• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 is a core component of the hSWI/ SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, and it has been implicated in regulating gene expression, cell division and tumorigenesis. We investigated whether INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 functions in activation of the colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) promoter in HeLa cells. Overexpression of INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 promoted CSF1 transcription, and siRNA targeting INI1/hSNF5/ BAF47 (siINI1) strongly inhibited the activity of the CSF1 promoter. We demonstrated that all conserved domains of INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 are needed for CSF1 transcription. ChIP experiment showed that INI1/ hSNF5/BAF47 is recruited to the region of the CSF1 promoter. Taken together, these results indicate that INI1/hSNF5/BAF47 is involved in activation of the CSF1 promoter.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 1975

The molecular and electronic structures of $TiCl(OC_6H_5)_3{\cdot}C_6H_5OH\;and\;Ti(OC_6H_5)_4{\cdot}C_6H_5OH$ have been studied by employing cryoscopic and electronic spectroscopic methods. The cryoscopic data have shown that the dimeric tetraphenoxytitanium(Ⅳ) phenolate in solid undergoes complete dissociation into monomer in solution and also the chlorocomplex starts dissociation around the concentration of 8 m mole/l. Therefore, these two Ti-complexes are pentacoordinated in dilute solution and the local symmetry of the titanium ion in these complexes seems to be trigonalbipyramid. The electronic spectra of $TiCl(OC_6H_5)_3{\cdot}C_6H_5OH$ and $Ti(OC_6H_5)_4{\cdot}C_6H_5OH$ each show two band, systems, one vibration-structural band characteristic of the aromatic ring in the near UV and another visible band at 26.8 kK, 29.6 kK, respectively, which are assigned as a ligand to metal charge transfer band corresponding to $^1A_1''{\to}^1E'\;or\;^1E''$ transition.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2002

Under the cancellation property and the Lipschitz condition on kernels, we prove that the Marcinkiewicz integrals defined on a homogeneous group H are bounded from $H^1$(H) to $L^1$(H), from $L_{c}$ $^{\infty}$(H) to BMO (H), and from $L^{p}$ (H) to $L^{p}$ (H) for 1 < p < $\infty$ assuming the $L^{q}$ -boundedness for some q > 1.for some q > 1.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2011

Decursin was purified from Angelica gigas Nakai, and its effects on the human Kv1.5 (hKv1.5) currents were recorded in mouse fibroblasts ($Ltk^-$ cells) by whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Decursin inhibited hKv1.5 current in a concentration-dependent manner, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $2.7\;{\mu}M$ at +60 mV. Decursin accelerated the inactivation kinetics of the hKv1.5 channel, and slowed the deactivation kinetics of the hKv1.5 current, resulting in a tail crossover phenomenon. Also, decursin inhibited the hKv1.5 current in a use-dependent manner. These results strongly suggest that decursin is a kind of open-channel blocker of the hKv1.5 channel.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 1996

The $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR signals of (20R)-panaxadiol and (20R)-panaxatriol were completely assigned by the extensive application of modern 2D-NMR techniques, $^1H-^1H$ COSY, HMQC and HMBC.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1221-1244
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• 2020

In this paper we consider L_K-conjecture introduced in [5, 6] for hypersurface Mⁿ in space form Rⁿ⁺¹(c) with three principal curvatures. When c = 0, -1, we show that every L₁-biharmonic hypersurface with three principal curvatures and H₁ is constant, has H₂ = 0 and at least one of the multiplicities of principal curvatures is one, where H₁ and H₂ are first and second mean curvature of M and we show that there is not L₂-biharmonic hypersurface with three disjoint principal curvatures and, H₁ and H₂ is constant. For c = 1, by considering having three principal curvatures, we classify L₁-biharmonic hypersurfaces with multiplicities greater than one, H₁ is constant and H₂ = 0, proper L₁-biharmonic hypersurfaces which H₁ is constant, and L₂-biharmonic hypersurfaces which H₁ and H₂ is constant.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.550-555
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• 2012

TRPA1 and TRPV1 are members of the TRP superfamily of structurally related, nonselective cation channels. TRPA1 and TRPV1 are often co-expressed in sensory neurons and play an important role in somatosense such as cold, pain, and irritants. The first leaves of Kalopanax pictus Nakai (Araliaceae) have long been used as a culinary ingredient in Korea because of their unique chemesthetic flavor. In this study, we observed the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ response to cultured cells expressing human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) and human TRPV1 (hTRPV1) by $Ca^{2+}$ imaging analysis to investigate the ability of the first leaves of K. pictus to activate the hTRPA1 and hTRPV1. An 80% ethanol extract of K. pictus (KPEx) increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx in a response time- and concentration-dependent manner via either hTRPA1 or hTRPV1. KPEx-induced response to hTRPA1 was markedly attenuated by ruthenium red, a general blocker of TRP channels, and HC-030031, a specific antagonist of TRPA1. In addition, the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ influx attained with KPEx to hTRPV1 was mostly blocked by ruthenium red, and capsazepine, a specific antagonist of TRPV1. These results indicate that KPEx selectively activates both hTRPA1 and hTRPV1, which may provide evidence that the first leaves of K. pictus primarily activate TRPA1 and TRPV1 to induce their unique chemesthetic sense.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 1989

The spectra of the $Co^{II}CyDTA$(CyDTA: cyclohexyldiaminetetraacetic acid) complex have been measured in aqueous solution of pH = 6-13.2. The red shift of the spectrum in the more basic solution was ascribed to the transformation of $CoCyDTA^{2-}$ into $CoCyDTA(OH)^{3-}$. The equilibrium constant, $K_{OH} = [CoCyDTA(OH)^{3-}]/[CoCyDTA^{2-}][OH^-]$ was $75M^{-1}$ at $40^{\circ}C$. The electron transfer reactions of $CoCyDTA^{2-}$ and $CoCyDTA(OH)^{3-}$ with $Fe(CN)_6^{3-}$ have been studied using spectrophotometric technique in the range of pH applied to the determination of equilibrium constant. The pseudo first-order rate constants observed ($k_{obs}$) were not changed upto pH = 10.8, but increased with increasing pH in the range of pH = $10.8{\sim}13.0$. The rate law reduced in the range of pH = 6-13 was $k_{obs} = (k_3[CoCyDTA^{2-}] + k_4[CoCyDTA(OH)^{3-}])/(1+K_1[CoCyDTA^{2-}])$. The rate constants of the reactions (3a) and (3b), $k_3$ and $k_4$ respectively have been determined to be 0.529 and $4.500M^{-1}sec^{-1}$ at $40^{\circ}C$. The activation entropies (147{\pm}1.1JK^{-1} mol^{-1}$ at pH = 10.8) and activation volumes $(6.25cm^3mol^{-1}, pH = 10.8)$ increased with increasing pH, while the activation enthalpy (12.44 ${\pm}$ 0.20 kcal/mole) was independent of pH. Using the pH effect on the rate constants, the activation entropies and the activation volumes, the mechanism of the electron transfer reaction for $Co^{II}-Fe^{III}$ system was discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.773-782
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• 2019

Cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells have a unique gene expression profile that is frequently accompanied by senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHFs). Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) downregulation can induce trimethylation of histone H3 Lys 9 (H3K9me3) and SAHFs formation by activating SUV39h1. Here, we present evidence that the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-reactive oxygen species-p53 pathway is necessary for CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3 and SAHFs formation. CK2 downregulation promotes SUV39h1 stability by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation in a p53-dependent manner. Moreover, the dephosphorylation status of Ser 392 on p53, a possible CK2 target site, enhances the nuclear import and subsequent stabilization of SUV39h1 by inhibiting the interactions between p53, MDM2, and SUV39h1. Furthermore, $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$ is required for CK2 downregulation-mediated H3K9me3, and dephosphorylation of Ser 392 on p53 is important for efficient transcription of $p21^{Cip1/WAF}$. Taken together, these results suggest that CK2 downregulation induces dephosphorylation of Ser 392 on p53, which subsequently increases the stability of SUV39h1 and the expression of $p21^{Cip1/WAF1}$, leading to H3K9me3 and SAHFs formation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Novel influenza A (H1N1) is a newly emerged flu virus that was first detected in April 2009. Unlike the avian influenza (H5N1), this virus has been known to be able to spread from human to human directly. Although it is uncertain how severe this novel H1N1 virus will be in terms of human illness, the illness may be more widespread because most people will not have immunity to it. In this study, we compared the codon usage bias between the novel H1N1 influenza A viruses and other viruses such as H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes to investigate the genomic patterns of novel influenza A (H1N1). Totally, 1,675 nucleotide sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of influenza A virus, including H1N1 and H5N1 subtypes occurring from 2004 to 2009, were used. As a result, we found that the novel H1N1 influenza A viruses showed the most close correlations with the swine-origin H1N1 subtypes than other H1N1 viruses, in the result from not only the analysis of nucleotide compositions, but also the phylogenetic analysis. Although the genetic sequences of novel H1N1 subtypes were not exactly the same as the other H1N1 subtypes, the HA and NA genes of novel H1N1s showed very similar codon usage patterns with other H1N1 subtypes, especially with the swine-origin H1N1 influenza A viruses. Our findings strongly suggested that those novel H1N1 viruses seemed to be originated from the swine-host H1N1 viruses in terms of the codon usage patterns.