• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1974

The electrocardiogram of frogs were obtained in winter (January), spring (April), summer (July) and autumn (September and November). Electrocardiograms were recorded applying electrodes to the atria, ventricle and apex of the heart by unipolar or bipolar leads. V wave was recorded prior to P wave, for the presence of the sinus venosus which controls the automaticity of the frog heart, in four seasons. Regardless of the leads or the position of the electrodes P wave was diphasic and wide. According to the rise of temperature the rate of heart beat was increased, and V-P and P-R interval were shortened. Two regression line between R-R interval and both V-P interval and P-R interval were drawn. These were calculated as V-P interval=1 0.276R-R $interva1+0.067{\pm}0.15$ (sec.) and P-R interval=0.179R-R $interva1+0.155{\pm}0.1$ (sec). From these calculation the larger gradient of V-P interval than P-R interval was suggestive that the heart rate is more dependent on the changes of V-P interval than that of P-R interval. Changes of the heart rate were also measured in four seasons and artificial temperatures. Two regression lines between the heart rate (H.H.) and both seasonal temperature (T) and artificial temperature, were drawn. These two lines were calculated as H.R.=20+3.71 (T-10) and H.R.=32+1.425 T respectively. From two gradients of the above equations it is considered that the changes of the heart rate in artificial temperature were milder than that in seasonal temperature. The number of RBC and WBC of frogs were measured in four seasons and a tendency of the changes was observed according to the seasonal variation.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.200-207
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• 2022

Background: The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) is the most important index for accurately measuring cardiopulmonary function in patients with acute ischemic heart disease. However, the relationship between the OUES variables and important cardiopulmonary function parameters remain unelucidated for patients with acute ischemic heart disease, which accounts for the largest proportion of heart disease. Objects: The present cross sectional clinical study aimed to determine the multiple relationships among the cardiopulmonary function variables mentioned above in adults with acute ischemic heart disease. Methods: A convenience sample of 110 adult inpatients with ischemic heart disease (age: 57.4 ± 11.3 y; 95 males, 15 females) was enrolled at the hospital cardiac rehabilitation center. The correlation between the important cardiopulmonary function indicators including peak oxygen uptake (VO₂ peak), minute ventilation (VE)/carbon dioxide production (VCO₂) slope, heart rate recovery (HRR), and ejection fraction (EF) and OUES was confirmed. Results: This study showed that OUES was highly correlated with VO₂ peak, VE/VCO₂ slope, and HRR parameters. Conclusion: The OUES can be used as an accurate indicator for cardiopulmonary function. There are other factors that influence aerobic capacity besides EF, so there is no correlation with EF. Effective cardiopulmonary rehabilitation programs can be designed based on OUES during submaximal exercise in patients with acute ischemic heart disease.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2018

The measurement of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals has been used to predict fatigue and stress levels in a clinical environment, yet, owing to the complexity of such ECG systems, a domestic, nonclinical monitoring of HRV has not been a practical possibility. Recently though, Pulse Rate Variability (PRV) has been studied as an alternative to HRV. In this study, we investigated the reliability of measuring PRV by means of a smartwatch. The PRV results were compared to HRV results in similar test conditions, i.e. those obtained under rapid and deep-breathing scenarios. From the results obtained, it transpires that the Bland-Altman ratio and cross-correlation coefficients between several PRV and HRV parameters were highly correlated, thus suggesting that the results of measuring PRV using a smartwatch can be used to predict HRV in nonclinical environments.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body fat on energy metabolic response and subjective sensations under the hot environment. Fifteen female university students volunteered as subjects. We organized subjects into three groups: low body fat group(group L : less than 20% of body fat), medium body fat group(group M : 20%~30% of body fat) and high body fat group(group H: more than 30% of body fat). The experiment was conducted with $32^{\circ}C$, 60%RH. The subjects repeated 'Exercise' and 'Rest' period. The results of this study are as follows ; The oxygen uptake value of AM is higher than PM. The value of group H is the highest in three fat groups. But it showed group L is the highest in oxygen uptake per weight. %body fat is the lower, oxygen uptake is the higher. In Calorie, group L has higher value in AM in than in PM. In M group and group H, a value of PM is higher than AM. In group H, difference of AM and PM is the highest. From a view point of three groups, a value of group H is the highest. This support that calorie increases as oxygen uptake increase. The heart rate values of group L and group H are the higher in AM than in PM. This support that heart rate was relation to oxygen uptake. In all three groups, the value of blood pressure is higher in AM than in PM. Subjective sensations of temperature sensation, thermal comfort, and wetness sensation are higher in Am than in Pm. This explains that subject sensations are similar to experimental data, such as oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood pressure. In oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood pressure, general tend to showed higher AM than PM. This showed that heart rate, oxygen uptake increase in AM, as blood pressure increase, too. From a view point of %body fat, group H is higher than the others in oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood pressure.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2015

Objective : This study aimed to understand how increased heart rates at the time of drop landing during a step test would affect biomechanical variables of the lower extremity limbs. Background : Ballet performers do more than 200 landings in a daily training. This training raises the heart rate and the fatigability of the lower extremity limbs. Ballet performance high heart rate can trigger lower extremity limb injury. Method : We instructed eight female ballet dancers with no instability in their ankle joints(mean ${\pm}$ SD: age, $20.7{\pm}0.7yr$; body mass index, $19.5{\pm}1.2kg/m^2$, career duration, $8.7{\pm}2.0yr$) to perform the drop landing under the following conditions: rest, 60% heart rate reserve (HRR) and 80% HRR. Results : First, the study confirmed that the increased heart rates of the female ballet dancers did not affect the working ranges of the knee joints during drop landing but only increased angular speeds, which was considered a negative shock-absorption strategy. Second, 80% HRR, which was increased through the step tests, led to severe fatigue among the female ballet dancers, which made them unable to perform a lower extremity limb-neutral position. Hence, their drop landing was unstable, with increased introversion and extroversion moments. Third, we observed that the increasing 80% HRR failed to help the dancers effectively control ground reaction forces but improved the muscular activities of the rectus femoris and vastus medialis oblique muscles. Fourth, the increasing heart rates were positively related to the muscular activities of the vastus medialis oblique and rectus femoris muscles, and the extroversion and introversion moments. Conclusion/Application : Our results prove that increased HRR during a step test negatively affects the biomechanical variables of the lower extremity limbs at the time of drop landing.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2016

Objectives We observed what effects of Paced Breathing(PB) in specific respiration rate have on heart rate variability (HRV) according to Sasang Constitution.Methods HRV of 72 healthy participants in sitting position was recorded while they carried out usual breathing, 0.2Hz, 0.1Hz, and 0.05Hz PB each 5 minutes in consecutive order. Five minute of relaxation was permitted between each breathing. Finally, HRV indices were statictically analyzed of 32 participants (SOEUM: 11, SOYANG: 10, TAEEUM: 11) after data out of accord with respiration rate or outliers were excluded.Results and Conclusions According to respiration rates, there was no statistical significance of HRV among Sasang Constitution. Regardless of Sasang Constituion, 0.2Hz PB increased mean heart rate and decreased natural logarithmic low frequency(lnLF) oscillation of HRV without the change of natural logarithmic high frequency(lnHF), while 0.1Hz PB increased lnLF and standard deviation of N-N interval(SDNN), and slightly decreased lnHF without the change of mean heart rate. 0.05 Hz PB also showed the same effect as 0.1Hz PB, but was impracticable.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of inbalance of autonomic nerve system on peripheral facial palsy patients in comparison of Heart Rate Variability results of healthy control group with that of peripheral facial palsy group. Methods : The peripheral facial palsy patiens who visited the Dongguk university Bundang oriental medicine hospital from April to June in 2005 were tested Heart Rate Variability items which are Mean Heart Rate(MHRT), Standard Deviation of all the Normal RR intervals (SDNN), Root Mean Square of Successive Differences Between The Normal Heart Beats(RMSSD), Total Power(TP), Low Frequency, High Frequency, ratio between the Low Frequency and High Frequency power(LF/HF ratio). The Heart Rate Variability test results of peripheral facial palsy group were compared with the HRV test results of healthy control group who didn't have nervous disease, musculoskeletal disease, heart problem and pain for the past 6 months. Results : 1. MHRT was not significantly different between peripheral facial palsy group and healthy control group(P=0.18). 2. SDNN was not significantly different between peripheral facial palsy group and healthy control group(P=0.41). 3. RMSSD was not significantly different between peripheral facial palsy group and healthy control group(P=0.93). 4. TP was not significantly different between peripheral facial palsy group and healthy control group(P=094). 5. LF and HF were not significantly different between peripheral facial palsy group and healthy control group((P=0.34, 0.30). 6. LF/HF ratio was significantly different between peripheral facial palsy group and healthy control group(P=0.04). Conclusion : LF/HF ratio is generally used as autonomic nerve system evaluation and there was significantly statistical difference between peripheral facial palsy group and healthy control group.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2006

Background : Phentermine classified by "sympathomimmetic amie", is a stimulant of sympatheic tone But there has been no concrete study which presents the influence of phentermine on autonomic nervous system. Analysis of Heart rate variability is reliable, non-invasive and very useful for evaluating function of autonomic nervous system. We tried to elucidate the influence of phentermine on autonomic nervovs system by heart rate variability. MethodsAmong the 70 candidates who participated in the double-blind case control study whichwas designed in purpose of approving whether- Adipekⓓ is effective for treatment of obesity, 45persons were folled up. From April, 2005 to May 2005, HRV of the candidates who takes phentermine or placebo for 1month, was recorded using BFM-5000ⓓ(medi-core) for 5 minutes in resting state. HRV measures were assessed by time-domain and by frequency- domain analysis. Time domain parameters contain SDNN(Standard Deviation of NN intervals) and RMSSD(Root-Mean-Square of Successive Differences), etc and frequency domain Parameters contain Total Power(TP), Low frequency(LF'0.04-0.15Hz) power. High Frequency(HF:0.15-0.4Hz) power and LF/HF ratio etc. Results: Intakes of phentermine reduce HRV significant1y. SDNN & RMSSD, the main tine domain parameters of HRV, were decreased significantly(P=0.007. 0.016). PSI(Physical Stress Index of Pressure Index) was increase significantly(P=0.002)The main frequency domain parameters(TP, LF & VLF), also decreased significantly. (P=0.024,0.033, 0.015)Conclusion: The result showed that intakes of phentermine reduce heart rate variability and influence on most parameters of HRV. So phentermine not only accelerates sympathetic tone, but also inhibit the balance and function of autonomic nervous system.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the position changes with tilt table on autonomic nervous system using heart rate variability analysis. METHODS: Fourty healthy adult males volunteered in this study. The low frequency, high frequency and low frequency/high frequency ratio and mean heart rate, standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals, root mean square of successive differences, heart rate variability index were measured at the tilt table angle of $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ with pulsoximeter. Data were analyzed one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. RESULTS: The mean heart rate, low frequency and low frequency/high frequency ratio increased significantly at higher angle of tilt table(p<.05). The root mean square of successive differences, heart rate variability index decreased significantly at lower angle of tilt table(p<.05). The standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals, high frequency decreased at higher angle of tilt table did not show significant difference. CONCLUSION: The symphathetic activity increased significantly at higher angle of tilt table. The parasymphathetic activity decreased at higher angle of tilt table, but the difference were not significant. The autonomic adaptation, balance and heart rate variability decreased significantly at higher angle of tilt table. Based on these results, in the treatment of patients with a change in posture precedence should be carefully treated. Further studies are necessary to determine the most safety and effective methods.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this experiment is to know the effect of mountain cultivated ginseng pharmacopuncture on heart rate variability(HRV), pulse wave velocity(PWV) in middle aged women. Methods : We investigated on 20 healthy Middle Aged women volunteers. First, we measured their heart rate variability(HRV), pulse wave velocity(PWV) and then mountain cultivated ginseng pharmacopuncture 20cc were injected on them. After 30 minutes, we measured heart rate variability(HRV), pulse wave velocity(PWV) again. As a result, method of one-group pretest-posttes design were used for evaluation. Results : 1. In HRV, MeanHRV is significantly decreased from 69.15 to 63.34 after injection. 2. MeanRR is significantly increased from 877.20 to 962.10 after injection. SDNN is significantly increased from 32.56 to 41.34 after injection. 3. PNN50 is significantly decreased after injection. RNSSD, SDSD, TP, VLF is significantly increased after injection. 4. Stress resistance ability is significantly increased from 37.55 to 44.60 after injection. 5. In PWV, E-R, E-L, H-R, H-L is significantly decreased after injection. Conclusions : Effect of mountain cultivated ginseng pharmacopuncture on heart rate variability(HRV) increased adaptability of autonomic nervous system and on pulse wave velocity(PWV) decreased arterial stiffness.