• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2005

Influenza is an important public health problem which occurs almost every winter in temperate climates and is often associated with increased rates of hospitalization and death. In 1999, our influenza surveillance was initiated with 4 voluntary sentinel physicians and the Public Health Center. During the 2003-2004 influenza season, 124 influenza viruses were isolated from 401 clinical specimens, which were collected from patients with Influenza-like illness(ILI) in Seoul. The case definition of ILI is a case with fever more than $38^{\circ}C$ and systemic symptoms; cough, or sore throat. ILI was the highest at the 20-49 age $group(23\%)$ and the rate of virus isolation was the highest at the 7-19 age $group(50\%)$. Among 124 influenza viruses, isolates 83 were identified as A/H3N2 type and others were subtyped as influenza B viruses in 2003-2004 season. Influenza viruses were collected $39.1\%$ at Nowon-Gu, $13.5\%$ Gangnam-Gu and Seocho-Gu etc. and the isolate rate of virus had the area difference; Yongsan-Gu $66.7\%$, Gangnam-gu $50.0\%$, Nowon-Gu $39.9\%$, Kangbuk-Gu $36.8\%$, Seocho-Gu $27.8\%$, Dongjak-Gu $21.2\%$. Out of 401 individuals, 160 was vaccinated $(40\%)$ and the vaccination rate was the highest at the 20-49 age $group(32\%)$. These findings may contribute to the recommondation of the influenza vaccine formulation and the development of influenza control measure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.200-213
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• 1993

A model experiment on a midwater rope trawl net which is used in the North Pacific to catch alaska pollack is carried out in the circulating tank to examine the basic efficiency of the net. The prototype is the net used by M/S Hanil(1, 179GT, 2, 700PS), a Korean trawler. The model net was made according to the Tauti's Similarity Law of Fishing Gear in 1/100 scale by considering the condition of the tank. To measure the basic efficiency of the standard model net, the vertical opening and width between some points marked on the net were measured, and the hydrodynamic resistance were determined. Then the constructive conditions of the net were varied as follows and the factors were measured again to compare the efficiency of those nets with that of the standard net(A-1 type) front weight multiplied 1.5 times: A-2 type. buoyancy and depressing force multiplied 1.7 times: A-3 type. front weight multiplied 1.5 times on A-3 type: A-4 type. depressors rigged at ground rope: B type. cod-end stuffed with cashmylon wad: C type. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The vertical opening at the center of head rope was steeply decreased with the flow velocity increasing and the vertical opening H(m) can be expressed in H=1.2v super(-1.2)(v : flow velocity in m/sec). The width of the net varied a little when the flow velocity was over 0.4m/sec, and the width of net mouth showed about 37% of the distance between the fore tips of net pendant. The shape of net mouth was almost a circle at 0.2m/sec and then steeply flatted elliptically with the flow velocity increasing and the area of mouth S(m super(2)) can be expressed in S=(1.65-2.3v)$\times$10 super(-2). The hydrodynamic resistance of the net increased almost linearly with the flow velocity increasing and the resistance R(kg) can be expressed in R=3.2$\times$d/l$\times$abv. where d/l denotes the mean of d(diameter of netting twine) and l(length of a leg in a mesh) from wing tip to the end of bag-net except cod-end on the side pannel, and a denotes the strectched circumference of the net at the fore end of a meshed part and b the stretched length of the whole net from wing tip to the end of cod-end. 2. In the condition-varied nets, the vertical opening of head rope showed some increase in every type net except the C type, and the increase showed the greatest in the B type by 30~54%, whereas it showed decrease in the C type by 5~10%. Variation of the area of net mouth showed almost the same tendency as the vertical opening and the increase showed the greatest in the B type by 20%, whereas it showed decrease in the C type by 12%. Hydrodynamic resistance showed some increase in every type compared with the standard net, and the rate of increase indicated 5~10% in the A-2, A-3 and A-4 type, 22% in the B type and 3% in the C type.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2006

Mock-up model can be applied to measure accurate performance data but difficult to apply the variables in experiment. There can be a slight experiment errors in Scale model, but various parameters can be applied for a objective experiment. This paper aims to compare the daylighting performance in 1, 1/5, 1/10 scale model of offices and analyze the experiment errors to certificate the influence of model experiment. To analyse daylighting performance, a comparison of a Mock-up model, sized $12.0m(w){\times}7.2m(l){\times}3.7m(h)$, designed for experimentation of daylighting systems and its 1:5, 1:10 scale model. It has an identical configuration of reference room and the test room. For the test room, the lightshelf system was designed as Micro-4 reflective material. To assess work plane illuminance and light factor, photometric sensors of each room were installed at work-plane(6 points) and exterior horizontal illuminance (1 point). And luminance of window, rare of the room was measured under clear sky. It is to be monitored by Agilent data logger, photometric sensor Li-cor and the Radiant Imaging ProMetric 1400. Comparisons with a light factor, increase-decrease ratio and luminance are discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1538-1543
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• 2024

The importance of determining the radon exhalation rate from water surface is emphasized by the increased use of radon and its daughter products as tracers in large-scale circulation studies of the atmosphere. There were many methods to measure radon exhalation from water surface. With the development of radon exhalation rate measurement methods and instruments on the surface of the soil, the rock and building materials, so the radon exhalation rate from water surface can be more accurately measured by applying these improved methods and instruments. In this paper, a cuboid accumulation chamber surrounded by foam boards and a RAD7 were used to measure the radon exhalation rate on the water surface at three different positions by Yixin lake. Each measurement was performed 2 h. The radon exhalation rate from the water surface was about 6 × 10^-3 Bq m^-2s^-1. The thoron exhalation rate from the water surface also can be estimated, it is about 0.16 Bq m^-2s^-1. These results hint that the radon transmission from the lake bottom soil to water and then into the atmosphere.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of galangin towards hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage. The calf thymus DNA and Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells were used to measure 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OH2'dG) as an indicator of DNA oxidative damage using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Fe(II) ion induced the formation of 8-OH2'dG in both calf thymus DNA and CHL cells. The DNA damage effects were enhanced by increasing the concentration of Fe(II) ion and inhibited by galangin. In the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet assay), galangin and dl-a-tocopherol showed an inhibitory effect in CHL on hydrogen peroxide induced DNA single strand breaks. Galangin showed more potent activity than dl-$\alpha$-tocopherol under our experimental conditions. These results indicate that galangin can modify the action mechanisms of the oxidative DNA damage and may act as chemopreventive agents against oxidative stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.181-182
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• 2006

When a water jet is injected on the body surface, the pressure and shear stress on the surface are important physical parameters in determining the body surface wash out and physical stimulus. We used the force plate in order to measure the surface average pressure for different nozzle types and distances between a nozzle and a plate. We used the nozzles with a hole dimeter of 1.8, 2.9, 3.2mm, and the shower heads with 10 holes (hole diameter, 1mm) and 20 holes (hole diameter, 1mm). The distances between a nozzle and a plate was 10, 20, 30, 40cm. The results showed that the surface forces were not affected by the distances between a nozzle and a plate. Further numerical studies will be performed to predict wall shear stress based on the measured pressure data.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-depressive effects of BanHaHuBakTang-kami (BHHBT) on an animal model of depression induced by chronic immobility stress. Methods: Mice were treated daily with immobilization stress for 2 hours over a period of 21 days. To examine the effect of BHHBT, we performed behavioral, biochemical and histological analysis to measure immobility time (FST), brain neurotransmitter concentration (HPLC, ELISA), hippocampal damage (H&E staining) and CRF-R1 expression (immunohistochemistry). Results: BHHBT has reduced the immobility time of immobilization stress exposed mice in the forced swimming test. BHHBT has increased the amount of serotonin in the brain. BHHBT has increased the expression level of serotonin in the brain. BHHBT 540 mg/kg were sufficient to prevent tissue damage in the hippocampus region. BHHBT has reduced the expression level of CRF receptors in the hippocampus region. Conclusions: These results suggest that BHHBT may have anti-depressive effects on mice treated with immobilization stress by reducing immobility, increasing brain serotonin concentration and reducing CRF-R1 expression in the hippocampus region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1380-1383
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• 2004

The scanning type XY stage is frequently used these days as precision positioning system in equipment for semiconductor or display element. It is requested higher velocity and more precise accuracy for higher productivity and measuring performance. The position accuracy of general stage is primarily affected by the geometric errors caused by parasitic motion of stage, misalignments such as perpendicular error, and thermal expansion of structure. In the case of scanning type stage, H type frame is usually used as base stage which is driven by two actuators such as linear motor. In the point view of scanning process, the stage is used in moving motion. Therefore, dynamic variation is added as significant position error source with other parasitic motion error. Because the scanning axis is driven by two actuators with two position detectors, 2 dimensional position errors have different characteristic compared to general tacked type XY stage. In this study 2D position error of scanning stage is analyzed by 1D heterodyne interferometer calibrator, which can measure 1D linear position error, straightness error, yaw error and pitch error, and perpendicular error. The 2D position error is evaluated by diagonal measurement (ISO230-6). The yaw error and perpendicular error are compensated on the base stage of scanning axis. And, the horizontal straightness error is compensated by cross axis compensation. And, dynamic motion error in scanning motion is analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 1996

EMA-co-DAMA were synthesized from 2-diethylaminoethyl metacrylate and ethylhexyl metacrylate in acrylmonomer. To facilitate water emulsification, acrylic copolymer was cationized by acetic acid to produce acetated acrylic copolymer. The structures of the synthesized copolymer and acetated copolymers were confirmed by IR, NMR, and molecular weight was measure by GPC, and C.H.N elemental analysis. Acetated acrylic copolymers were perfectly emulsified in water and showed increased emulsion stability. Polymer dispersion for cement modifier[(PDCM-PED) water proof agent of cement for concrete in building construction] was prepared by blending of the guaternized acrylic copolymer syndisized above, sodium silicate, sodium gluconate and oleic acid emulsion. The result with prepared polymer dispersion of cement modifier was examined, and it was found that excellent waterprooffing effect ; Water permeability ratio is 0.50 under the water pressure of $100g/cm^2$ and 0.60 under $3kg/cm^2$, and water absorption ratio is $0.42{\sim}0.50$ and $1.0{\sim}1.02$ compressive strength ratio at mixed of water/PDCM-PED is 50 times.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2000

Nonpotential characteristics of magnetic fields in AR 5747 are examined using Mees Solar Observatory magnetograms taken on Oct. 20, 1989 to Oct. 22, 1989. The active region showed such violent flaring activities during the observational span that strong X-ray flares took place including a 2B/X3 flare. The magnetogram data were obtained by the Haleakala Stokes Polarimeter which provides simultaneous Stokes profiles of the Fe I doublet 6301.5 and 6302.5. A nonlinear least square method was adopted to derive the magnetic field vectors from the observed Stokes profiles and a multi-step ambiguity solution method was employed to resolve the $180^{\circ}$ ambiguity. From the ambiguity-resolved vector magnetograms, we have derived a set of physical quantities characterizing the field configuration, which are magnetic flux, vertical current density, magnetic shear angle, angular shear, magnetic free energy density, a measure of magnetic field discontinuity MAD and linear force-free coefficient. Our results show that (1) magnetic nonpotentiality is concentrated near the inversion line in the flaring sites, (2) all the physical parameters decreased with time, which may imply that the active region was in a relaxation stage of its evolution, (3) 2-D MAD has similar patterns with other nonpotential parameters, demonstrating that it can be utilized as an useful parameter of flare producing active region, and (4) the linear force-free coefficient could be a evolutionary indicator with a merit as a global nonpotential parameter.