• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.143-160
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• 2001

최근 들어 무선인터넷 및 모바일 컴퓨팅 기술의 급속한 발전과 함께 향후 그 수요가 폭발적으로 증대될 것으로 예상되는 분야가 위치기반서비스(LBS, Location Based Service) 기술이다. 이동통시산업이 발달한 미국 및 유럽의 선진국에서는 지난 수년에 걸쳐 지속적으로 축적되어 온 정보기술을 통하여 현재 수많은 LBS 관련 기술개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 1999년 미국의 FCC(미연방통신위원회)는 무선 E119 규칙을 제정하였는데, 이 규칙은 LBS를 주목하게 한 결정적인 계기가 되었다. FCC는 미국내의 망 사업자들이 2001년 10월까지 이동전화 사용자가 응급 호출(911)을 하였을 때 67%는 100M 이내의 위치오차로, 95%는 300M 이내의 위치오차로 응급호출자의 위치정보를 제공해야 한다는 규정을 제정했다. 이때부터 각종 관련 회사들이 생겨나기 시작했으며, 사람들이 LBS에 관심을 가지기 시작하였다. 국내에서도 이동통신사업자 및 IMT-2000 사업자를 중심으로 LBS 도입을 적극 준비하고 있는 상황이다. 그러나 위치정보라는 것은 오래 전부터 사람들이 알고있던 사항이다. 이미 GPS라는 것을 이용하여 국방분야, 환경분야, 교통 및 물류 분야에서 많이 활용되고 있었기 때문이다. 그런데 왜 같은 위치정보를 활용하는 분야인데 LBS는 이토록 많은 관심을 불러일으키는가? 그것에 대한 답변은 바로 위치정보가 이동통신망과 연결되면서 대중적이고 일반적인 서비스가 가능해졌기 때문이다. 특히, LBS는 GIS가 정보통신 기술과 융합되면서 앞으로 추구해야 할 차세대 정보기술 분야라는 점에서 그 의미는 더 크다고 할 수 있다. 평균(平均) 0.322였다. 그리고 RaA를 모핵종(母核種)으로 가정(假定)했을 때 각핵종간(各核種間)의 방사평형비(放射平衡比)는 대개 $C_1>C_2>C_3$인 것으로 나타났다. 여기서 $C_1,\;C_2$ 및 $C_3$는 각각 RaA, RaB 및 RaC의 농도(濃度)를 나타낸다.0cm 깊이에서는 Pythium균(菌)과 Fusarium균(菌)을 제외(除外)하고 모두 14일간(日間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 6. 최고(最高)에 달(達)했다가 최저(最低)에 이르는 온도(溫度)의 반복적(反復的)인 파동(波動)이 있는 것에서 없는 것보다 단시간(短時間)에 사멸(死滅)하였다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)에서 볼 때 하기고온기(夏期高溫期)의 재배(栽培) 휴한기(休閑期)에 PVC film을 사용(使用)하여 하우스를 밀폐(密閉)하거나 턴널을 만들어서 태양열(太陽熱)을 이용(利用)한 토양소독(土壤消毒)의 가능성(可能性)이 충분(充分)히 있는 것으로 생각된다.종합적(綜合的)으로 볼 때, diazinon 과 decamethrin의 처리(處理)는 포장(圃場)에서 벼멸구의 산란력(産卵力)과 성충수명을 증대(增大)시키고, 식이활동(食餌活動)을 촉진(促進)함으로서 벼멸구의 resurgence를 유발(誘發)하고 아울러 수도체(水稻體)의 hopperbun을 가속화시킬 가능성(可能性)이 있음을 알 수 있었다.는 점차 약하여 졌으나 catalase, invertase는 그 활성도가 일단 숙성중기에 높아졌다가 낮아졌다.n 이 pH 4.2이고 temperature는 $60^{\circ}C$이었다. 그리고

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2016

Background: Previous numerous studies on watershed scale demonstrated that the constructions of upper dams may influence the below dams due to modifications of flow regime and nutrient inputs. Little is known about how the dam constructions influence the downstream lakes or reservoirs in the regional scale. This study demonstrates how the construction of upper dam (i.e., Yongdam Dam) influences nutrient regime, trophic relations, and empirical models in Daechung Reservoir (DR). Yongdam Dam was constructed at the upstream region of DR in year 2000. Results: The analysis of hydrological variables showed that inflow and discharge in the DR were largely reduced after the year 2000. The construction of upper dam construction also resulted in increases of water temperature, pH and conductivity (as an indicator of ionic content) in the DR. Empirical models of TP-CHL and N:P ratio-CHL suggested that stronger responses of CHL to the phosphorus were evident after the upper dam construction, indicating that algal production at a unit phosphorus increased after the upper dam construction. Mann-Kendall tests on the relations of N:P ratios to TN showed weak or no relations ($t_{au}=-0.143$, z = -0.371, p = 0.7105) before the dam construction, while the relation of N:P ratios to TP showed strong in the periods of before- ($t_{au}=-0714$, z = -2.351, p = 0.0187) and after the construction ($t_{au}=-0.868$, z = -4.270, p = 0.0000). This outcome indicates that TP is key determinant on N:P ratios in the reservoir. Scatter Plots on Trophic State Index Deviations (TSIDs) of "TSI(SD) - TSI(CHL)" against "TSI(TP) - TSI(CHL)" showed that the dominance of clay turbidity or light limitation was evident before the upper dam construction [TSI(TP) - TSI(CHL) > 0 and TSI(SD) - TSI(CHL) > 0] and phosphorus limitation became stronger after the dam construction [(TSI(TP) - TSI(CHL) < 0 and TSI(SD) - TSI(CHL) > 0]. Conclusions: Overall, our analysis suggests that the upper dam construction modified the response of trophic components (phytoplankton) to the nutrients or nutrient ratios through the alteration of flow regime, resulting in modifications of ecological functions and trophic relations in the low trophic levels.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.403-416
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the food functional properties and in vitro bioactivity of vacuum freeze-dried fish roe concentrates (FRCs) prepared from Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma (AP), bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus (BH) and skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis (ST). All three species showed better buffering capacity on the alkaline side (pH 10-12) than on the acidic side. The water-holding capacities of the FRCs were 3.5, 8.5 and 4.2 g/g protein for AP, BH and ST, respectively, and were significantly higher than that of commercial egg white. The protein solubilities of the FRCs were 42.5% (AP), 50.0% (BH) and 13.9% (ST). The foaming capacities of the FRCs were not significantly different among the species (128.0% for AP, 128.3% for BH, and 143.3% for ST; P>0.05), and their foam stability was maintained at 53.0-74.2% for 60 minutes. The oil-in-water emulsifying activity indexes of AP and BH (19.5 and 20.2 ㎡/g protein, respectively) were significantly superior to that of ST (P<0.05). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothia-zoline-6-sulfonic acid radical-scavenging activities (IC₅₀, mg/mL) of the FRCs were in the ranges of 1.05-3.26 and 0.13-0.18 mg/mL, respectively, and the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity was in the range of 0.97-1.89 mg/mL.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was examined the measurement error factor on AMARES of jMRUI method for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) quantitative analysis by skilled and unskilled observer method and identified the reason of independent observers. The Point-resolved spectroscopy sequence was used to acquired magnetic resonance spectroscopy data of 10 weeks male Sprague-Dawley rat liver. The methylene protons ($(-CH_{2-})n$) of 1.3 ppm and water proton ($H_2O$) of 4.7 ppm ratio was calculated by LCModel software for using the reference data. The seven unskilled observers were calculated total lipid (methylene/water) using the jMRUI AMARES technique twice every 1 week, and we conducted interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistical analysis by SPSS software. The inter-observer reliability (ICC) of Cronbach's alpha value was less than 0.1. The average value of seven observer's total lipid ($0.096{\pm}0.038$) was 50% higher than LCModel reference value. The jMRUI AMARES analysis method is need to minimize the presence of the residual metabolite by identified metabolite MRS profile in order to obtain the same results as the LCModel.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2005

The replacement of dental restorations due to secondary caries is a continuing problem in restorative dentistry. The secondary caries can be partly prevented by using fluoride containing dental materials such as glass ionomer cement, which releases and be recharged with fluoride ion acting as a fluoride reservoir. For the purpose of investigating the behaviors of fluoride release and recharge of conventional and high viscosity glass ionomer cements, the experiment was performed on the seven specimens each from 4 kinds of materials ; 1 kind of conventional glass ionomer cement, 2 kinds of high viscosity glass ionomer cements and 1 kind of composite resin. The amount of fluoride release was measured over 7 days with pH/ion meter and fluoride specific electrode. After measuring daily fluoride release, the specimens were recharged with 2% NaF solutions for 4 minutes and measured for 3 days with recharging repeated two consecutive times. The results were as follows : 1. Significantly more fluoride was released at first day after recharge in all materials except Z-100. 2. High viscosity glass ionomer cements released more or nearly equal amount of fluoride after recharge compared with the initial release(P<0.05). 3. The fluoride release after recharge with 2% NaF solution was in order of Fuji IX, Ketac Fil, Ketac Molar, Z-100.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.667-676
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• 2017

Abnormal differentiation of muscle is closely associated with aging (sarcopenia) and diseases such as cancer and type II diabetes. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that regulate muscle differentiation will be useful in the treatment and prevention of these conditions. Protein lysine acetylation and methylation are major post-translational modification mechanisms that regulate key cellular processes. In this study, to elucidate the relationship between myogenic differentiation and protein lysine acetylation/methylation, we performed a PCR array of enzymes related to protein lysine acetylation/methylation during C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Our results indicated that the expression pattern of HDAC11 was substantially increased during myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, ectopic expression of HDAC11 completely inhibited myoblast differentiation, concomitant with reduced expression of key myogenic transcription factors. However, the catalytically inactive mutant of HDAC11 (H142/143A) did not impede myoblast differentiation. In addition, wild-type HDAC11, but not the inactive HDAC11 mutant, suppressed MyoD-induced promoter activities of MEF2C and MYOG (Myogenin), and reduced histone acetylation near the E-boxes, the MyoD binding site, of the MEF2C and MYOG promoters. Collectively, our results indicate that HDAC11 would suppress myoblast differentiation via regulation of MyoD-dependent transcription. These findings suggest that HDAC11 is a novel critical target for controlling myoblast differentiation.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-43
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• 1976

The flourite in Hwacheon, Hwanggangri and Keumsan district are major fluorite producing areas in Korea. The fluorite deposits of Hwacheon district are wholly fissure filling hydrothermal veins embedded in Precambrian gneiss and schists and Jurassic granites. Also some fluorite deposits are emplaced in felsite whose age is unknown. Emplacement of most fluorite veins of the district are controlled by EW fracture system. Fluorites are generally accompanied to chalcedonic quartz and also kaolinite, montmorillonite, dickite and calcite in parts. Vertical and lateral mineral zonings are not distinct. The fluorite deposits in the Hwanggangri district are wholly embedded in limestone and other calcareous sediments of Paleozoic Yeongweol Group. Most of the fluorite deposits belong to one of two categories which are steeply. dipping veins and gently dipping replacement deposits adjacent to Late Cretaceous(83-90mys) granite bodies. The strikes of fluorite veins of Hwanggangri district mostly occupy the fractures of $N30^{\circ}-40^{\circ}E$ and $N30^{\circ}-40^{\circ}W$ system. Fluorites are accompanied to calcite, milky quartz, chalcedonic quartz, and also montmorillonite, kaolinite in parts. But in some deposits, scheelite, various sulfide minerals and barite are accompanied. Emplacement of fluorite deposits are largely controlled by lithology and structures of this district. In some deposits fluorite veins gradate to scheelite veins and also telescoping of the mineral zones are found in this district. In the Keumsan district, fissure-filled fluorite veins and replacement deposits are mostly emplaced in limestone of Paleozoic Yeongweol Group, late Cretaceous quartz-porphyry, granite and sandstone. Some deposits are emplaced in Precambrian metasediments. Mineralogy and other characteristics of the deposits in this district is similar to those of Hwanggangri district. Fluid inclusion studies reveal the difference of salinities, $CO_2$ contents of ore fluid and temperatures during fluorite mineral deposition in the these districts. In Hwacheon district, ore-fluids were comparatively dilute brine and low $CO_2$ content. Filling temperatures ranges $104^{\circ}C$ to $170^{\circ}C$. In the Chuncheonshinpo mine, most deeply exploited one in this district, salinitles range 0.5-2. 2wt. % NaCl and filling temperatures range from $116^{\circ}C$ to $143^{\circ}C$. In the Hwanggangri district, ore fluids were complex and filling temperature ranges very widly. In the contact metasomatic fluorite deposits, ore fluid were NaCl rich brines with moderate $CO_2$ content and filling temperatures range from $285^{\circ}C$ to above $360^{\circ}C$. Fluids inclusions in tungsten and sulfide minerals bearing fluorite veins show high $CO_2$ content up to 31wt. %. Filling temperature ranges from $101^{\circ}C$ to $310^{\circ}C$. Fluids inclusions In mainly fluorite bearing veins were more dilute brine and low $CO_2$ contents. Filling temperatures range from $95^{\circ}C$ to $312^{\circ}C$. Filling temperature of fluid inclusions of Keumsan district are between $95^{\circ}C$ and $237^{\circ}C$. Data gathered from geologic, mineralogic and fluid inclusion studies reveal that fluorite mineralization in H wacheon district proceeded at low temperature with dilute brine and low $CO_2$ content. In Hwangganri district, fluorite mineralization proceeded by several pulse of chemically distinct ore fluids and formed the mineralogically different type of deposits around cooling granite pluton which emplaced comparatively shallow depth.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 2020

Irrigation ponds, 'dumbeong', which are artificially constructed water resources for traditional farming, serve as a biological shelter connecting seasonally created rice paddy fields to local freshwater ecosystems. This 2018 study surveyed 143 irrigation ponds in the western Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) area from August to September, revealing species diversity and community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates. A total of 13,454 individuals of macroinvertebrates were captured and classified into 3 phyla, 5 classes, 17 orders, 59 families, 192 species. Among Insecta, the most frequently recorded order was Odonata, 55 spp.(33.7%), followed by Coleoptera, 52 spp. (31.9%), Hemiptera, 34 spp. (20.8%), Diptera, 17 spp. (9.8%), Ephemeroptera, 3 spp. (2.4%), Trichoptera, 1 spp. (0.6%) and Lepidoptera, 1 spp. (0.6%). Taxon of non-Insecta consisted of Mollusca, 14 spp. (48.2%), Annelida, 11 spp. (37.9%) and Arthropoda, 4 spp. (3.4%). The analysis of Diversity Index (H'), Species Richness Index (RI), Dominance Index (DI) and Evenness Index (J') revealed the general stability of communities in the study sites. A total of 28 rare species were found in 98 study sites, including three endangered species designated by the Ministry of Environment. These results showed that the species diversity and rarity of macroinvertebrates in the study area were greater than those of previous research on lentic wetlands (lake, etc.) and national conserved wetlands(Upo-swamp, etc.) in Korea. A conservation planning of aquatic ecosystems in the western CCZ area, therefore, should focus on conservation of irrigation ponds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.126-133
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• 2016

A gene from Actinomyces sp. Korean native goat (KNG) 40 that encodes an endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase, EG1, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) $DH5{\alpha}$. Recombinant plasmid DNA from a positive clone with a 3.2 kb insert hydrolyzing carboxyl methyl-cellulose (CMC) was designated as pDS3. The entire nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open-reading frame (ORF) was deduced. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 684 amino acids. The recombinant EG1 produced in E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ harboring pDS3 was purified in one step using affinity chromatography on crystalline cellulose and characterized. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/zymogram analysis of the purified enzyme revealed two protein bands of 57.1 and 54.1 kDa. The amino terminal sequences of these two bands matched those of the deduced ones, starting from residue 166 and 208, respectively. Putative signal sequences, a Shine.Dalgarno-type ribosomal binding site, and promoter sequences related to the consensus sequences were deduced. EG1 has a typical tripartite structure of cellulase, a catalytic domain, a serine-rich linker region, and a cellulose-binding domain. The optimal temperature for the activity of the purified enzyme was $55^{\circ}C$, but it retained over 90% of maximum activity in a broad temperature range ($40^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$). The optimal pH for the enzyme activity was 6.0. Kinetic parameters, $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of rEG1 were 0.39% CMC and 143 U/mg, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1991

This study was carried out with sardine to develope a new type of fish protein concentrate. Chopped sardine meat was thermally treated in two different ways, autoclaved at $121^{\circ}C$ for 1 min and boiled at $95^{\circ}C$ for 5 min. The heat treated meat was pressed, controlled to PH 7.8 with $3\%$ (w/v) of $NaHCO_3$ and hot-air dried(at $40^{\circ}C$). The dried meat was powdered (50mesh), air and vacuum packed in laminated film bag(PET/AL. foil/CCP) and stored at room temperature for 60 days. The results of product quality analysis are as follows : 1. Proximate contents of moisture, crude lipid and protein of the autoclaved and boiled product were in the range of $10.0{\~}10.2\%,\;9.0{\~}9.1\%$ and $73.8{\~}74.4\%$, respectively. Yields of the both products were $40\%$ and $32.5\%$. 2. Values of emulsion activity, emulsion stability and foam expansion of the autoclaved product were $48.7\%$, $44.1\%\;and\;44.0\%$, respectively. These values were higher than those of boiled product. 3. Water holding capacity and digestibility of the both products were in the range of $5.0{\~}5.3\%$ and $78.0{\~}78.2\%$, respectively.