item among AIDS prevention intention list was 'I will provide the meeting between the HIV infected persons and the public (+21.9%)'. But even the decreased item among AIDS prevention intention list was 'I will advice to female not to have extra marital sexual contact to avoid AIDS(-3.1%)'. It could be concluded that the health care workers were ignorant of vertical transmission of AIDS, they were afraid of disclosing the infection status, and have less AIDS prevention intention. Therefore it is needed to take an assessment process before each new education trategy to increase AIDS related the effect of the education on AIDS.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.281-299
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• 2003

Even though the rate of infection of HIV is very low compared to other countries, data show a steady rise in HIV infection rates among young people in South Korea. A peer education program was provided to prevent the incidence of AIDS in young people. The program used peer leaders to provide AIDS related information and counseling for middle school students. Peer leaders received special training in AIDS related education and counseling to assist their friends. Peer leaders worked with their mends in one-to-one or small group settings. A pretest-posttest control design (six months after intervention) was used to evaluate the effects of the peer education program for prevention of AIDS. A post-intervention survey found that do you mean six months after the program or after six months of programs of peer program activities, the experimental groups(groups with peer educators) showed better knowledge, more positive attitudes, and less sexual activity when compared to control groups of non-participants(groups without peer educators). Peer leaders showed significant gains in knowledge about HIV transmission, more positive attitudes and self-efficacy not to engage in high-risk behaviors. Peer education was an effective tool for increasing knowledge, improving attitudes and self-efficacy, and encouraging appropriate behavior change.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.447-461
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• 2003

Over the past 10 years, AIDS has grown to become one of the major health problems in Korea. This paper reviews the current status of the prevalence of AIDS, AIDS law and policy in Korea. This paper also suggests some proposals for policy to reduce HIV transmission from the view point of personal rights and welfare. Korea needs more effective national AIDS prevention and control programs applicable to the current situations of health policy in Korea. The activities of NGOs would be as important as those of government.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 2017

Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic agent especially in immunocompromised hosts and can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, detection and monitoring of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies are of a great interest in HIV-infected patients. A study on the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and associated risk factors was carried out among HIV-infected patients in Jahrom, southern Iran. The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies was 21.1% in HIV-infected patients by ELISA. PCR was performed on all of the samples, and 1 of the blood samples was positively detected. Among the HIV patients, anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were significantly higher in age group of 30-39 years old (P=0.05). The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with $CD4^+$ < $100cells/{\mu}l$ was 33.3% that was significantly higher than the other groups (P=0.042) with or without IgG antibodies. The $CD4^+$ count mean of seropositive patients was lower than that of seronegative patients. The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy was significantly less than patients without therapy (P=0.02). In conclusion, this study showed low seroprevalence of latent toxoplasmosis among HIV-infected patients in the region and confirmed the need for intensifying prevention efforts among this high-risk population and also the risk of toxoplasmosis reactivation which could be important among this population.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.172-179
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• 2018

Background: Insufficient training in infection control and occupational health among healthcare workers (HCWs) in countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) burdens requires attention. We examined the effectiveness of a 1-year Certificate Program in Occupational Health and Infection Control conducted in Free State Province, South Africa in an international partnership to empower HCWs to become change agents to promote workplace-based HIV and TB prevention. Methods: Questionnaires assessing reactions to the program and Knowledge, Attitudes, Skills, and Practices were collected pre-, mid-, and postprogram. Individual interviews, group project evaluations, and participant observation were also conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Qualitative data were thematically coded and analyzed using the Kirkpatrick framework. Results: Participants recruited (n = 32) were mostly female (81%) and nurses (56%). Pre-to-post-program mean scores improved in knowledge (+12%, p = 0.002) and skills/practices (+14%, p = 0.002). Preprogram attitude scores were high but did not change. Participants felt empowered and demonstrated attitudinal improvements regarding HIV, TB, infection control, and occupational health. Successful projects were indeed implemented. However, participants encountered considerable difficulties in trying to sustain improvement, due largely to lack of pre-existing knowledge and experience, combined with inadequate staffing and insufficient management support. Conclusion: Training is essential to strengthen HCWs' occupational health and infection control knowledge, attitudes, skills, and practices, and workplace-based training programs such as this can yield impressive results. However, the considerable mentorship resources required for such programs and the substantial infrastructural supports needed for implementation and sustainability of improvements in settings without pre-existing experience in such endeavors should not be underestimated.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-48
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• 1998

A study of 232 secondary school teachers was conducted to explore their knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and interests concerning AIDS and HN infection, in order to develop in-service training program for teachers and effective teaching strategies across the curriculum for students. 1. Teachers of 12.9% reported that they had attended in-service training concerning AIDS and HIV. 2. Teachers of 75.4%, 68.2%, 73.7% offered correct answers to the knowledge section pertaining to the transmission of HN, prevention of mv infection, and HIV antibody testing. 3. Significant correlations were found among knowledge, attitudes, interests, and between interests and behaviors, related to AIDS and HIV. Teachers who had relatively more knowledge and positive attitudes related to AIDS, had an more interest in AIDS, expressed stronger intentions to care for, and took more positive attitudes toward working with and teaching AIDS patients than other teachers did.(Correlation through Factor Analysis).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.292-303
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to find out the level of knowledge, attitude, subjective norm, social interaction, and behavioral intention of nursing students regarding AIDS. It also identified factors that predict behavioral intentions and to provide care for patients with AIDS using Theory of Reasoned Action. The subjects consisted of 117 nursing students at three universities. Data was collected with self reporting in a questionnaire of with 67 items. Data was analyzed by an SPSS pc+ program. The results were as follows; 1. The mean age of the subjects was 20.98 years. The mean score for HIV/AIDS knowledge was 24.444 out of 32. Mostly Korean students were quite knowledgeable about the basic facts and symptoms of AIDS but confused about the made of transmission such as public toilets, prevention methods, and especially infection control. 2. This study found that social interaction, attitudes and subjective norms of Korean nursing students explained the intention to care for AIDS patients. The students who had a more positive attitude toward caring for AIDS patients and those who perceived more support from their significant others for caring the AIDS patients reported a more positive intention to care for AIDS patients. 3. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, 47.58% of the variance in AIDS patient care intention was accounted for by social interaction (33.41%), attitude (9.1%), and subjective norm (5.0 %). According to the finding of this study, and social interaction are the most significant predictors of intentions. Therefore it can be suggested that a HIV/AIDS prevention program should focus on transmission modes and prevention methods, especially in infection control. AIDS education efforts aimed at nursing students should place greater emphasis on correcting these kinds of misconceptions. Nursing intenvention for reducing fear of contagion, improving perception of social interaction, fostering positive attitudes and increasing intention to care for AIDS patients should be provided for nursing students. They also recommended that nursing students be adequately prepared to care for AIDS patients because of the increasing probability that they will encounter AIDS patients. Therefore it is important that education about HIV/AIDS should be incorporated within current undergraduate curriculum.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes and prevention behavior to AIDS of nurses. Method: The subject of this study were 217 nurses in Busan. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and Scheffe's test. Results: Total knowledge of AIDS(mean score was 6.71 out of 12) was average. Total attitudes of AIDS(mean score was 13.16 out of 25)was average. Prevention behaviors were above average(mean score was 57.63 out of 75). According to the results of analyzing the difference between general characteristics of the subject and AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and prevention behaviors, a significant difference was present with religion(p<.05) in attitudes score; with age(p<.001), marital status(p<.001), education level(p<.05), position(p<.05) and clinical experience(p<.05) in prevention behaviors. According to the results of analyzing the difference between AIDS related characteristics of the subject and AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and perceived behaviors, a significant difference was present with experience in taking care of HIV/AIDS patients(t=2.19, p<.05) in attitudes score; and experience in HIV positive after care(t=-2.64, p<.01) and general nursing training about AIDS(t=2.23, p<.01). There was a positive correlation among knowledge score and attitudes score(r=.170, p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggested that AIDS education and training programs should be developed and run for nurses. Expecially, health education related with AIDS is needed in young and less experienced nurses. In following such a program, there will be greater compliance with prevention behaviors. Furthermore, it is necessary to provide work-related guidelines regarding AIDS for nurses.