• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2009

Human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) is a pituitary glycoprotein that regulates follicular development and ovulation. Clinically, hFSH has been used to induce follicular growth in infertile women. The hormone is composed of heterodimers, including a common ${\alpha}$ subunit among the gonadotropin family and a hormone-specific ${\beta}$ subunit. Since assembly of the heterodimer is a rate-limiting step in the production of functional hFSH, transgenic clone cows carrying a single-chain hFSH transgene may efficiently produce functional hormone. Genes encoding the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ subunits of hFSH were linked using the C-terminal peptide sequence from the ${\beta}$ subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. Bovine fetal fibroblasts were transfected with the gene construct, including the goat ${\beta}$-casein promoter and a single-chain hFSH coding sequence. Transfected fibroblasts were transferred into enucleated oocytes, and individual nuclear transfer (NT) embryos developed to the blastocyst stage were analyzed for the transgene by polymerase chain reaction. Seventy eight blastocysts (30.8%) were developed from 259 reconstructed embryos. Among these blastocysts, the hFSH gene was detected in 70.8% (34/48) of the embryos. Subsequent transfer of hFSH-transgenic clone embryos to 31 recipients results in 11 (35.5%) early pregnancies. However, all fetuses were lost before reaching day 180 of gestation. The results from this study demonstrated that bovine NT embryos carrying single-chain hFSH could be produced, and further extensive studies in which NT embryos are transferred to more recipients may give rise to single chain hFSH-transgenic cows for biomedical applications.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.268-274
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• 1991

${\beta}$-nitrostyrene 유도체(p-H, p-Cl, p-CH$_3$, p-OCH$_3$, p-NO$_2$)에 대한 thiourea의 친핵성 첨가반응속도를 자외선 분광분석법으로 측정하여 pH에 따르는 반응속도 상수의 변화, general base 및 치환기 효과등으로부터 넓은 pH 범위에서 실험치와 잘 일치하는 반응속도식을 구하였고, 실험사실에 잘 맞는 반응 메카니즘을 제안하였다. 즉, pH 9.00 이상에서의 반응속도는 hydroxide ion의 농도에 비례하는 sulfide anion이 첨가되는 전형적인 Michael type의 반응이 일어나며, pH 9.00 ~ 7.00에서는 thiourea의 중성분자와 그의 anion들이 경쟁적으로 첨가되며 pH 7.00 이하에서는 thiourea의 중성분자만이 첨가됨을 알았다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2007

Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEG)-poly(${\beta}$-amino ester) (PAE) block copolymers were synthesized using a Michael-type step polymerization, and the construction of pH-sensitive polymeric micelles (PM) investigated. The ${\beta}$-amino ester block of the block copolymers functioned as a pH-sensitive moiety as well as a hydrophobic block in relation to the ionization of PAE, while PEG acted as a hydrophilic block, regardless of ionization. The synthesized polymers were characterized using $^1H-NMR$, with their molecular weights measured using gel permeation chromatography. The $pK_b$ values of the pH-sensitive polymers were measured using a titration method. The pH-sensitivity and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the block copolymers in PBS solution were estimated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The pH dependent micellization behaviors with various bisacrylate esters varied within a narrow pH range. The critical micelle concentration at pH 7.4 decreased from 0.032 to 0.004 mg/mL on increasing the number of methyl group in the bisacrylate from 4 to 10. Also, the particle size of the block copolymer micelles was determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). The DLS results revealed the micelles had an average size below 100 nm. These pH-sensitive polymeric micelles may be good carriers for the delivery of an anticancer drug.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2005

유색미 겨 추출물이 염증반응에 미치는 효과를 호중구 세포주 및 비만세포가 분비하는 염증매개물질인 histamine과 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 분비 및 염증 cytokine 생성에 대한 억제활성을 측정하여 평가하였다. 호중구 세포주인 RBL-2H3 세포와 rat에서 분리 추출한 복강 비만세포(RPMC, peritoneal mast cell)를 이용하여 histamine과 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ 분비에 대한 억제활성을 조사한 결과, 일반미 겨 추출물은 RBL-2H3 세포에서 염증매개물질들의 분비량을 증가시킨 반면, 유색미 겨 추출물은 이들의 분비를 억제하였다(histamine 10.19% 억제, ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$ 110.03% 억제). RPMC에서는 유색미가 histamine과 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 분비를 일반미보다 각각 8배와 3배나 높게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 염증관련 cytokine으로서 $IL-1{\beta},\;TNF-{\alpha}$ 및 IL-6의 발현을 RT-PCR로 측정한 결과, 유색미가 일반미 보다 $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6의 발현을 억제하는 효과가 우수하였다. ELISA를 이용하여 cytokine의 분비량을 측정한 실험에서도 유색미가 일반미보다 $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6의 분비를 효과적으로 억제하였다. 이상의 결과는 유색미가 염증반응의 원인 물질인 histamine과 ${\beta}-hexosaminidase$의 분비에 대한 억제효과 뿐 아니라, 염증 cytokine의 발현을 저해하는 효과도 일반미보다 우수하다는 사실을 보여주었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2007

In this communication, we report the efficacy of $\beta$-carotene towards differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia cells. Dose ($20{\mu}M$) and time dependence (12 h) tests of $\beta$-carotene showed a higher magnitude of decrease (significance p < 0.05) in cell numbers and cell viability in HL-60 cells than U937 cells but not normal cell like Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Microscopical observation of $\beta$-carotene treated cells showed a distinct pattern of morphological abnormalities with inclusion of apoptotic bodies in both leukemia cell lines. When cells were treated with $20{\mu}M$ of $\beta$-carotene, total genomic DNA showed a fragmentation pattern and this pattern was clear in HL-60 than U937 cells. Both the cell lines, on treatment with $\beta$-carotene, showed a clear shift in $G_1$ phase of the cell cycle. In addition the study also revealed anti-oxidant properties of $\beta$-carotene since there was reduction in relative fluorescent when treated than the control at lower concentration. Collectively this study shows the dual phenomenon of apoptosis and differentiation of leukemia cells on treatment with $\beta$-carotene.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.972-978
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated the performance of an immobilized ${\beta}$-galactosidase inclusion bodies-containing Escherichia coli cell reactor, where the cells were immobilized in alginate beads, which were then used in repeated-batch operations for the hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-galactoside or lactose over the long-term. In particular, in the Tris buffer system, disintegration of the alginate beads was not observed during the operation, which was observed for the phosphate buffer system. The o-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-galactoside hydrolysis was operated successfully up to about 80 h, and the runs were successfully repeated at least eight times. In addition, hydrolysis of lactose was successfully carried out up to 240 h. Using Western blotting analyses, it was verified that the ${\beta}$-galactosidase inclusion bodies were sustained in the alginate beads during the repeated-batch operations. Consequently, we experimentally verified that ${\beta}$-galactosidase inclusion bodies-containing Escherichia coli cells could be used in a repeated-batch reactor as a biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-galactoside or lactose. It is probable that this approach can be applied to enzymatic synthesis reactions for other biotechnology applications, particularly reactions that require long-term and stable operation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.205-209
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• 1999

Stability of the $\beta$-sitosterol glycoside from Schima wallichii sp. at various physical conditions were investigated, mutagenecity of the steroid saponin was determined by Ames test. When exposed in pH 3 to pH 8, the $\beta$-sitosterol glycoside was stable on antimicrobial activity against yeasts. The antimicrobial activity of the $\beta$-sitosterol glycoside also stable in high temperature, $N_2$, $O_2$ gas and light exposure, and metal ion. Ames test result revealed that $\beta$-sitosterol glycoside did not have any mutagenic activity. These results suggest that the $\beta$-sitosterol glycoside might be a promising candidate as a natural antimicrobial compound.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.728-737
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of pound cake made of substituted flour with different amount of $\beta-glucan$ i.e. 3, 6 and $9\%$ respectively. $\beta-glucan$ is a functional food material produced from Agrobacterium sup. R259 KCTC 10197BP. The specific gravity and pH of dough were found to be increased according to $\beta-glucan$ content Rheological property such as adhesiveness of dough has no difference between control and $\beta-glucan$ added groups. The pH of baked pound cake was not significantly different between control and $\beta-glucan$ groups. The volume of baked pound cake wag not significantly different between control and the ones with up to $6\%$ $\beta-glucan$, Lightness (L), redness (a) and yellowness (b) value of Hunter color system of cake crumb were not significantly different among teated groups, except a value of crust in $9\%$ $\beta-glucan$ group. the moisture content of cake increased according to $\beta-glucan$ content. Hardness by texture analyser was decreased with increasing $\beta-glucan$ content although cohesiveness wag not changed in β$\beta-glucan$ groups, compared with the control. Sensory evaluation results showed that the mean scores of over·all acceptability in 3 and $6\%$ $\beta-glucan$ were higher than that of control. Based on these results, the addition of $\beta-glucan$ to pound cake up to $6\%$ was considered to be desirable especially in terms of texture.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.669-684
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• 2011

In this note, we obtain the expression of the characteristic fucntion of the random variable $\int_o^TB_s^{{\alpha},{\beta}}dB_s^{H,K}$, where $B^{{\alpha},{\beta}}$ and $B^{H,K}$ are two independent bifractional Brownian motions with indices ${\alpha}{\in}(0,1),{\beta}{\in}(0, 1]$ and $HK{\in}(\frac{1}{2},\;1)$ respectively.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 1995

By coculturing E. coli HGU-3 with Bifidobacterium KH-2 or Streptococcus faecalis HGO-7 with Bifidobacterium KH-2, the productivity of $\beta$-glucuronidase and $\beta$-glucosidase was inhibited. When lactulose, growth factor of lactic acid bacteria, was added into this medium, the productivity of these enzymes and pH of the medium were dramatically decreased. When intestinal microflora of human and rat were inoculated in the medium containing lactulose, the enyzme productivity and pH of the medium were dramatically decreased. By s.c. injecting DMH into mice, $\beta$-glucuronidase of intestinal bacteria was induced, but the production of the enzymes was inhibited by adminstering lactulose.