• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.28
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• pp.415-445
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• 1998

This study attempts at the engraving place of wood-printing plates held in the Haein Temple(해인사), which were famous for playing the significant role in the understanding of publishing activities of both the Koryo and Choson Dynasty. Following the common way the bibliographic elements of the books were analyzed namely according to the publication place and the publisher. The findings derived from the analysis are summarized as follows; In the Haeinsa the wood-printing plates books are preserved moved from 17 temples such as Bongso-Sa(봉서사), Hago-Sa(하고사), Soksuam(석수암), Inhung-Sa(인흥사), Wonkwang-Sa(월광사), Sinha-Sa(신하사), Gunsyaeng-Sa(군생사), Jangsu-Sa(장수사), Yongtong-Sa(영통사), Wonjok-Sa(원적사), Unjin(은진) SSanggye-Sa(쌍계사), Songsan(성산) SSanggye-Sa(쌍계사), Hungyul-Sa(흥률사), Jongwon-Sa(정원사), Yon-Sa(연사), Gamro-Sa(감로사), Yongguam(영귀암) besides the publications of temples, there are publications of local branches of gangyengdogam(간경도감) such as Jinju(진주), Sangju(진주), Sangju(상주), Andong(안동), of local public agencies such as Gaelimbu(계림부), Dalsunggwan(달성관), and of private families of which 8 titles in the Koryo Dynasty and 13 titles of the Choson Dynasty. Among the "SSanggyae-Sa(쌍계사) publication" held in the Haeinsa, 9 titles including Chimungyonghun(치문경훈) are recklesaly preserved with dividing both in Gap temple(갑사) and in Haeinsa as the same publication. It is possible that other scattered present publications or remaining publications might have been remaining publication from those partly burnt ones of the complete publications. By means of the investigation on the catalogs of publications, 5 titles such as <> <> <> <> <> which are now kept in the Haeinsa moved from the Taegubu(대구부) or Yongyon-Sa(용연사) were newly identified.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2020

This study aimed to examine was conducted to the ability of microclimate control in old pine forests by surveying pine forest in Buddhist temples, where the pine forest are stably growing through active protection in the Gyeongnam region, and comparing variation characteristics of microclimate characteristics (temperature and humidity) and distribution of vegetation type. The study sites were pine forests protected well by Buddhist temples (Haein-sa, Beomeo-sa, Tongdo-sa, and Bulguk-sa) in the southeast region of Korea and thus known for stably growing young pine trees. According to the vegetation distribution status analysis, these pine forests did not have a high ratio of pine trees. Except for Tongdo-sa, the ratio of deciduous forest and mixed (deciduous and pine trees) forest had a much larger presence than that of pine forest. Measured data of microclimate showed that the Tongdo-sa area had significantly different characteristics compared to the other three areas. Tongdo-sa area showed a significantly higher diurnal range of temperatures and humidity than the other three areas, in both spring and summer. It is due to the difference in vegetation management. The forests around Tongdo-sa are mostly pine forests, except for the developed areas, while those in the other three areas have a dominant ratio of deciduous brad-leaved forests. Intensive control of pine forest is not effective in mitigating microclimate, i.e., temperature and air humidity. Stress caused by rising temperatures and decreasing air humidity is blamed for the decline of pine forests. Thus, the current active management of pine forests, such as the Tongdo-sa case, has been found to have a greater negative impact on the temperature and humidity stress. Therefore, we believe that a new change in forest management is necessary to increase the effect of mitigating the microclimate of pine forests.