• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9379-9383
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• 2014

Background: Pathologic complete response (pCR) is one of the most important target end-points of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with breast cancer (BC). In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between molecular subtypes and NACT in patients with BC. Materials and Methods: Using the Akdeniz University database, 106 patients who received NACT for operable breast cancer were retrospectively identified. Prognostic factors before and after NACT were assessed. According to the molecular subtypes, molecular shifting after NACT and tumoral and nodal response to NACT were analyzed. Results: The distribution of subtypes was: Luminal A, 28.3% (n=30); Luminal B, 31.1% (n=33); HER2-like, 24.5% (n=26); and basal like/triple negative (BL/TN), 16.0% (n=17). According to molecular subtypes, pCR rates in both breast and axillary were 0%, 21.4%, 36.4% and 27.3% for luminal A, luminal B, HER2-like and BL/TN, respectively (p=0.018). Molecular subtype shifting was mostly seen in luminal A type (28.6%) after the NACT. The pCR rate in breast and axillary was significantly higher in patients with HER2-like type BC. Conclusions: In patients with HER-2 like type BC, NACT may be offered in early stages. Additionally, due to molecular shifting, adjuvant treatment schedule should be reviewed again, especially in the luminal A group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2291-2295
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• 2016

Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting HER 2 receptors have emerged as an important therapeutic approach in inhibition of downstream proliferation and survival signals for the treatment of breast cancers. Recent drug discovery efforts have demonstrated that naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds like delphinidin have potential to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells by targeting HER2 receptors. While delphinidin may thus reduce tumour size, it is associated with serious side effects like dysphonia. Owing to the narrow therapeutic window of delphinidin, the present study aimed to identify high affinity compounds targeting HER2 with safer pharmacological profiles than delphinidin through virtual screening approaches. Delphinidin served as the query parent for identification of structurally similar compounds by Tanimoto-based similarity searching with a threshold of 95% against the PubChem database. The compounds retrieved were further subjected to Lipinski and Verber's filters to obtain drug like agents, then further filtered by diversity based screens with a cut off of 0.6. The compound with Pubchem ID: 91596862 was identified to have higher affinity than its parent. In addition it also proved to be non-toxic with a better ADMET profile and higher kinase activity. The compound identified in the study can be put to further in vitro drug testing to complement the present study.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.983-989
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• 2019

Objective: Many types of delayed adverse reactions, such as long-term numbness, occur after injecting contrast medium, but few clinical studies have reported effective treatments for these reactions. We report that herbal medicine can have a positive clinical effect in patients who have experienced long-term numbness after contrast medium injection. Method: A patient who had felt numbness in her head and whole limbs presented at Semyung University Korean Medicine hospital. Her numbness had first started 2 days after injection of contrast medium, and she had felt it constantly for almost 2 years. After admission at the hospital, she took "modified Samul-tang" herbal medicine (120 cc three times per day) from 29 January 2019 to 2 February 2019. We measured her numbness using a numeric rating scale (NRS) on 29 January and 2 February and we compared both scores to determine the degree of favorable and clinical effects of herbal medicine. Result: The NRS score for numbness was 5 for her head and limbs on the first day (29 January), but after 4 days (2 February), the NRS score decreased to 0 for her head and both arms and hands, and it decreased from 5 to 2 for both her legs and feet. Conclusion: Korean herbal medicine can have positive clinical effects on treating adverse reactions due to injection of contrast medium.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 1979

The manoeuvrabilities of a ship are decided by the values of her manoeuvring indices. The manoeuvring indices consist of two kinds: indices K and T. The former decides a ship's turning ability and the latter, the length of time delay to a steady turning motion after her rudder has finished the turn of an ordered angle. In this paper, the author figured out the values of the manoeuvring indices of the m. s. 'SAEBADA' (GT: 2,275,7 ton), the training ship of tile National Fisheries University of Busan through her Z test and analyzed these values and the other data which were obtained from her Z test to study her manoeuvrabilities. The results of]tamed are summarized as follows: 1. The manoeuvring indices K' of the m. s. 'SAEBADA' were $1.052(at\;10{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;0.925(at\;20{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;and\;0.877(at\;30{\circ}\;Z\;test)$. Her manoeuvring indices $0.815(at\;10{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;0.502(at\;20{\circ}\;Z\;test)\;and\;0.441(at\;30{\circ}\;Z\;test)$. Her above calculated values K', T' showed that her obeying ability to the turn of her rudder was more increased when her rudder was used to large angle than to small angle, but on the other hand in this case her turning ability was slightly reduced. 2. As it appeared that the calculated K'-values of the m.s. 'SAEBADA' were slightly smaller than the standard K'-values of the fishing boats similar in length, and her overshoot angles at her Z test were greater than other general ships, her turning ability was found to t]e slightly lower. 3. When the m. s. 'SAEBADA' took a turn at her $10^{\circ}\;Z$ test, running distance was about 8.6 times her own length and didn't exceed the standard manoeuvrability distance, 5 to 11 times general ships' own length, therefore she was considered to have a good manoeuvrability synthetically.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1197-1201
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• 2012

Objective: To study the relationship between clinical pathologic characteristics, treatment modalities and prognostic factors in HER-2 (Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2) overexpressed breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Major clinico-pathological factors including therapeutic modalities and survival status of 371 breast cancer patients with HER2 over-expression, teated at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital from March of 2002 to December of 2010 were retrospectively studied, with special attention focused on survival-related factors. Results: The median age of the total 371 patients in this study was 48 years at time of diagnosis, among which, the leading pathological type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (92.5%); 62.8% presented with a primary tomor larger than 2 cm in diameter at diagnosis, 51.0% had axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases; ER (Estrogen receptor)/PR (Progesterone receptor) double negative occured in 52.8% of cases, and PCNA (proliferation cell nuclear antigen) (+++) was found in 55.1%. HER-2 overexpressed patients were usually in advanced stage when the diagnosis was made (72.8% at stages IIA~IIIC). The prognosis and survival were assessed in 259 patients with complete follow-up data. 5-year DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) rate was 68.0% and 78.0% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, tumor size, ALN metastases, LVSI (lymph-vascular space involvement), PCNA status, hormonal therapy, chemotherapy cycles, and HER-2 overexpression, correlated closely with the prognosis. ALN metastases, LVSI, PCNA status and chemotherapy cycles were independent predictors of survival. Conclusions: HER-2 overexpressed breast cancer has special clinical and pathological characteristics, with advanced clinical stages and high rate of ER/PR double negative. Lymph node metastases, LVSI, PCNA and chemotherapy cycles are independent predictors of prognosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2008

In this study to evaluate the involvement of EGFR, HER-2/neu and ALCAM (CD166) oncogene products in canine mammary neoplastic lesions, sections of archived paraffin-embedded samples of 49 mammary tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically using antibodies against human EGFR and HER-2/neu and ALCAM. These 49 tumors were divided into 2 groups: 22 benign (19 adenoma, 3 benign mixed tumors) and 27 malignant tumors (2 simple adenocarcinomas, 5 complex adenocarcinomas, 3 solid carcinoma, 5 sclerosing carcinoma, 8 malignant mixed tumors and 4 malignant myoepithelioma). As a result of immunostaining, 31.8% (7/22) of the benign tumors and 29.6% (8/27) of the malignant tumors expressed the HER-2/neu oncogene product, EGFR expression was detected in 27.3% (6/22) of benign tumors and in 22.2% (6/27) of the malignant tumors. ALCAM expression was detected in 40.9% (9/22) of benign tumors and in 7.4% (2/27) of the malignant tumors. These results suggest that some of the biological and morphological characteristics of the tumor are associated with canine mammary gland tumors, as also reported for human breast cancer, the possibility of using anti-HER-2/neu antibodies in the treatment of canine mammary tumors.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2010

1. Objectives: The purpose of this case is to report the effect of Onbaek-won(溫白元) which is based on Sasang Constitutional Medicine for abnormal uterine bleeding from Endometriosis in Soeumin. 2. Methods: We treated Soeumin patient that had abnormal uterine bleeding from endometriosis. We prescribed Onbaek-won(溫白元) for her physical symptoms. The improvement of her disease was checked her bleeding volume and other physical symptoms. 3. Results: After the Sasang constitutional medication of Onbaek-won(溫白元) was given, her bleeding volume and her physical symptoms was improved. 4. Conclusions: This case study show an efficient result of using Onbaek-won(溫白元) in abnormal uterine bleeding from endometriosis of Soeumin. Onbaek-won(溫白元) was used instead of Semen Tiglii(巴豆).

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2021

Purpose: A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is a promising tool for cancer-specific image guided surgery. Human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the candidate markers for gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to synthesize HER2-specific NIR fluorescence probes and evaluate their applicability in cancer-specific image-guided surgeries using an animal model. Materials and Methods: An NIR dye emitting light at 800 nm (IRDye800CW; Li-COR) was conjugated to trastuzumab and an HER2-specific affibody using a click mechanism. HER2 affinity was assessed using surface plasmon resonance. Gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87 and SNU-601) were subcutaneously implanted into female BALB/c nu (6-8 weeks old) mice. After intravenous injection of the probes, biodistribution and fluorescence signal intensity were measured using Lumina II (Perkin Elmer) and a laparoscopic NIR camera (InTheSmart). Results: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW exhibited high affinity for HER2 (K_D=2.093(3) pM). Fluorescence signals in the liver and spleen were the highest at 24 hours post injection, while the signal in HER2-positive tumor cells increased until 72 hours, as assessed using the Lumina II system. The signal corresponding to the tumor was visually identified and clearly differentiated from the liver after 72 hours using a laparoscopic NIR camera. Affibody-IRDye800CW also exhibited high affinity for HER2 (K_D=4.71 nM); however, the signal was not identified in the tumor, probably owing to rapid renal clearance. Conclusions: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW may be used as a potential NIR probe that can be injected 2-3 days before surgery to obtain high HER2-specific signal and contrast. Affibody-based NIR probes may require modifications to enhance mobilization to the tumor site.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1431-1434
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide and the HER2 receptor plays an important role in its development and progression. This systematic review aimed to summarize the role of HER2 in brain metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a literature search by advanced search in title field using the Scopus, Pubmed, and Google scholar databases until the end of June 2014. With metastasis, metastatic, HER2, brain, and breast cancer, as terms of search we selected 31 articles, which were reviewed by two independent and blinded expert reviewers. The studies were first selected according to their titles and abstracts. Quality of the studies were then assessed using the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) protocol for observational studies and CONSORT(Consolidation of Standards for Reporting Trials) protocol for clinical trials. For statistical analyses, we used STATA, version 11.0 software. Forest and funnel diagrams were drawn and for heterogeneity, index was also considered. Also we used meta regression analysis. Results: Finally, we reviewed 10 studies. The prevalence of brain metastasis in HER2-positive breast cancer patients was 24.9%. There was publication bias in the reviewed studies. Meta regression analysis showed that follow up time had no significant effect (p=0.396) on the prevalence of brain metastasis. Conclusions: The results showed a high prevalence of brain metastasis in HER2 positive breast cancer patients.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.33-49
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• 2001

This study was performed under the need for systematic analysis about the effect of religious activity of a protestant married women in Korea on the relational satisfaction between her and her family members. It was separately analyzed that church-centered religious activity and home-centered religious activity. The purpose of this study are to propose religious activity that could allow for a satisfactory relationship between all family members of a protestant married women, and to contribute to make a harmonious family through recommended activities for a protestant family and church to accept and carry out. The analyses of the results are in case of the pure explanation power that religious activity has on a protestant married women and her family member’s relational satisfaction, the couple relational satisfaction degree from wife is 4.6%, the one from husband is 4.4%, the mother-child relational satisfaction degree from mother is 2.5%, and the one from child is 1.5%. Therefore effect of religious activity on family member’s satisfaction is more couple relational satisfaction than mother-child relational satisfaction, and the significant variable on all the relationships between the protestant married women and her family members are home-centered religious activity.