• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2000

Partial enteral nutrition (PEN) supplemented with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to neonatal piglets receiving parenteral nutrition increases lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) activity, but not LPH mRNA. The goal of the current study was to investigate the mechanism by which IGF-I up-regulates LPH activity. We hypothesized that IGF-I regulates LPH synthesis post-transcriptionally. Methods: Newborn piglets (n=15) received 100% parenteral nutrition (TPN), 80% parenteral nutrition + 20% PEN (PEN), or PEN + IGF-I (1.0mg/kg/d). On day 7, two stable isotopes of leucine, [$^2 H_3$]-leucine and [$^{13}C_1$]-L-leucine were intravenously administered to measure mucosal protein and brush LPH (BB LPH) synthesis. Results: Weight gain, nutrient intake and jejunal weight and length were similar among the treatment groups. PEN increased mucosal weight, villus width and cross-sectional area, LPH activity, mRNA expression and the abundance of proLPHh compared to 100% TPN (p<0.05). IGF-I further increased mucosal weight, LPH activity and LPH activity per unit BB LPH ~2-fold over PEN alone (p<0.05), but did not affect LPH mRNA or the abundance of proLPHh or mature LPH. Isotopic enrichment of [$^2 H_3$]-leucine and [$^{13}C_1$]-L-leucine in plasma, mucosal protein and LPH precursors, and the fractional and absolute synthesis rates of mucosal protein and LPH were similar among the treatment groups. Total mucosal protein synthesis was increased 60% (p<0.05) and LPH synthesis tended (p=0.14) to be greater in the IGF-I treated animals compared to the other two groups. Conclusions: The primary mechanism by which IGF-I up-regulates LPH may be post-translational, either via reducing LPH turnover, or by specifically altering LPH activity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

Objective : This study verifies the effects of sensory integrative (SI) therapy on vestibular- and proprioceptive sensory (BPS) processing ability of a child with Asperger Syndrome (AS). Method : A boy who is 11 years and 2 months old took the Functional Independence Measure for Children (Wee-FIM), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), Short Sensory Profile, Bruininks-Oserestky Test of Motor Proficiency-2 (BOT-2), and Test of Playfulness (ToP) for the baseline. The child participated in 3 evaluation sessions and 8 therapy sessions based on the AB research design. Duration of each session is 50 min and the therapy session is divided into 40 minutes for treatment and 10 minutes for evaluation. Since the vestibular sense and proprioception build up one's ability of postural control, several tests were employed to evaluate the child' postural control as outcome measure; distance from front leg of chair to heel of the child with sitting (C-H distance), angle between trunk and thigh (hip joint angle) with sitting, and the 'prone-extension posture' which is a subtest of Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skill (COMPS) to examine postural control embodied with integration of reflex and BPS processing. Result : During the therapy, average data of the C-H distance is decreased from 27.33cm to 11.69cm, average data of the hip joint angle is also decreased from $43.3^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$, and average time for the prone-extension posture is increased from 13.15seconds to 24.84seconds. Conclusion : This result indicates that the ability to postural control in sitting and to maintain the prone-extension posture can be improved by sensory integrative therapy, with enhanced BPS processing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 1982

These studies were carried out to know the measure of damage having an effect on the ornamental trees owing to sulfurous acid gas($So_2$) which injures much forest trees among air pollutions in south area of Korean and to know the difference of smoke resistance on the five representative species among them and therefore to establish the preventive measure of air pollutions in industrial complex of south area of Korea by the ornamental trees. The reaction formula utilized was $Na_2So_2+H_2So_4$ $Na_2So_4+H_O+So_4$. The results obtained were as follows. 1) The ornamental trees surveyed in the industrial complexes of Ul-San, Chang-Won and Po-hang belonged to 51 species, 161,699 trees in all. The most five species among 51 sorts of woody plants were Populus tomentiglandulosa, Buxus microphylla, Forsythia korenan, Juniperus chinensis and Pinus densiflora. 2) The relation between the concentration of sulfurous acid gas($So_2$) and the damage rate upon investigation in each species: In case of low concentration the destructive quantities of cells of woody plants, and the more increased the concentrations, the more increased the amount of damage. 3) The difference of smoke resistance among five species showed to be the strongest in Buxus micorphylla, the second rand Pupulus tomentiglandulosa, the third rand Forsythia koreana, the fourth rank Juniperus chinensis and the weakest in Pinus densiflora. 4) The ornamental trees of industrial complex expecially in south area of Korea in future should be planted gradually broad-leaved trees which have strong sprout, smoke resistance and thick leaved rather than comifers. 5) I think that the area of city forest in industrial complex requires about $50m^2$ per head of population and about 100m width of green belt between industrial area and residential district.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.546-552
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• 2001

The heat transfer and flow measurements on a pedestal encountered in chip cooling. A uniform wall temperature boundary condition at the plate surface and on a pedestal was created using shroud method. Liquid crystal was used to measure the plate surface temperature. The jet Reynolds number (Re) ranges from 11,000 to 50,000, the dimensionless nozzle-to-surface distance (L/d) from 2 to 10, and the dimensionless pedestal diameter-to-height (H/D) from 0 to 1.0. The results show that the Nusselt number distributions at the near the pedestal exhibit secondary maxima at $r/d{\cong}1.0\;and\;1.5$. The formation of the secondary maxima is attributed to an create in the vortex by the pedestal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1049-1056
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• 2007

This study was conducted to compare the methane ($CH_4$) production estimated by in vivo (sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique ($SF_6$)) with that of two in vitro rumen simulation (RUSITEC) and gas production (IVGPT)) techniques. Four adult dry Holstein cows, aged $7.4{\pm}3.0$ years and weighing $697{\pm}70$ kg, were used for measuring methane production from five diets by the $SF_6$ technique. The experimental diets were alfalfa hay ($D_1$), corn silage + soybean meal (SBM) (910: 90, $D_2$), Italian rye grass hay +SBM (920: 80, $D_3$), rice straw +SBM (910: 90, $D_4$) and Sudan grass hay +SBM (920: 80, $D_5$). Each diet was individually fed to all 4 cows and 5 feeding studies of 17 d each were conducted to measure the methane production. In the RUSITEC, methane production was measured from triplicate vessels for each diet .In vitro gas production was measured for each of the diets in triplicate syringes. The gas produced after 24 and 48 h was recorded and gas samples were collected in vacuum vials and the methane production was calculated after correction for standard temperature and pressure (STP). Compared to the $SF_6$ technique, estimates of methane production using the RUSITEC were lower for all diets. Methane production estimated from 24 h in vitro gas production was higher (p<0.001) on $D_1$ as compared to that measured by $SF_6$, whereas on $D_2$ to $D_5$ it was lower. Compared to $SF_6$, methane production estimated from 48 h in vitro gas production was higher on all diets. However, methane estimated from the mean of the two measurement intervals (24+48 h/2) in IVGPT was very close to that of $SF_6$ (correlation 0.98), except on $D_1$. The results of our study confirmed that IVGPT is reflective of in vivo conditions, so that it could be used to generate a database on methane production potential of various ruminant diets and to examine strategies to modify methane emissions by ruminants.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.200-216
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• 2015

This paper empirically investigates the role of R&D intensity on market concentration of firms using four key market valuation variables, namely (1) market share, (2) labor intensity, (3) firm age and, (4) firm's market value. The empirical tests use database at firm level for the Indian IT sector from 1999 to 2013 from the CMIE Prowess database. The results of the regression analyses partially support our hypothesis that R&D intensity positively influences firm's market value measure by the H-index. The test results are consistent with the hypotheses that R&D spending is more valuable for firms with larger market shares, higher labor intensity, and firms that are diversified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2003

Osteoporosis is usually considered a disease of older women reported the rate, pattern and determinants of bone loss, far less information is available for men although it is also common in men [1,2]. The three major causes of osteoporosis in men are excessive alcohol intake, long-term glucocorticoid therapy, and hypogonadism [3,4]. In process of bone resorption, type I collagen crosslinking molecules, pyridinoline (PYD) are released into the circulation and cleared by the kidney. $^2$H$_2$O as a tracer has been applied to measure synthesis rates of slow-turnover proteins and successfully applied to bone collagen synthesis, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in rat. The objective of this study was to examine osteoporosis and alcohol-induced changes of femur and liver in post-menopausal males using the developed method. (omitted)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2002

The chemical behavior and properties on the redox state of environmental pollutant has been investigated by electrochemical methods. We carried out to measure the variations in the redox reaction of differential pulse polarogram and cyclic voltammogram. The results observed the influences on redox potential and current of various factors with temperature and pH. These were established factors as the effect of the redox reaction. It can be clearly recognized that the electrode reaction are from qusi-reversible to irreversible processes. Also, it was mixing with reaction current controlled. The bits-phenol A in the waste water was made to compound with cobalt ion and it take away from the separation into compound. The $Co(BPA)_2$ compound was not found to be dissociation in waste water. However, this compound is avery unstable(K=1.02) and for a while, it was to be a dissociation. Therefore, we believed that it was likely to a toxic substance.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 1994

Fiber-optic biosensor for the detection of organophosphorus compounds in a contaminated water was developed, which was the component of pesticides and agricultural agent. The detection principle of designed sensor was the pH variance induced by a reaction of acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibited by organophosphorus compounds. The pH variance was detected by the optical system to measure the organophosphorus compounds. Litmus was selected as the pH-sensitive dye suitable to the enzyme reaction and a light source to be detected by the optical system. The enzyme entrapped in Ca-alginate gel was immobilized at the inner wall to maintain the high activity of enzyme and to be reused for a long period. The optical fiber was used to miniaturize and control remotely the sensor system. The He-Ne laser with 632 nm was selected as the light source to prevent light intensity fluctuation by the product. Cheap plastic optical fibers were used as the transmission part of the light and the phototransistor was used as the reception part of light based on the wavelength of He-Ne laser. The proposed fiber-optic biosensor has the linear analytical range of 0 ppm-1.5 ppm with response time of 5 minutes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.193-196
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• 1991

The $^{13}C-NMR$ shifts of a series of para-substituted $8-aryl-tricyclo[3.2.1.0^{2,7}]oct-8-yl$ and $9-aryl-tricyclo[3.3.1.0^{2,8}]-non-9-yl$ cations were measured in $FSO_3H/SO_2ClF\ at\-90^{\circ}$ in order to examine whether the ${\rho}^{C^+}$ values can be used as a measure of the geometric influence on the charge delocalization resulting from ${\rho}$ conjugation in rigid tricyclopropylcarbinyl cations. Plot of the ${\Delta}{\delta}^{C+} shifts against the ${\sigma}^{C+}$ constants revealed excellent linear correlation. The 8-aryl tricyclooctyl systems yielded a ${\rho}^{C+}$ value of -5.00 with r = 0.9962. Previous investigation of the 9-aryl-tricyclononyl systems gave a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9948 with a slope of ${\rho}^{C+}$ = -4.95. A fair parallelism exists between the results of $^{19}F-NMR $ studies and the change of ${\rho}^{C+}$ value in these cations. Consequently, it is established that the ${\rho}^{C+}$ value can be used to explain the mechanism of charge stabilization of the rigid cyclopropylcarbinyl cation such as tricyclo $[3.2.1.0^{2,7}]oct-8-yl$ cation.