• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate quality attributes of beef patties formulated with dried pumpkin pulp and seed mixture (PM). Four different meatball formulations were prepared where lean was replaced with PM as C (0% PM), P2 (2% PM), P3 (3% PM) and P5 (5% PM). Utilization of PM decreased moisture and increased ash content of the patties. Incorporation of 5% PM (P5) increased the pH value of both uncooked and cooked patties compared to C group. Increasing levels of PM increased water-holding capacity. No significant differences were found in cooking yield and diameter change with the addition of PM. Incorporation of PM increased fat and decreased moisture retention of the samples. $a^*$ values were decreased with PM addition, where $L^*$ values did not differ among treatments and $b^*$ values were similar in C, P3 and P5 samples. Textural properties were mostly equivalent to control samples with the incorporation of PM even at higher concentrations. The addition of PM did not significantly affect any of the sensory scores tested. These results indicated that utilization of PM presents the opportunity to decrease the amount of meat besides to improve healthier profile without causing negative changes in physical, chemical and technological quality of beef patties.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2012

Carbon coils could be synthesized on nickel catalyst layer-deposited silicon oxide substrate using $C_2H_2$ and $H_2$ as source gases under thermal chemical vapor deposition system. By the incorporation of $SF_6$ additive in cyclic modulation manner, the dominant formation of the nanosized carbon coils could be achieved with maintaining the minimized sulfur additive amount. The geometry variation of the as-grown carbon coils, such as linear type, microsized coil type, wavelike nanosized coil type, and nanosized coil type, were investigated according to the different cyclic modulation manner of $SF_6$ flow. $SF_6$ gas incorporation develops the coil-type geometry. Furthermore, the higher flow rate of $SF_6$ gas increased the amount of the nanosized carbon coils. The slightly increased etching ability by $SF_6$ addition seems to be the cause for these results.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제4권S2호
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• pp.69-74
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• 1995

The effects of TCA incorporation during annealing process on the SIMOX quality is studied. Silicon wafers are implanted with heavy dose of oxygen ions, and are annealed at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours. The annealing process is splitted into three conditions due to some differences of low temperature preliminary annealing step which are without pre-annealing step. The specimens are analyzed by several methods, such as AES, XTEM, and TRXFA. TCA incorporation during pre-annealing step is effective in dislocation density reduction and heavy metal content reduction.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.910-923
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• 1994

The effects of individual fatty acids, differing in their degree of unsaturation(18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3) on the biosynthesis and secretion and lipids were investigated in Hep-G2 cells. Synthesis of apolipoprotein was measured by the incorporation of 3H-leucine into apolipoprotein(d<1.21g/ml) and synthesis of lipids was measured by the incorporation of 3H-glycerol and 14C-acetate into various lipid classes. Inclusion of 1.0mM of each fatty acids into the culture medium significantly increased the synthesis of total apolipoprotein and Apo B(p<0.05). However, addition of fatty acid did not affect the synthesis of cellular and medium protein. Among different fatty acids tested, oleic acid had the greatest effect on Apo B synthesis. While stearic, linoleic and linolenic acid, all had similar effects. The secretion of triglyceride into the medium markedly increased in all fatty acid groups being 5-6 times over the albumin control. The triglyceride secretion was the highest int he oleic acid group. The secretion of phospholipid and cholesterol also increased with triglyceride output. A positive relationship existed between the output of lipoprotein-triglyceride and Apo B. Since the synthesis of Apo B was significantly increased when various fatty acids were included into the culture medium, part of the apparently stimulated synthesis of the apolipoprotein may be in response to the increased formation and secretion of lipoprotein lipids.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate rice yield and soil chemical properties affected by incorporation levels of green barley (GB) and hairy vetch (HV). The GB and HV were applied to the pots at 500, 1,000, 1,500, and $2,000kg\;10^{-1}$ (GB500, GB1000, GB1500, GB2000, HV500, HV1000, HV1500, and HV2000, respectively), and inorganic fertilizer ($N-P-K=9-4.5-5.7kg\;10a^{-1}$) treatment as control. After rice harvesting, chemical properties of soil such as pH, OM, T-N, and available $P_2O_5$ in GB and HV treated treatments were improved over those in Control treatment. The rice yield ranged from 433 to $512kg\;10a^{-1}$ for GB treatments and 490 to $532kg\;10a^{-1}$ for HV treatments, indicating that rice yield was affected by incorporation levels of GB and HV. The rice yields in GB2000, HV1000, HV1500 and HV2000 treatments increased by 3.3, 3.1, 6.4 and 7.4% compared with Control treatment, respectively. Therefore, minimum incorporation level of GB and HV for increasing rice yield was $2,000kg\;10a^{-1}$ of GB and $1,000kg\;10a^{-1}$ of HV.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

최근 하천복원 사업은 하천의 이수 및 치수 기능과 함께 생태적 기능을 고려한 방향으로 진행되고 있다. 생태적 건강성과 다양성이 증대된 하천으로의 복원을 위해서는 하천 내 제방과 같은 종적구조물로 의해 차단된 공간에서의 수리수문 연결성 회복이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 차단된 공간에서의 생태적 연결성 분석에 필요한 수리수문자료의 제공을 위한 첫번째 단계로써 강우에 의한 유역유출 및 하도흐름 해석이 동시에 가능한 1차원 수치모형을 개발하였고, 이를 청미천 유역에 적용하였다. 수치해석 결과는 실측 자료 및 타 모형의 수치해석 결과와 비교하였고, 그 결과 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 생태적 변화를 예측할 수 있는 자료의 제공을 위해 장기적인 수리수문분석이 가능하도록 보완될 예정이다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2018

지금까지 추진해 오던 제외지 중심의 하천복원에서 벗어나 최근에는 제내지까지 복원하고자 하는 노력이 시도되고 있다. 이의 일환으로 구하도의 복원이 추진되고 있으나 이로 인한 수리적 연결성 및 생태적 연결성 향상을 정량적으로 평가할 적합한 모형의 개발은 미진한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 구하도 복원을 통한 생태적 연결성 회복을 평가할 수 있는 격자기반의 수리해석 모형을 개발하였다. 본 모형의 적용성을 검토하기 위하여 노탑리 일원의 청미천 하천복원 사업지를 대상으로 수리생태적 연결성을 평가하였다. 본 모형으로 수리 및 생태적 특성의 시 공간적 분포를 신속하고 간단하게 해석할 수 있었으며 향후 수리적 생태적 연결성을 평가하는 적절한 도구로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2012

While attempting to develop low salt, low fat and high fibre chicken nuggets, the effect of partial (40%) common salt substitution and incorporation of chickpea hull flour (CHF) at three different levels viz., 5, 7.5 and 10% (Treatments) in pre-standardized low fat chicken nuggets (Control) were observed. Common salt replacement with salt substitute blend led to a significant decrease in pH, emulsion stability, moisture, ash, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness values while incorporation of CHF in low salt, low fat products resulted in decreased emulsion stability, cooking yield, moisture, protein, ash, color values, however dietary fibre and textural properties were increased (p<0.01). Lipid profile revealed a decrease in total cholesterol and glycolipid contents with the incorporation of CHF (p<0.01). All the sensory attributes except appearance and flavor, remained unaffected with salt replacement, while addition of CHF resulted in lower sensory scores (p<0.01). Among low salt, low fat chicken nuggets with CHF, incorporation CHF at 5% level was found optimum having sensory ratings close to very good. Thus most acceptable low salt, low fat and high fibre chicken nuggets could be developed by a salt replacement blend and addition of 5% CHF.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.585-589
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• 1994

시험관 내에서 T-2 toxin이 병아리 비장세포의 blastogenesis에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, B-cell mitogen인 lipopolysaccharide 및 T-cell mitogen인 concanavalin A 자극에 대해 T-2 toxin의 농도가 증가함에 따라 억제정도가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 노출시기를 달리하여 T-2 toxin을 투여한 병아리의 비장세포에서 mitogen 자극에 내한 반응을 안아 본 결과, 부화하기 전과 후에 계속 T-2 toxin에 노출시킨 실험군은 가장 영향을 많이 받은 것으로 나타났고 부화전 혹은 부화후 어느 한 시기에만 T-2 toxin에 노출된 실험군은 비교적 영향을 적게 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.129-134
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• 1999

4차 암모늄염 촉매 존재하에서 poly(glycidyl methacrylate)[poly(GMA)]에 이산화탄소를 직접 부가시켜 poly[(1,3-dioxolane-2-oxo-4-yl)methyl methacrylate][poly(DOMA)]를 합성하였다. 4차 암모늄염 촉매는 높은 이산화탄소 고정화 효율을 나타내었으며, 양이온의 크기가 클수록, 짝음이온의 친핵성이 강할수록 높은 촉매 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 반응온도가 높을수록 높은 이산화탄소 부가율을 나타내었다. 한편 고압 회분 반응기에서 이산화탄소의 압력변화를 관찰함으로써 실시한 속도론적 고찰 결과 반응속도는 poly(GMA)와 이산화탄소의 농도에 대하여 각각 1차 반응이었고, 이때 반응속도상수 k는 $0.69L/mol{\cdot}h$이었다. DMSO를 용매로 사용한 경우 $80^{\circ}C$에서의 $CO_2$의 Henry 상수 H'는 $6.8{\times}10^{-4}mol/L{\cdot}KPa$로 나타났다.