• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.140-145
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• 2017

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is sometimes associated with infective endocarditis (IE). Bartonella endocarditis is difficult to diagnose because it is rare and cannot be detected by blood culture. This is the first report of cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive subacute endocarditis-associated GN caused by Bartonella infection in South Korea. A 67-year-old man was hospitalized due to azotemia. He complained of weight loss and anorexia for 6 months. A diagnosis of IE was made based upon echocardiographic detection of vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves and a Bartonella antibody titer of 1:2,048. Renal histology identified focal crescentic GN. Azotemia and proteinuria improved after doxycycline and rifampin treatment combining with steroid therapy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2015

Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) viruses cause vector-borne diseases. In this study, inactivated Akabane virus (AKAV)+Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) vaccines with or without recombinant vibrio flagellin (revibFlaB) protein were expressed in a baculovirus expression system to measure their safety and immunogenicity. Blood was collected from mice, guinea pigs, sows, and cattle that had been inoculated with the vaccine twice. Inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine induced high virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titer against AKAV and BEFV in mice and guinea pigs. VNA titers against AKAV were higher in mice and guinea pigs immunized with the inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine than in animals inoculated with vaccine containing revibFlaB protein. Inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine elicited slightly higher VNA titers against AKAV and BEFV than the live AKAV and live BEFV vaccines in mice and guinea pigs. In addition, the inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine was safe, and induced high VNA titers, ranging from 1 : 64 to 1 : 512, against both AKAV and BEFV in sows and cattle. Moreover, there were no side effects observed in any treated animals. These results indicate that the inactivated AKAV+BEFV vaccine could be used in cattle with high immunogenicity and good safety.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.174-196
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effect of Samulbyulgapchoengpitang(SB) and one herb added(SBA) on anti-tumor and immune response, the author performed this experimental study, Tumor weight(TW), mean survival days(MSD) and body weight(BW) in vivo, natural killer cell activity(NKCA). rosette forming cells(RFC), phagoctic activity in recticuloendomethrial system(PA), delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH), hemoagglutinin titer(HA) and hemolysine(HL) in vitro were measured in mice. 1. MSD was prolonged in both of treated groups(SB and SBA) as compared with control group. 2. TW was decreased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 3. BW was increased in both of treated groups and just only in SB with statistical significance as compared with control group. 4. DTH was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 5. HA was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 6. HL was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 7. RFC was increased in both of treated groups and just only in SB with statistical significance as compared with control group. 8. NKCA was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. 9. PA was increased in both of treated groups with statistical significance as compared with control group. According to the above experimental results, it is suggested that SB and SBA will have anti-tumor substance and enhance the effect of immune response. But we have to consider the longtime prescription of SBA because there have been no experiments in its side effect or accumulation in body.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 1998

Hemagglutinin (HA) titers to SRBC were chronologically observed in chickens orally inoculated at 2 days of age with 5 × 105 oocysts of Cwptosporidium bniLeWi. All the infected chickens exhibited negligible HA titers by 44 days postinoculation (Pl) . The titers were elevated as time progressed. and peaked on day 52 Pl, declined gradually thereafter, and eventually reached to normal titers on day 92 Pl. On the contrary, the titers in uninfected chickens were higher in comparison with infected chickens during the experiment. Chickens infected with the protozoa showed normal oocyst shedding profiles during this period. These data suggest that C. bnilewi infection suppress development of humoral immunity to SRBC in chickens. It is possible that impairment of the bursa of Fabricius by cryptosporidiosis rendered chickens vulnerable to other pathogens.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.465-468
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• 2006

A 3-year-old, spayed female Shih-tzu dog was presented due to acute vomiting, diarrhea, and generalized weakness. The dog had generalized weakness, increased respiratory rate, and respiratory muscle effect. Neurologic examination revealed appendicular muscular weakness and decreased in tone of the anal sphincter. Megaesophagus was confirmed by radiographic examinations. Other than type 2 fiber atrophy, no specific abnormalities were identified in histopathologic examinations of muscle biopsies from the left pelvic limb. Serum acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody titer was increased (0.78 nmol/L reference range, less than 0.6 nmol/L), confirming a diagnosis of acute fulminating myasthenia gravis. The dog dramatically responded to pyridostigmine bromide and had marked improvement in muscle strength, megaesophagus, and respiratory function. The dog has been successfully managed for 7 months after initial treatment.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.39.1-39.15
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• 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination may non-specifically alter the host immune system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccination on hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) titer and host immunity in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. Consecutive 2,797 CHB patients who had serial HBsAg measurements during antiviral treatment were included in this study. Changes in the HBsAg levels after COVID-19 vaccination were analyzed. The dynamics of NK cells following COVID-19 vaccination were also examined using serial blood samples collected prospectively from 25 healthy volunteers. Vaccinated CHB patients (n=2,329) had significantly lower HBsAg levels 1-30 days post-vaccination compared to baseline (median, -21.4 IU/ml from baseline), but the levels reverted to baseline by 91-180 days (median, -3.8 IU/ml). The velocity of the HBsAg decline was transiently accelerated within 30 days after vaccination (median velocity: -0.06, -0.39, and -0.04 log₁₀ IU/ml/year in pre-vaccination period, days 1-30, and days 31-90, respectively). In contrast, unvaccinated patients (n=468) had no change in HBsAg levels. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the frequency of NK cells expressing NKG2A, an NK inhibitory receptor, significantly decreased within 7 days after the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine (median, -13.1% from baseline; p<0.001). The decrease in the frequency of NKG2A⁺ NK cells was observed in the CD56^dimCD16⁺ NK cell population regardless of type of COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccination leads to a rapid, transient decline in HBsAg titer and a decrease in the frequency of NKG2A⁺ NK cells.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2005

Avian influenza (AI) virus (AIV) is distributed worldwide and it has been isolated from various species of wild and domestic birds. AI transfers with high speed and shows diverse pathogenicity syndroms. In Korea, several low Pathogenic AIV, H9N2, have been isolated from the commercial farms with severe decrease of egg production and mortality resulted in severe economic loss since 1996. Therefore, it has been requested to develop AI vaccines to prevent clinical signs and economic losses from the field infection of AIV. To develop a killed vaccine that efficiently prevents low pathogenic AIV (H9N2), evaluation on the pathogenicity and selection of an inactivator for H9N2 is taking place and is being tested safety and immunogenicity of vaccine produced. Based on the pathogenicity test and viral reisolation test, the ADL0401 isolate is the characteristic low pathogenic AIVs and has fairly similar biologic functions compared with MS96 which is the official low pathogenic AIV (H9N2) and one of the predominant AIV isolated from poultry farms in Korea. In antigenicity tests, the ADL0401 and MS96 virus have no significant antigenic difference. In inactivation tests, the ADL0401 isolates can be easily inactivated with $0.1\%$ Formalin at $37^{\circ}C$ within 1 hour with a little decrease of HA titer. The vaccine developed in the present report has no harmful effect on bird and forms good immune capability. Therefore, the isolates, ADL0401 can be used for a killed vaccine which can reduce the clinical signs and viral shedding in the birds infected with H9N2 low pathogenic AIVs.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

The worldwide distribution and continuing genetic mutation of avian influenza virus (AIV) has been posed a great threat to human and animal health. A comparison of 3 isolates of AIV H9N2, A/chicken/Korea/KBNP-0028/00 (H9N2) (KBNP-0028), A/chicken/Korea/SNU8011/08 (H9N2) (SNU 8011) and an inactivated oil vaccine strain A/chicken/Korea/01310/01 (H9N2) (01310), was performed. The former 2 AIVs were isolated from field cases before and after the application of an inactivated H9N2 vaccine in 2007, respectively. The antigenic relationship, viral shedding, tissue tropism and genetic analysis were examined. The comparison of virus shedding from the cloaca and the oropharynx revealed that both isolates were more frequently isolated from the upper respiratory tract (90~100%) 1 day post inoculation (DPI) compared with isolation 5 DPI from gastrointestinal tracts (10~60%). Moreover, the isolate KBNP-0028 were recovered from all organs including bone marrow, brain and kidneys, indicating higher ability for broad tissue dissemination than that of SNU 8011. KBNP-0028 replicated earlier than other strains and with a higher titer than SNU 8011. In full-length nucleotide sequences of the NA gene and a partial sequence of the HA gene of SNU 8011, we found that there might be significant changes in tissue tropism, virus replication and genetic mutation in AIV H9N2 isolates.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1996

In order to research the effects of Shipjundaebotang(SDT) and Orostachys Herba(OH) on anti-tumor and immune response, the author performed this experimental study. Experimental groups are divided into five groups, which are solid extract of Orostachys Herba by water(OHW), solid extract of Orostachys Herba by ethanol(OHE), solid extract of Shipjundaebotang (SDT), solid extract of Shipjundaebotang added by solid extract of Orostachys Herba by water(SDT+OHW) and solid extract of Shipjundaebotang added by solid extract of Orostachys Herba by ethanol (SDT+OHE). In these experimental studies, extension of survival days for anti-tumor effect was observed, and de layed type hypersensitivity and rosette forming cell for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin titers and hemolysin titers for humeral immune response, spleenic natural killer cell activity and carbon clearance (K-index) in vitro were measured with mice. The result were summerized as follows: I. SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups were significantly recognized to extend the survival days of tumor bearing mice as compared with the control group. 2. Delayed type hypersensitivity was significantly increased in SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups as compared with control group. 3. Hemagglutinin titer was increasred in all sample groups as compared with control group, but not significantly. 4. Hemolysin titers was significantly increased in SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups as compared with control group, and SDT+OHE treated group showed the increasing effect with significance as compared with the other sample groups. 5. For the effect of roselle forming cell quantitation, SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups showed the increasing effect with significance as compared with control group. 6. Natural killer cell activity was significantly increased in SDT+OHW as compared with comrol group, but the other groups, except OHW and SDT+OHW treated groups, revealed the increasing effect as compared with control group, but the significance was not admitted. 7. For the effect of K-index(Carbon clearance), SDT, SDT+OHW and SDT+OHE treated groups showed the increas ing effect with significance as compared with control group. 8. The study didn't show that Orostachys herba had any significance with survival days, anti-tumor effect and immune re sponse.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2009

In order to systemically investigate the possibility of using coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to deliver foreign genes in vivo, a recombinant strain of CVB3 encoding the renilla gene (CVB3-renilla) was constructed. The recombinant CVB3 resulted in extensive and transient expression of the renilla protein within mouse organs, especially the pancreas. The level of expression was generally dependent upon the viral titer present. Moreover, the CVB3-renilla strain was completely attenuated. Interestingly, the recombinant CVB3 vector was expressed much more strongly in mouse organs than was a comparable adenoviral vector. The CVB3-renilla strain did not express the renilla gene in mice with pre-existing coxsackievirus-specific neutralizing antibodies, but direct organ-specific administration of the virus during open-peritoneum surgery was able to circumvent this immunity. This coxsackievirus vector may represent a useful means for delivering and expressing foreign genes in mouse models in an acute and extensive fashion.