• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1687-1692
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• 2012

Background: Few studies have examined theoretically informed constructs related to hepatitis B (HBV) testing, and comparisons across studies are challenging due to lack of uniformity in constructs assessed. The present analysis examined relationships among Health Behavior Framework factors across four Asian American groups to advance the development of theory-based interventions for HBV testing in at-risk populations. Methods: Data were collected from 2007-2010 as part of baseline surveys during four intervention trials promoting HBV testing among Vietnamese-, Hmong-, Korean- and Cambodian-Americans (n = 1,735). Health Behavior Framework constructs assessed included: awareness of HBV, knowledge of transmission routes, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, doctor recommendation, stigma of HBV infection, and perceived efficacy of testing. Within each group we assessed associations between our intermediate outcome of knowledge of HBV transmission and other constructs, to assess the concurrent validity of our model and instruments. Results: While the absolute levels for Health Behavior Framework factors varied across groups, relationships between knowledge and other factors were generally consistent. This suggests similarities rather than differences with respect to posited drivers of HBV-related behavior. Discussion: Our findings indicate that Health Behavior Framework constructs are applicable to diverse ethnic groups and provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity of the Health Behavior Framework.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4705-4709
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• 2013

Background: Cambodian Americans have high rates of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and liver cancer. There is very limited information about the utility of community health worker (CHW) approaches to cancer education for Asian American men. We have previously reported our positive findings from a trial of CHW education about HBV for Cambodian Americans who had never been tested for HBV. This report describes similarities and differences between the outcomes of our CHW HBV educational intervention among Cambodian American men and women. Methods: The study group for this analysis included 87 individuals (39 men and 48 women) who were randomized to the experimental (HBV education) arm of our trial, participated in the CHW educational intervention, and provided follow-up data six months post-intervention. We examined HBV testing rates at follow-up, changes in HBV-related knowledge between baseline and follow-up, and barriers to HBV testing (that were reported to CHWs) by gender. Results: At follow-up, 15% of men and 31% of women reported they had received a HBV test (p=0.09). HBV-related knowledge levels increased significantly among both men and women. With respect to HBV testing barriers, women were more likely than men to cite knowledge deficits, and men were more likely than women to cite logistic issues. Discussion: Our study findings indicate that CHW interventions can positively impact knowledge among Cambodian American men, as well as women. They also suggest CHW interventions may be less effective in promoting the use of preventive procedures by Cambodian American men than women. Future CHW research initiatives should consider contextual factors that may differ by gender and, therefore, potentially influence the relative effectiveness of CHW interventions for men versus women.

• BMB Reports
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.546-551
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• 2004

The increasing pace of development in molecular biology during the last decade has had a direct effect on mass testing and diagnostic applications, including blood screening. We report the model Microarray that has been developed for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis D virus (HDV) detection. The specific primer pairs of PCR were designed using the Primer Premier 5.00 program according to the conserved regions of HBV and HDV. PCR fragments were purified and cloned into pMD18-T vectors. The recombinant plasmids were extracted from positive clones and the target gene fragments were sequenced. The DNA microarray was prepared by robotically spotting PCR products onto the surface of glass slides. Sequences were aligned, and the results obtained showed that the products of PCR amplification were the required specific gene fragments of HBV, and HDV. Samples were labeled by Restriction Display PCR (RD-PCR). Gene chip hybridizing signals showed that the specificity and sensitivity required for HBV and HDV detection were satisfied. Using PCR amplified products to construct gene chips for the simultaneous clinical diagnosis of HBV and HDV resulted in a quick, simple, and effective method. We conclude that the DNA microarray assay system might be useful as a diagnostic technique in the clinical laboratory. Further applications of RD-PCR for the sample labeling could speed up microarray multi-virus detection.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2023

Purpose: We aimed to determine the differences in the levels of serum thyroid hormone (free T4 [FT4]) and thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH]) as biomarkers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status, with respect to age and sex. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed serum samples from 200 patients who underwent HBV testing from August 2022 to September 2022. Serum samples were collected from patients suspected of having HBV infection who visited this hospital. Thyroid hormone levels were measured, and patients were grouped according to age and sex. Results: Differences in TSH and FT4 levels in the serum of patients in the HBV-positive and -negative groups were not significant. Among the HBV-positive patients in the younger age group (<60 years), TSH and FT4 levels were 1.78 ± 0.09 µIU/mL (normal: 0.4-5.0 µIU/mL) and 1.24 ± 0.02 ng/mL (normal: 0.8-1.9 ng/mL), respectively, whereas among the HBV-positive patients in the older age group (≥60 years), TSH and FT4 levels were 2.22 ± 0.17 µIU/mL and 1.24 ± 0.07 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The presence of HBV did not markedly affect serum thyroid hormone levels. Our findings shed light on the conflicting evidence on the association between thyroid hormone levels and HBV infection. We, Hyeokjun Yun and Bo Kyeung Jung are co-first authors which made substantial contribution equally to the conception and designed of this work. Jae Kyung Kim, In soo Rheem and Kap No Lee made significant contributions to the acquisition and analysis of the data.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.339-346
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• 1995

수혈 후 B형 간염 바이러스의 전파를 감소시키기 위한 방법으로 현재 적십자 혈액원에서 공급되는 적혈구 농축제재를 대상으로 HBV DNA, HBsAg, anti-HBs 및 anti-HBc를 측정 하여 수혈자에서 HBV DNA의 노출정도와 HBV DNA와 B형 바이러스 간염의 혈청학적 표지자와의 관련성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대구 적십자 혈액원에서 공급되는 적혈구 농축제재에서는 HBsAg이 검출되지 않았으며, HBV DNA는 0.6%에서 검출되었는데, 모두 anti-HBc만 양성인 경우였다. Anti-HBc양성률은 37%였으며, 이들중 65.8%에서 anti-HBs도 양성으로 나타나 anti-HBc만 양성인 경우는 공혈혈액의 13.0% 정도로 추정되었다. 따라서, 우리나라와 같이 anti-HBc양성률이 높은 지역에서는 anti-HBs를 추가하는 경우 13%의 혈액제제만을 폐기함으로써 HBV DNA의 전파를 차단시킬수 있으리라 생각되며 현재 실시하고 있는 검사보다 예민도와 특이도가 높은 선별검사의 개발이 필요한 것으로 생각된다.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1072-1078
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• 2018

Purpose: The Korean society has moved rapidly toward becoming a multicultural society. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis viruses and investigate hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypic diversity in female marriage immigrants. Materials and Methods: Screening program was conducted at support centers for multicultural families in 21 administrative districts in Korea between July 2011 and January 2017. A total of 963 female marriage immigrants were included in this study. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis viral markers and HBV genotype. Results: Subjects' median age was 33 years (20-40 years), and they originated from nine countries including Vietnam (n=422, 43.8%), China (n=311, 32.3%), the Philippines (n=85, 8.8%), Cambodia (n=58, 6.0%), and Japan (n=39, 4.0%). About 30% (n=288) of subjects required hepatitis A vaccination. HBsAg positive rate was 5.4% (n=52). Positive HBsAg results were the highest in subjects from Southeast Asia (6.6%, n=38). Anti-HBs positive rate was 60.4% (n=582). About 34% (n=329) of subjects who were negative for anti-HBs and HBsAg required HBV vaccinations. Genotypes B and C were found in 54.6% (n=12) and 45.4% (n=10) of the 22 subjects with HBV, in whom genotypes were tested. Eight (0.8%) subjects were positive for anti-HCV. Positive anti-HCV results were the highest in subjects from Central Asia (7.9%, n=3). Conclusion: Testing for hepatitis viral marker (hepatitis A virus IgG and HBsAg/anti-HBs) is needed for female marriage immigrants. Especially, HBV genotype B is different from genotype C of Koreans. Therefore, interest and attention to vaccination programs for female marriage immigrants are necessary for both clinicians and public health institutes.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2011

배경 : B형간염표면항원(HBsAg)은 B형간염의 진단에 있어 가장 중요한 혈청학적 지표 중 하나이다. HBsAg 검사에 대한임상검사실의 수요에 맞추어 자동화 장비 및 검사법이 계속 개발되어 왔다. 본 연구는 국내에 보급된 RIAKEY, BNIBT, RIAKEY Ultra Sensitive HBsAg, ROCHE 키트의 민감도 및 변이형 검출능과 CLIA법의 CENTAUR 장비와 RIAKEY Ultra Sensitive HBsAg의 상관계수를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : WHO $1^{st}$ International Standard 1985(80/549), WHO $2^{nd}$ International Standard 2003 (00/588) 표준물질 2개를 이용하여 농도별 0.08, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005 IU/ml 까지 계단희석을 시행하였으며, Subtype ad 9종, Subtype ay 변이시료 1종을 이용하여 RIAKEY, BNIBT, RIAKEY Ultra Sensitive HBsAg, ROCHE 키트를 이용하여 시행하였다. 그리고, 아형 검출에 사용된 변이시료 10종에 대한 IRMA법의 RIAKEY Ultra Sensitive HBsAg와 CLIA법의 CENTAUR 장비를 이용한 상관계수를 비교하였다. 결과 : 표준물질의 농도별 측정 시 WHO 0.01 PANEL 에서 Index 1.0 이상의 결과 값을 얻었으며, 그 결과 민감도는 0.01 IU/ml로 측정되었다. RIAKEY Ultra sensitve HBsAg 키트가 민감도측면에서 우수함을 알 수 있었다. RIAKEY Ultra sensitve HBsAg IRMA 키트에서는 adw2 9종과 ayw1 1종의 변이형 형태에 따라 모두 Index 1.0 이상으로 혈청중의 HBsAg을 100% 측정할수 있었다. RIAKEY Ultra sensitive HBsAg와 CLIA의 결과가 Y=1.0075 X + 1.2434, $R^2$=0.9982으로 우수한 상관성을 보였다. 결론 : 4세대인 IRMA법의 Ultra Sensitive HBsAg 키트로 혈청중의 HBsAg과 여러 가지 아형을 신속하고 정확히 측정하여 질병을 진단 할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the seropositive prevalence of blood-borne infection in neurotrauma patients who underwent emergent surgical intervention, especially patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis and human immunodefIciency virus (HIV). Methods: A retrospective review identified 559 patients with traumatic brain injury and spinal trauma who underwent emergent surgery between 2007 and 2014. We reviewed the medical records and extracted data, including age, sex, location of lesion, result of serologic tests, time interval of admission and surgery after presenting to emergency room. Serologic tests for HBV, HCV, syphilis and HIV were performed and analyzed to determine whether the seropositive results were confirmed by the surgeon before surgery. Results: The majority of the patients were male (74.6%), and the mean age was $55.4{\pm}20.2years$. Most patients underwent surgery due to traumatic brain injury (90.0%). Fifty-three patients (10.0%) showed a positive result on at least one serologic test. Seropositive rates according to pathogens were 0.5% for syphilis, 5.2% for HBV and 3.9% for HCV. No positive results were noted on the serologic tests for HIV. HBV in patients with spinal cord injury and age from 40 to 49 years were associated with high serologic positive rate, and that result was statistically significant. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the other variables. Serologic results could not confirmed before surgery in the majority of the cases (62.1%), and 10.4% of these patients showed seropositive results. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the importance of taking precautions and conducting rapid serologic testing in preventing the occupational transmission of blood-borne viruses to health-care workers.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2007

A silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) extract known to contain naturally occurring iminosugars, including 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) derived from the mulberry tree (Morus alba L.), was evaluated in surrogate HCV and HBV in vitro assays. Antiviral activity of the silkworm extract and one of its purified constituents, 1-DNJ, was demonstrated against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and GB virus-B (GBV-B), both members of the Flaviviridae family, and against woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV), both members of the Hepadnaviridae family of viruses. The silkworm extract exhibited a 1,300 fold greater antiviral effect against BVDV in comparison to purified 1-DNJ. Glycoprotein processing of BVDV envelope proteins was disrupted upon treatment with the naturally derived components. The glycosylation of the WHV envelope proteins was affected largely by treatment with the silkworm extract than with purified 1-DNJ as well. The mechanism of action for this therapy may lie in the generation of defective particles that are unable to initiate the next cycle of infection as demonstrated by inhibition of GBV-B in vitro. We postulate that the five constituent iminosugars present in the silkworm extract contribute, in a synergistic manner, toward the antiviral effects observed for the inhibition of intact maturation of hepatitis viral particles and may complement conventional therapies. These results indicate that pre-clinical testing of the natural silkworm extract with regards to the efficacy of treatment against viral hepatitis infections can be evaluated in the respective animal models, in preparation for clinical trials in humans.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2008

목 적: 현재 우리나라에서는 B형 간염 백신접종 후 일률적으로 항체검사를 권장하지는 않으나, 아직도 우리나라의 성인 및 소아의 보유율이 외국에 비해 매우 높고, 영아기의 어린이집 등 단체생활 증가와 이로 인한 수평감염의 위험성이 높다고 생각되므로 영아기의 면역획득여부를 확인하는 것이 중요하다고 생각된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 출생 후 B형 간염 백신을 접종한 만삭아들을 대상으로 항체검사를 실시하여 산모가 보유자인 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우의 두 군으로 나누어 기본접종 후 항체 양전율을 평가하였고, 무반응자에서의 재접종 시 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 방 법: 2004년 10월부터 2007년 6월까지 문화병원에서 출생한 716명의 만삭아들을 대상으로 산모의 B형 간염 보유여부에 따라 두 군으로 나누어 현재 추천되고 있는 일정으로 기본접종 후 생후 7-12개월(산모가 보유자인 경우는 생후 9-15개월)에 항체가를 측정하여 기본접종의 효과를 비교하였다. 또한 각 군의 무반응자에게 3회 재접종을 실시하고 1-3개월 후 항체가를 측정하여 재접종의 효과를 비교하였다. 또한 보유자인 산모로부터 출생한 영아에서 산모의 HBeAg 양성 여부가 주산기 예방조치의 실패와 관련이 있는지 알아보았다. 결 과: HBsAg이 음성인 산모에서 태어난 총 662명의 건강한 만삭아에서 B형 간염 기본접종 후 623명(94.1%)에서 항체 양전되었고, HBsAg이 양성인 산모에서 태어난 만삭아중 감염된 4명의 영아를 제외한 50명에서는 39명(78%)이 기본접종 후 항체 양전되어 산모가 보유자가 아닌 경우가 더 높은 항체 양전율을 나타냈다(P<0.001). 또한 건강한 만삭아의 무반응자 39명중 32명에서 재접종 후 31명(96.9%)에서 항체가 양전되었고, 산모가 보유자인 무반응자 11명 중 8명에서 재접종 후 7명(87.5%)이 항체 양전되어 두 군의 무반응자에서의 재접종은 매우 효과적이었다. 또한 두 군에서 마지막 기본접종 후 항체검사시기에 따른 항체 양전율은 거의 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). HBeAg이 음성이고 HBsAg만 양성인 산모로부터 출생한 영아 40명 모두 예방이 되었고, HBeAg과 HBsAg 모두 양성인 산모로부터 출생한 14명중에서는 4명(28.6%)이 예방조치가 실패하였다. 이와 같이 산모의 HBeAg 양성여부는 주산기 예방조치의 실패와 밀접한 관련이 있었다(P<0.001). 결 론: 보유자가 아닌 산모로부터 출생한 건강한 만삭아에서 기본접종 후 무반응자의 재접종의 효과는 매우 좋았기 때문에, 가족 내에 보유자가 있거나 보유자가 없다 하더라도 확실한 효과를 위해서 기본접종 후 항체검사 및 재접종을 고려해야 할 것으로 생각되나, 이를 위해서는 현재 시행되지 않고 있는 일률적인 항체검사의 비용효과적인 측면에 대한 연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 사료되며, 산모가 보유자인 경우에는 항체 양전율이 감소하므로 수직감염이 되지 않았다 하더라도 산모로부터 수평감염의 위험이 높으므로 현재 추천되는 방법으로 반드시 항체검사를 실시하여 항체 양전여부를 확인해야 할 것이다.