• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.739-746
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigated the antitumor effect and change chemosensitivity of chitosan in 2 kinds of humen lung cancer cell lines(NCI-H522, NCI-H596). To evaluate the antitumor effect and synergistic effectof chomosensitivity, MTT assay was used in vitro. then anticancer drugs used were 챤-platin , ectoposide, and adrimycin. The results of this study were as follows; Chitosan shwoed in antitumor effect on both NCI-H522 and NCI-H596. The lung cancer viability percent for NCI-H522 and NCL-H596 showed at the lowest levels of 5.31 and 5.33% when the concentration of chitosan was 25mg/$m\ell$ media and the exposure time of chitosan was 72 hours. ID50 value of chitosan on both NCI-H522 and NCI-H596 showed at the lowest levels of 14.07, 11.68 mg/$m\ell$ media when the exposure time of chitosan was 72 hours. the synergistic effect of chomosensitivity was better in NCI-H596 than in NCI0H522 . When the synergistic effect of chomosensitivity was shown according to the kind of the anticancer drugs, in case of NCI-H522 , in the concentration of 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, ectoposide showed the highest synergistic effect of chomosensitivity and then was adrimycin In case of NCI-H596, in the concentration of 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$,, the order of the synergistic effect of chomosensitivity was ectoposide>adrimycin>cis-platin and in the concentration of 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$, ectoposide>cis-platin >adrimycin. It is concluded that chitosan is an active antitumor agent and is increased chomosensitivity though there is difference according to the kind and the concentration of anticancer drugs. But to be sued to lung cancer theraphy, further studies on toxicity, the mechanism of action, animal experiment are wanted.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1993

To maintain a good sperm motility is one of the key factors for the successful artificial insemination in retrograde ejaculation, and the sperm motility has been shown to be affected by various environmental factors, including change in pH and osmolarity. Herein we have analyzed the effect of change in pH and osmolarity in urine and normal saline on sperm motility by Sperm Quality Analyzer and Makler counting chamber. Semen, which sampled by masturbation from a 28 year old male and showed normal finding on semen analysis, was used for this study. The results were as follows: 1. When osmolarity was fixed to 300mOsm, pH did not show a definite effect on the sperm moility. However, the motility was generally a bit better in alkaline urine and saline than in acid, particularly than in pH 5.0. 2. When pH was fixed to 7.5, sperm motility was best in urine and saline of 300mOsm. Hyperosmolarity had more adverse.effect on the motility than hypoosmolarity. 3. The sperm motility was worse in the urine than in saline under the same pH and osmolarity. In conclusion, osmolarity has a definite effect on sperm motility, where as pH has relatively little effect. And certain components of urine other than pH and osmolarity might affect the sperm motility.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

One of functions of Galla Rhois (GR) is reportedly an anti-inflammatory effect on the several inflammatory diseases. However, an effect of GR related to periodontitis has not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of the hexane extract of Galla Rhois (GR-H) on periodontitis. Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTS analysis using human gingival fibroblast (hGF) cells. Experimental periodontitis was induced by injecting E.coli LPS into the palatal gingiva maxillary molar thrice weekly for 3 weeks (LPS group). GR-H diluted in 1xPBS was orally administrated using a syringe at 30 mg/kg body weight and 100 mg/kg body weight once a day (GR-H group). GR-H effect on the alveolar bone loss (ABL) was digitized with a micro-CT. GR-H treatment at concentrations exceeding 0.5 mg/ml showed cytotoxic effect in hGF cells. The micro-CT among groups were presented for the different distances from cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to alveolar bone crest (ABC). The results indicated an inhibitory effect on alveolar bone loss for orally administered GR-H in a model of LPS-induced periodontitis.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.385-393
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• 2022

Previous studies postulated insignificant capillary rise (h_c) effect above the water table (H_w) for unsaturated soils. In addition, these studies utilised dry unit weight above H_w. This paper, therefore, addresses the effect of these postulations on strength where the influence of h_c using a modified upper bound approach, Discontinuity Layout Optimization (UNSAT-DLO) for a simulated soil was predicted. Two different parametric studies to model passive earth pressure and bearing capacity problems are carried out to provide an insight into the effect of capillary rise on strength. Significant increase in strength, owing to unsaturated conditions, was obtained where the maximum increase was when suction slightly less or greater than the air entry suction. On the other hand, the results showed a negative effect of h_c. For example, up to 8.24% decrease in passive thrust (P_p) was obtained at H_w=0 m when h_c rose 1 m from 0 m. To put this into perspective, this was equivalent to a decrease of about 2° in 𝜙 at H_w=0 m and h_c =0 m in order to obtain the same result at h_c =1 m. For the bearing capacity problem, the effect was seen to be higher, up to 18.4% decrease in N_𝛾 was obtained when h_c rose from 0 m to 2.5 m at H_w =0 m. In addition, the results revealed a negative influence of assigning dry unit weight above H_w or h_c.. However, considerable increase in strength was obtained when unsaturated unit weight above h_c was assigned.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.153-170
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• 1989

We have studied some effects of the SOEUMIN-HYANGSAYANGYUI-TANG (S.H.Y.) on the C.N.S. and on the intestines. Several empirical remarks, depending on the different treatments, are investigated throughout this study as follows; 1) The treatment, using atropine bromide, represses the effect of the S.H.Y. on the contractive force of intestines. 2) The treatment, using pheniramine maleate, seems not be able to repress the effect of the S.H.Y. on the contractive force of intestines. 3) The treatment, using cyproheptadine, seems not be able to repress the effect of the S.H.Y. on the contractive force of intestines. 4) The analgesic effect as well as the antipyretic effect are remarked while the acetic acid is applied. 5) The suppressive action on the convulsion, induced by strychine, is not observed. However the significant effect on the convulsion induced by picrotoxin is remarked. 6) The sedactive effect of the S.H.Y., using the Rotor rod test, is not obviously observed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2016

Hydroxy acid has been used to enhance anti-aging and skin moisturization by peeling effect on the skin stratum corneum, and thus it has been widely used in topical products and cosmetic products. Among them, the effect that appears most effectively in a short period of time has been reported to be effected by the pH of the cosmetic formulations. However, there are many difficulties in use due to irritation caused by pH and concerns about side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying cosmetics with (1) varying concentrations, (2) types and (3) pH of hydroxy acid on human skin. 22 healthy adults were stained with DHA (dihydroxyacetone) and DC (dansyl chloride) on the forearm, and the skin exfoliation effect was measured after application of the test products. (1) The application of GA (glycolic acid) increased the desquamation by concentration dependent. (2) the test product prepared with neutral pH showed no exfoliation effect. In contrast, SA (salicylic acid) showed a statistically significant exfoliation effect at both acidic pH and neutral pH. (3) The neutral pH SA showed excellent exfoliation effect on bot DHA and DC stained stratum corneum. These results suggest that it is possible to manufacture safe cosmetics without damaging the skin barrier, providing an opportunity to use cosmetics that are expected to exfoliate to people, whose skin is sensitive to pH.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.6
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• pp.57-59
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• 1965

According to the result of the observations on the effect of the reagents, $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ $MnSO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$, $HgCl_2$, upon the mycelial growth of psalliota campestris $HgCl_2$ showed the strongest effect on checking the mycelial growth $(,.008{\sim}0.01%)$ $CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O(0.030%)$, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O(0.080%)$, came next and the $MnSO_4{\cdot}4H_2O(0.100%)$ was the weakest. Writer also found that showed the promoting effect of the mycelial growth in appropriate Concentration (at $0.015%\;CuSO_4{\cdot}5H_2O$, $0.030%ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$).

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2180-2185
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• 2003

Numerical simulations of freely propagating flames burning $H_2/HCl/Air$ mixtures are performed at atmospheric pressure in order to understand the effect of HCl on the NOx reduction. A chemical kinetic mechanism is developed, which involves 26 gas-phase species and 99 reactions. Under several equivalence ratios the flame speeds are calculated and compared with those obtained from the experiments, the results of which is in good agreement. As HCl is added into $H_2/Air$ flame as additive, its chemical effect causes the reduction of radicals (H, OH, and O), and then the decrease of the net rate of NO production. It is found that the chemical effect of additive has much more influence on the reduction of EINO than its physical effect.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.447-450
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• 2003

To clerify the cytotoxicity of reactive oxygen species in cultured hippocampal neurons of neonatal mouse, toxic effect was measured by MTT assay after cultured cells were incubated for 3 hours in the media containing 1～40 μM concentrations of H₂O₂. In addition, the protective effect of vitamin E was determined in these cultrures. Cell viability was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure of 10 μM H₂O₂ to cultured mouse hippocampal neurons for 5 hours. In the protective effect of vitamin E, vitamin E prevented the H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. From these results, it suggests that H₂O₂ has toxic effect in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons and vitamin E has protective effect on the cytotoxicity induced by H₂O₂.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.667-674
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pH and temperature on the formation of bromate, which is ozonation by-products, during ozonation. In this experiment, the operating parameters including pH 3 ～ 10 and temperature 15 ～ $30^{\circ}C$ were studied. Through the study for the bromate formation, reaction rate constant, and ozonation effect index on pH and temperature, the results obtained are as follows. At the same initial pH condition, the increase of pH shown similar trends even if the reaction variables such as temperature and reaction time of ozonation were exchanged. As pH and temperature were increasing, the bromate concentration was increased but bromine(HOBr+OBr) was decreased with increasing pH from 3 to 10. The activation energy(J/mol) for bromate formation decreased with increasing pH. The rate constants of bromate formation for the reaction of ozone and bromide, and ozone dosage coefficient$(K_{0})$ increased with temperature and pH. Ozonation effect index(OI) decreased with increasing temperature and pH.