• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

Sf21 cells become popular as the host permissive cell line to support the baculovirus AcNPV replication and protein synthesis. The cells grow well on TC-100 medium that contains $0.1\%$ D-glucose as the major carbon source, strongly suggesting the presence of endogenous glucose transporters. However, unlike human glucose transporters, very little is known about the characteristics of the endogenoussugar transporter(s) in Sf21 cells. Thus, some kinetic properties of the sugar transport system were investigated, involving the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dG1c). In order to obtain a true measure of the initial rate of uptake, the uptake of $[^3H]2dGlc$ from both low $(100{\mu}M)$ and high (10 mM) extracellular concentrations was measured over periods ranging from 30 sec to30 min. The data obtained indicated that the uptake was linear for at least 2 min at both concentrations, suggesting that measurements made over a 1min time course would reflect initial rates of the jexpse uptake. To determine $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ of the endogenous glucose transporter(s) in Sf21 cells, the uptake of 2dG1c was measured over a range of substrate concentrations $(50{\mu}M\~10mM)$ 2dG1c uptake by the Sf21 cells appeared to involve both saturable and non-saturable (or very low affinity) components. A saturable transport system for 2dG1c was relatively high, the $K_m$ value for uptake being < 0.45 mM. The $V_{max}$ value obtained for 2dG1c transport in the Sf21 cells was about 9.7-folds higher than that reported for Chinese hamster ovary cells, which contain a GLUT1 homologue. Thus, it appeared that the transport activity of the Sf21 cells was very high. In addition, the Sf21 glucose transporter was found to have very low affinity for cytochalasin B, a potent inhibitor of human erythrocyte glucose transporter

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on performance and blood characteristics of broiler chicken in summer. One day-old 648 male commercial broiler chicks(Ross strain) were divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates(12 pens), 41 to 69 birds per pen, to compare the stocking density difference on growth performance and blood characteristics. Birds in T1, T2 and T3 were reared in different size 0.050, 0.066, 0.083 $m^2$/bird floor, respectively. The birds were fed the same experimental diet ad libitum for 5 weeks. Chickens were weekly weighed and one bird was selected from each pen to measure blood characteristics at the end of experiment. Body weight and feed intake increased significantly in low density treatment(T3) compare to that of high density treatment(P<0.05). Feed conversion was significantly improved in customary treatment(T2) relative to that of other treatments(P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in moisture contents of bedding among treatments. In blood characteristics, low density treatment(T3) decreased the total protein, cholesterol and albumin, but were no significant difference. From the result of this study, it could be concluded that the higher stocking density might give more stress to the birds from physical stimuli and thus were harmful environment causing lower productions compared to the lower ones

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.619-627
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• 2021

Cocoa bean husk is an important by-product of the cocoa industry. This study was conducted to measure the changes in the quality characteristics of sausage with added cacao bean husk powder (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%; ascorbic acid 0.2%) at 4℃ for 15 days. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid, DPPH, and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity of sausages increased with the addition of cocoa bean husk powder (p<0.001). As the amount of added cocoa bean husk powder increased, quality deterioration characteristics such as pH increase, redness discoloration, lipid oxidation, protein degradation, and texture change during storage were decreased (p<0.05). In particular, 1% sausage was shown to inhibit TBARS and VBN, similar to ascorbic acid-added sausage. In terms of sensory characteristics, the 0.5 and 1% sausages received the highest score for overall preference. Therefore, we concluded that addition of 1% cocoa bean husks to sausages improved their storage characteristics and palatability.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.118-127
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• 2010

Resistivity logging instruments are designed to measure the electrical resistivity of a formation, and this can be directly interpreted to provide a water-saturation profile. However, resistivity logs are sensitive to borehole and shoulder-bed effects, which often result in misinterpretation of the results. These effects are emphasised more in the presence of tool eccentricity. For precise interpretation of short- and long-normal logging measurements in the presence of tool eccentricity, we simulate and analyse eccentricity effects by combining the use of a Fourier series expansion in a new system of coordinates with a 2D goal-oriented high-order self-adaptive hp finite-element refinement strategy, where h denotes the element size and p the polynomial order of approximation within each element. The algorithm automatically performs local mesh refinement to construct an optimal grid for the problem under consideration. In addition, the proper combination of h and p refinements produces highly accurate simulations even in the presence of high electrical resistivity contrasts. Numerical results demonstrate that our algorithm provides highly accurate and reliable simulation results. Eccentricity effects are more noticeable when the borehole is large or resistive, or when the formation is highly conductive.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.32
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• pp.255-266
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• 1994

This study does present things to suggest to foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation through the empirical study on the standardization level. If we summary this study, it is as follows. In chapter I, we did institute the problems and explain the objects and methods and system of the study. In chapter II, we did explain the universality of the culture and international advertisement. Next, we did explain the background of doing specialization strategy and standardization strategy. Also we did study the previous study about the arguements for and against these. Lsat we did institute the hypothesises as follows. - Hypothesis 1 $H_0$ : The use of westerner appeal means has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 2 $H_0$ : The use of westerner model and knowned has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 3 $H_0$ : The use of the English language has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. - Hypothesis 4 $H_0$ : The use of the west short piece and background has been increased than 11 years before and is able to increase continuously. In chapter III, we did refer to the method of this study. First, we did adjust the measure of standardization index, and we did work coding it, such after the two coder did check the freguency of the appeal meanstype about the advertisement of four daily report. Then we did select eight production as high involvement production and seven production as low involvement. We did test the coder's trust degree on the such sample to be selected through the 't-test' of the SAS statistic program and regression analysis through the spss/$pc^+$ statistic program to approve the this study's hypothesises. In chapter IV, we did analysis the results of the empirical study on the high or low involvement productions. First, the results of t-test to approve the coder's trust degree is that it is same statistically attentionly the distribution of the sample between coder at 10% attention level. Next, the results of the regression analysis on eight hypothesises are as fellows. In case of high involvement production we are able to speak that the use of the English language appeal among the eight appeals is only standardized. And incase of low involvement production, we are able to speak that the use of the hard-sell appeal among the eight appeds is only standardized. Therefore we did conclude that the standardization level of Korea newspaper advertisement is low. Also this suggests that it will do plan and do the specialzation strategy or localization strategy foreign multinational corporation or domestic corporation in Korea newspaper advertisement. In chapter V, we do present the boundary of this study and new study methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.349-354
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• 2000

A use of Titanium alloy as a structural material is increasing lately. Among those titanium alloys, Ti-6A1-4V alloy is the most popular one with taking 2/3 of it's market. Also, Ti-6A1-4V alloy can get the stability of organization and product measure, and the evaluation of the cutting ability and the mechanical characteristics. The point in titanium alloy work is on how treat the heat generated during grinding. Because the heat conductivity of titanium alloy is unnegligibly low, the grinding heat is accumulated in workpiece, and it cause the increasing of grinding grits' wear and the rough grinding surface. So, these characteristics in grinding of titanium alloy will change the mechanical characteristics of the titanium alloy. From this study, the mechanical characteristics of annealed Ti-6A1-4V alloy after grinding was concerned with checking out the bending strength values, and the factor of the change and the difference was analyzed after analyzing the surface roughness and the image from SEM.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.213-224
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• 1994

Several isotopomers of cyclooctanone were prepared by selective deuterium substitution. Intrinsic isotope effects on $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shifts of these isotopomers were investigated systematically at low temperature. These istope effects were discussed in relation to the preferred boat-chair conformation of cyclooctanone. Deuterium isotope effects on NMR chemical shifts have been known for a long time. Especially in a conformationally mobile molecule, isotope perturbation could affect NMR signals through a combination of isotope effects on equilibria and intrinsic effects. The distinction between intrinsic and nonintrinsic effects is quite difficult at ambient temperature due to involvement of both equilibrium and intrinsic isotope effects. However if equilibria between possible conformers of cyclooctanone are slowed down enough on the NMR time scale by lowering temperature, it should be possible to measure intrinsic isotope shifts from the separated signals at low temperature. $^{13}C$ NMR has been successfully utilized in the study on molecular conformation in solution when one deals with stable conformers or molecules were rapid interconversion occurs at ambient temperature. The study of dynamic processes in general requires analysis of spectra at several temperature. Anet et al. did $^1H$ NMR study of cyclooctanone at low temperature to freeze out a stable conformation, but were not able initially to deduce which conformation was stable because of the complexity of alkyl region in the $^1H$ NMR spectrum. They also reported the $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR spectra of the $C_9-C_{16}$ cycloalkanones with changing temperature from $-80^{\circ}C$ to $-170^{\circ}C$, but they did not report a variable temperature $^{13}C$ NMR study of cyclooctanone. For the analysis of the intrinsic isotope effect with relation to cylooctanone conformation, $^{13}C$ NMR spectra are obtained in the present work at low temperatures (up to $-150^{\circ}C$) in order to find the chemical shifts at the temperature at which the dynamic process can be "frozen-out" on the NMR time scale and cyclooctanone can be observed as a stable conformation. Both the ring inversion and pseudorotational processes must be "frozen-out" in order to see separate resonances for all eight carbons in cyclooctanone. In contrast to $^1H$ spectra, slowing down just the ring inversion process has no apparent effects on the $^{13}C$ spectra because exchange of environments within the pairs of methylene carbons can still occur by the pseudorotational process. Several isotopomers of cyclooctanone were prepared by selective deuterium substitution (fig. 1) : complete deuterium labeling at C-2 and C-8 positions gave cyclooctanone-2, 2, 8, $8-D_4$ : complete labeling at C-2 and C-7 positions afforded the 2, 2, 7, $7-D_4$ isotopomer : di-deuteration at C-3 gave the 3, $3-D_2$ isotopomer : mono-deuteration provided cyclooctanone-2-D, 4-D and 5-D isotopomers : and partial deuteration on the C-2 and C-8 position, with a chiral and difunctional case catalyst, gave the trans-2, $8-D_2$ isotopomer. These isotopomer were investigated systematically in relation with cyclooctanone conformation and intrinsic isotope effects on $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shifts at low temperature. The determination of the intrinsic effects could help in the analysis of the more complex effects at higher temperature. For quantitative analysis of intrinsic isotope effects, the $^{13}C$ NMR spectrum has been obtained for a mixture of the labeled and unlabeled compounds because the signal separations are very small.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.243-246
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• 1990

Sixteen mature sheep were fed chaffed orchardgrass hay once a day for 7 days. In 7th day, four sheep were slaughtered either prior to eating, 2, 8 or 16 hours after the commencement of eating to measure digesta pool size and particle size distribution in the reticulo-rumen. One sheep slaughtered at 8 hours after feeding had absesses at the cardia and in the lungs and could not ruminate normally. Time spent eating and rumination in the sheep on the day before slaughtering were 85 and 29 (pseudo-rumination 227) minutes a day, compared to those were 112 and 277 minutes in the other animals, respectively. Total actual chewing time in the sheep with absesses and the other animals were 98 and $373{\pm}132$ minutes, respectively. Dry matter(DM) intake in the sheep was $2.9g/kgBW^{0.75}$ which was only about 17% of that in the other animals. The pool sizes of reticulo-rumen DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were somewhat smaller in the sheep than the others. The pool sizes of large particle (>1.18mm) DM and NDF in the animal were similar with those in the other animals. Mean DM retention time in the sheep was 207.4 hours which was about 4.2 times longer than that in the other animals.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of continuous self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) on glycemic control in diabetic patients. Methods: Among the diabetic patients who visited the department of internal medicine in H hospital from April 1 to October 27 2008, 76 patients were divided into the experimental group (n=39) and control group (n=36). The experimental group was required to measure blood glucose levels at least twice every other day using SMBG; their compliance was aided by weekly telephone reminders for 3 months after discharge. Glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood sugar and postprandial 2 hours glucose level, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein were measured before and after the study. Results: Baseline characteristics were not different between the experimental and control groups. Three months later, there was a significant difference in postprandial glucose between the two groups (t=-2.042, p=.045). Conclusion: There was significant improvement of glycemic control after the use of continuous SMBG, suggesting its value in strict glycemic control and the merit of an aggressive education program.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2008

Binary nanofluids(Binary mixture + nanoparticles) have been extensively paid attention for application in absorption system as a new working fluid. Thermal property evaluation of the new refrigerants is inevitable to apply them for actual system. The objectives of this paper are to measure the thermal conductivity of the binary nanofluids by the transient hot-wire method, and to assess the application possibility of the binary nanofluids for absorption system. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the binary nanofluids ($H_2O/LiBrAl_2O_3$) increased with increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles ($Al_2O_3$) and enhanced up to 27% at 0.1 vol % of the nanoparticles.