• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics, such as volume, pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the semen collected from Beagle dogs (age $24{\sim}48$ months, weight $10{\sim}15\;kg$) by using the method of digital manipulation of the penis, and the effect of preservation temperature and time on motility of fresh semen. Multiple ejaculates were collected from 4 male Beagles. The average volume, pH, motility and sperm concentration of the second fraction (contained with small volume of the third fraction) per ejaculation were $2.94{\pm}0.24(SD)\;ml$, $6.43{\pm}0.42(SD)$, $97.04{\pm}3.50(SD)%$ and $1.67{\pm}0.23(SD){\times}10^8\;cells/ml$, respectively. Average semen volume per ejaculate, semen pH, sperm motility and sperm concentration of the first fraction from the ejaculate were $1.24{\pm}0.20(SD)\;ml$, $6.03{\pm}0.26(SD)$, $1l.30{\pm}4.02(SD)%$ and $7.25{\pm}1.02(SD){\times}10^5\;cells/ml$. Those of second fraction were $2.52{\pm}0.32(SD)\;ml$, $6.32{\pm}0.31(SD)$, $96.25{\pm}3.52(SD)%$ and $2.35{\pm}0.35(SD){\times}10^8\;cells/ml$. Those of third fraction were $2.71{\pm}0.27\;(SD)\;ml$, $6.52{\pm}0.20(SD)$, $95.65{\pm}2.78(SD)%$ and $5.72{\pm}0.29(SD){\times}10^7\;cells/ml$. Motility of semen was higher at $17^{\circ}C$ preservation temperature than $5^{\circ}C$ or $36^{\circ}C$ during preservation period. When preservation temperature was $17^{\circ}C$, motility was $96.54{\pm}2.05(SD)%$ at 1 h, $90.20{\pm}3.90(SD)%$ at 6 h, $89.05{\pm}2.01(SD)%$ at 12 h, $78.21{\pm}3.50(SD)%$ at 18 h, $45.24{\pm}6.25\;(SD)%$ at 24 h and $30.75{\pm}17.24(SD)%$ at 30 h, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.325-333
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• 1992

난지(暖地) 세립질(細粒質) 2모작(毛作) 논에서 유기물(有機物)(볏짚, 퇴비(堆肥), 밀짚) 장기연용시(長期連用時)(14.28년(年)) 토양이화학성의 실태와 지력질소(地力窒素) 발현양상 그리고 작물(作物)(수도(水稻), 옥수수)의 질소 흡수(吸收)와의 관계에 대해서 조사분석(調査分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 유기물연용(有機物連用)에 의(依)해 작토시(作土尸)이 깊어지고 용적밀도(容積密度)의 감소(減少), 공극률(孔隙率)의 증가, 고상률(固相率)의 저하(低下), 기상률(氣相率)의 증가가 인정(認定)되었음. 2. 유기물연용(有機物連用)에 의(依)해 전탄소(全炭素)의 년간(年間) 평균증가량은 1~14년간(年間) 볏짚연용시(連用時) 0.0371%, 퇴비(堆肥)는 0.0407%였으나 15~28년(年) 볏짚연용(連用)은 0.0007%, 퇴비(堆肥)는 0.014%였다. 그리고 전질소함량(全窒素含量)은 1~14년간(年間) 볏짚연용시(連用時) 0.0025%, 퇴비(堆肥)는 0.0038%였고, 15~28년간(年間) 볏짚연용(連用)은 0.0014%, 퇴비(堆肥)는 0.0024%가 증가하였음. 3. 유기물연용(有機物連用)에 의(依)해 암모니아 아미드태질소(態窒素)는 밀짚28년연용(年連用), 아미노당태질소(糖態窒素)는 퇴비(堆肥)28년연용(年連用) 그리고 아미노산태질소(酸態窒素)는 볏짚14, 28년연용(年連用), 미동정질소(未同定窒素)는 관행(慣行)에서 높았음. 4. 담수배양(湛水培養) 온도별(溫度別) 가급태질소(可給態窒素) 발현량은 $30^{\circ}C>25^{\circ}C$=포장매설온도(圃場埋設溫度)의 경향(傾向)을 보였으나 시약추출법(試藥抽出法)보다 발현양이 적었음. 5. 작물(作物)(수도(水稻), 옥수수)의 질소흡수량(窒素吸收量)은 담수배양법(湛水培養法)과 시약추출법중(試藥抽出法中)에서 M/15인산완충액(燐酸緩衝液)(pH7.0)으로 추출(抽出)한 가급태질소량(可給態窒素量)과의 상관관계가 높았음. 6. 백미(白米)의 수량(收量)은 관행(慣行)에 비(比)하여 볏짚28년연용(年連用)에서 17%, 퇴비(堆肥)28년연용(年連用)12%, 볏짚14년연용(連用) 11%, 밀짚28년연용(年連用) 7%가 증가되었음.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.298-308
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• 2009

제주도내 된장 가공업체에서 제조된 전통된장의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분의 함량은 각각 37.33~47.43%, 11.06~14.28%, 0.08~0.53%, 12.75~15.97%로 나타났다. 된장제품의 pH는 4.82~5.12, 산가는 17.84~27.55 mg/g, 염도는 10.66~13.91%, 아미노산성 질소함량은 301.06~573.89 mg%을 보였다. 제주 전통된장은 유기산 중에서 lactic acid의 함량이 가장 높았다. 총당 함량은 4.21~24.19 mg/g으로 전화당인 fructose와 glucose 함량은 0.68~6.21 mg/g와 0.81~10.44 mg/g의 범위를 나타내었다. 총 지방산중에 필수지방산인 linoleic acid의 비율이 61.54~66.79%로 높았다. 된장의 구성아미노산은 모두 17종이 검출되었으며, 구성 아미노산의 총 함량은 시료간에 13.89~16.46%의 범위를 보였다. 제주 전통된장의 isoflavone의 함량은 274.87~451.49 mg/kg으로 시료간에 다양한 범위를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 된장의 제조에 사용된 콩의 품종, 발효기간, 발효미생물, 제조방법 등에 차이에 기인한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.28-44
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• 1995

밭토양중 myclobutanil의 분해성과 이 농약이 토양미생물상에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 살균 ${\cdot}$ 비살균토양과 수분함량, 토양 pH, 토양 온도, 약제처리농도, 토양종류 및 실내 ${\cdot}$ 포장토양등의 조건에 따라 myclobutanil을 처리한후 경시적으로 토양을 채취하여 농약잔류량과 토양미생물수를 조사하였는바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 회귀식에서 구한 분해반감기로 본 myclobutanil의 분해속도는 살균토양에서보다 비살균토양에서, 실내실험에서보다 포장실험에서, 20ppm처리보다 10ppm처리에서, 그리고 미사질양토에서보다 식양토에서 각각 3.9배, 1.6배, 1.4배 그리고 1.2배 정도 빨랐다. 토양 pH의 차이에 따른 myclobutanil의 분해속도는 pH 9에서 가장 빨랐고 pH 5.5에서 가장 느렸으며, 토양온도의 차이에 따른 myclobutanil의 분해속도는 $27^{\circ}C$ > $37^{\circ}C$ > $17^{\circ}C$ 의 순으로 빨랐고, 토양수분함량별 실험에서 myclobutanil의 분해속도는 차이가 없었다. 살균토양에서의 미생물수는 매우 적었으나 비살균토양에서는 많이 발생되었다. 수분함량, pH, 온도, 처리농도 및 토성의 차이에 따른 myclobutanil의 처리구와 무처리구간의 미생물수를 T-검정한 결과 차이가 나지않았다. 포장실험토양에서 사상균 및 총균수는 myclobutanil 처리구가 무처리구보다 많았으나 실내실험토양에서는 차이가 나지 않았다. Myclobutanil 무처리구내에 있어서 pH, 처리농도, 토성 및 실내.포장조건의 차이에 따른 미생물수는 차이가 나지 않았으나, 포장용수량의 60% 수분함량에서는 40% 수분함량에서 보다 세균이 그리고 토양온도 $17^{\circ}C$에서는 $37^{\circ}C$에서보다 사상균이 각각 많이 발생되었다. Myclobutanil 처리구내에 있어서 pH 및 포장.실내조건의 차이에 따른 미생물수는 차이가 없었으나, 세균과 총균수가 포장용수량의 80%수분함량에서는 40%와 60%수분함량에서보다 많았으며, 방선균의 수는 $17^{\circ}C$에서보다 $27^{\circ}C$에서 그리고 미사질양토에서보다 식양토에서 각각 많았다.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.7-21
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• 2019

The genus Heterocapsa is one of the major dinoflagellate groups, with some of its species having worldwide distributions. However, prior to the present study, the phototrophic species Heterocapsa minima has been reported only from the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Recently, H. minima was found in the Korean waters, and a clonal culture was established. This culture was used to examine the morphology of the Korean strain H. minima HMMJ1604 through light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as for its genetic characterization. Furthermore, to determine the nationwide distribution of H. minima in Korea, its abundance was quantified in the waters of 28 stations in all four seasons in 2016-2018 using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The overall morphology of H. minima HMMJ1604 was very similar to that of the Irish strain H. minima JK2. However, the Korean strain had five pores around the pore plate, whereas the Irish strain had six pores. When properly aligned, the sequences of the large subunit and internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA of the Korean strain were identical to those of the Irish strain. This species was detected in the waters of 26 out of 28 stations, but its abundance was greater than $1.0cells\;mL^{-1}$ at 8 stations. The highest abundance of H. minima was $44.4cells\;mL^{-1}$. Although this species was found in all seasons, its abundance was greater than $1.0cells\;mL^{-1}$ when the water temperature and salinity were $10.9-25.0^{\circ}C$ and 17.5-34.1, respectively. To the best knowledge, the present study reported for the first time that H. minima lives in the Pacific Ocean and is widely distributed in the Korean waters.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2006

이핵 구리 착물(錯物) {[Cu(pmea)Cl][Cu$(H_2O)_3]}Cl_2\cdot H_2O$ (1) (Hpmea=bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino-2-ethanoic acid)을 합성(合成)하고 구조(構造)를 규명(糾明)하였다. 이 착물(錯物)은 단사정계(單斜晶系), 공간군(空間群) $P2_1/c$, a=9.0008(6) ${\AA}$, b=28.0171(19) ${\AA}$, c=8.5590(6) ${\AA}$, $\beta$=104.2280(10)$^{\circ}$, V=2092.2(2) ${\AA}^3$, Z=4로 결정화(決定化) 되었다. 착물(錯物) 1의 결정구조(結晶構造)는 대칭(對稱)-반대칭(反對稱) carboxylate 다리로 연결(連結)된 이핵 착물(錯物)로서, 각각(各各) 구리원자의 배위환경(配位環境)은 고천(若千) 일그러진 사각뿔구조(構造)와 고천(若干) 일그러진 사각평면구조(構造)를 갖는다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the intentions and influencing factors of intentions to care for New Influenza A ($H_1N_1$) patient Methods: This study involved a descriptive design using self-administered questionnaire. Intentions to care for H1N1 patient was evaluated by prediction tool, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with a Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: The level of intention was high, attitude was negative, subjective norm was high, and perceived behavioral control was moderate. The general regression model with intention as a dependent variable was statistically significant (F=39.31, p<.001). 28.1% of variance in intention was explained by subjective norm (t=8.75, p<.001), and perceived behavioral control (t=4.28, p<.001). Among the predictors, subjective norm had the greatest effect on intention (${\beta}=.44$). The nurse with the higher subjective norm and more positive perceived behavioral control reported the higher intention. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that the various aspects of nurse's characteristics should be considered when establishing strategies to improve the nurse's intention for care of infectious disease.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2011

In this study, a series of experiments was conducted on the relative degradation of commonly known endocrine-disrupting compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA) and $17{\alpha}$-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) in a single-component aqueous solution using 28 and 580 kHz ultrasonic reactors. The experiments were conducted with three different types of model water: deionized water (DI), synthetic brackish water (SBW), and synthetic seawater (SSW) at pH 4, 7.5, and 11 in the presence of inert glass beads and humic acids. Significantly higher sonochemical degradation (93-97% for BPA) occurred at 580 kHz than at 28 kHz (43-61% for BPA), regardless of water type. A slightly higher degradation was observed for EE2 compared to that of BPA. The degradation rate of BPA and EE2 in DI water, SBW, and SSW after 30 min of ultrasound irradiation at 580 kHz increased slightly with the increase in pH from 4 (0.073-0.091 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.081-0.094 $min^{-1}$ for EE2) to 7.5 (0.087-0.114 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.092-0.124 $min^{-1}$ for EE2). In contrast, significant degradation was observed at pH 11 (0.149-0.221 $min^{-1}$ for BPA and 0.147-0.228 $min^{-1}$ for EE2). For the given frequencies of 28 and 580 kHz, the degradation rate increased in the presence of glass beads (0.1 mm and 25 g) for both BPA and EE2: 0.018-0.107 $min^{-1}$ without beads and 0.052-0.142 $min^{-1}$ with beads for BPA; 0.021-0.111 $min^{-1}$ without beads and 0.054-0.136 $min^{-1}$ with beads for EE2. A slight increase in degradation of both BPA and EE2 was found as the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC, humic acids) increased in both SBW and SSW: 0.107-0.115 $min^{-1}$ in SBW and 0.087-0.101 $min^{-1}$ in SSW for BPA; 0.111-0.111 $min^{-1}$ in SWB and 0.092-0.105 $min^{-1}$ in SSW for EE2. After 30 min of sonicating the humic acid solution, DOC removal varied depending on the water type: 27% (3 mg $L^{-1}$) and 7% (10 mg $L^{-1}$) in SBW and 7% (3 mg $L^{-1}$) and 4% (10 mg $L^{-1}$) in SSW.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2008

The wood-pulp is treated with the three enzymes; Endo-xylanase, exo-xylanase and acetyl-esterase. The maximum value of relative activity appeared 0.95 in acetyl-esterase at $40^{\circ}C$, 0.9 in exo-xylanase at $40^{\circ}C$, and 0.8 in endo-xylanase at $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. And it has measured 0.8 in endo-xylanase, 0.95 in acetyl-esterase at pH 6 and 0.9 in exo-xylanase at pH 5, while the maximum value of relative activity does not rely on reaction time for three enzymes treatment, and the value was about 0.9, respectively. We have watched that decreased Kappa number and increased brightness. And it turned out that the three enzyme produced a lot of reducing sugar with wood-pulp treatment.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1985

The results of the conducted experiment obtained basic data on seed germination for Phragmites communis and Atriplex gmelini were; Seed germination was not influenced till 0.5% NaCl, but at over 1.0% NaCl it dropped remarkably. The germination limit fro degree of NaCl was 2.0% in Phragmites communis. Atriplex gemelini was 2.5% and in accordance with the increase of the degree of NaCl. Germination speed showed a negative correlation being highly significant and the germination period lengthened. Compared with growing top plants, growth of roots was largely influenced by a high degree of NaCl. In accordance with the rise of temperature, the germination rate, and speed of both plants remarkably increased and the germination period was shortened. Ubride of Atriplex gmelini was germinated at the early days of picking but was not as the passing of the period. The seeds also did not germinated likewise Ubride. By a seedcoat breaking germination became 81%. During 20 min soaking treatment in conc H2SO4 seed germination possibility of 63% was known to be hard. Adequate soaking time in conc H2SO4 was 17.5 min.